Kutanga kwebasa rezvematongerwo enyika
Benazir Bhutto akaberekerwa mumhuri ine simba kwazvo: madzitateguru ababa vake vaive machinda edunhu reSindh, sekuru vake Shah Nawaz vakambotungamira hurumende yePakistan. Akanga ari mwana wedangwe mumhuri, uye baba vake vaimuda zvikuru: akadzidza pazvikoro zvakanakisisa zveKaturike muKarachi, achitungamirirwa nababa vake Benazir akadzidza Islam, mabasa aLenin uye mabhuku pamusoro peNapoleon.
Zulfikar akakurudzira chido chemwanasikana wake cheruzivo uye kuzvimiririra munzira dzese: semuenzaniso, pazera ramakore gumi nemaviri amai vake vakaisa chifukidziro paBenazir, sezvaifanirwa nemusikana ane hunhu kubva kumhuri yechiMuslim, akasimbirira kuti mwanasikana wacho sarudzo - kuipfeka kana kusapfeka. "Islam haisi chitendero chemhirizhonga uye Benazir anozviziva. Wese munhu ane nzira yake uye sarudzo yake! " - akati. Benazir akaswera ari mukamuri make achifungisisa nezvemashoko ababa vake. Uye mangwanani akaenda kuchikoro asina chifukidziro uye haana kuzomboipfeka zvakare, achingovhara musoro wake nekachira kanoyevedza semutero kutsika dzenyika yake. Benazir aigara achiyeuka chiitiko ichi paakataura nezvababa vake.
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto akava mutungamiri wePakistan muna 1971 akatanga kuzivisa mwanasikana wake kuhupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Dambudziko rakanyanya kunetsa rekunze kwenyika yaive nyaya isina kugadziriswa yemuganho pakati peIndia nePakistan, vanhu vaviri ava vaigara vachinetsana. Nokuda kwekurukurirano muIndia muna 1972, baba nemwanasikana vakabhururuka pamwe chete. Ikoko, Benazir akasangana naIndira Gandhi, akataura naye kwenguva yakareba zvisina kurongwa. Migumisiro yenhaurirano yaiva zvimwe zviitiko zvakanaka, izvo zvakazogadziriswa kare munguva yekutonga kwaBenazir.
The coup d'etat
Muna 1977, kupandukira hurumende kwakaitika muPakistan, Zulfikar akapidigurwa uye, mushure memakore maviri ekutongwa kunonetesa, akaurayiwa. Chirikadzi nemwanasikana weaimbove mutungamiriri wenyika akazove mukuru wePeople's Movement, iyo yakadana kurwisana nemubvudzi Zia al-Haq. Benazir naamai vake vakasungwa.
Kana mukadzi achembera akasiyiwa uye akavharirwa mumba, ipapo Benazir aiziva nhamo dzose dzokupfigirwa mujeri. Mukupisa kwechirimo, rusero rwake rwakashanduka kuva hero chaiyo. “Zuva raipisa kamera zvokuti ganda rangu rakanga razara nokutsva,” akazonyora kudaro mubhuku rake roupenyu. “Ndaisagona kufema, mhepo yaipisa zvikuru imomo.” Husiku, makonye, umhutu, dandemutande zvaikambaira zvichibuda mudzimba dzavo. Achihwanda zvipembenene, Bhutto akafukidza musoro wake negumbeze remujeri rairema ndokurikanda pasi apo rakanga rava kutadza kufema zvachose. Mukadzi muduku uyu akawana kupi simba panguva iyoyo? Zvakaramba zvakavanzika kwaari, zvakare, asi kunyangwe ipapo Benazir aigara achifunga nezvenyika yake uye nevanhu vaive vakavharirwa nehudzvinyiriri hweal-Haq.
Muna 1984, Benazir akakwanisa kubuda mutirongo nekuda kwekupindira kwevachengeti verunyararo vekuMadokero. Kufora kwekukunda kwaBhutto kuburikidza nenyika dzeEurope kwakatanga: iye, aneta mushure mejeri, akasangana nevatungamiriri vedzimwe nyika, akapa hurukuro dzakawanda uye misangano yevatori venhau, panguva yaakapikisa pachena hurumende muPakistan. Hushingi hwake nekutsunga kwake kwakayemurwa nevakawanda, uye mudzvanyiriri wePakistan akaona kuti aive nemupikisi akasimba uye ane tsika. Muna 1986, mutemo wemauto muPakistan wakabviswa, uye Benazir akadzokera achikunda kunyika yake.
Muna 1987, akaroora Asif Ali Zarardi, uyo akabvawo kumhuri ine simba muSindh. Vatsoropodzi vane hutsinye vaiti iyi yaive muchato wekurerutsira, asi Benazir akaona shamwari yake uye tsigiro mumurume wake.
Panguva ino, Zia al-Haq anodzora mutemo wemauto munyika uye kuputsa dare remakurukota. Benazir haakwanise kumira parutivi uye - kunyangwe anga asati apora kubva pakuzvarwa kwakaoma kwemwana wake wekutanga - anopinda muhondo yezvematongerwo enyika.
Sezvineiwo, mudzvanyiriri Zia al-Haq anofa mutsaona yendege: bhomba rakaputika mundege yake. Murufu rwake, vazhinji vakaona chibvumirano chekuuraya - vakapomera Benazir nemukoma wake Murtaza nekubatanidzwa, kunyangwe amai vaBhutto.
Kurwira masimba kwakadonhawo
Muna 1989, Bhutto akava mutungamiriri wePakistan, uye ichi chaive chiitiko chenhoroondo chezviyero zvakakura: kekutanga munyika yechiMuslim, mumwe mukadzi akatungamira hurumende. Benazir akatanga temu yake yekutanga nekusunungurwa kwakazara: akapa kuzvitonga kumayunivhesiti nemasangano evadzidzi, akabvisa kutonga pamusoro penhau, uye akasunungura vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika.
Mushure mekunge awana dzidzo yeEurope yakanakisa uye nekurerwa mutsika dzakasununguka, Bhutto akadzivirira kodzero dzevakadzi, izvo zvaipesana netsika yechinyakare yePakistan. Chokutanga pane zvose, akazivisa rusununguko rwekusarudza: kana yaiva kodzero yekupfeka kana kusapfeka chifukidzo, kana kuti azvizive kwete semuchengeti wezvoto.
Benazir airemekedza nekuremekedza tsika dzemunyika yake neIslam, asi panguva imwe cheteyo akaratidzira achipokana nezvakanga zvave zvisisashandi uye zvaitadzisa kufambira mberi kwenyika. Saka, kazhinji uye pachena akasimbisa kuti akanga ari munhu asingadyi miriwo: “Kudya kwemuriwo kunondipa simba nokuda kwebudiriro dzangu dzezvematongerwe enyika. Nekuda kwekudya kwekudyara, musoro wangu hauna pfungwa dzinorema, ini pachangu ndakadzikama uye ndakadzikama, ”akadaro mubvunzurudzo. Uyezve, Benazir akasimbirira kuti chero muMuslim anogona kuramba chikafu chemhuka, uye "inouraya" simba rezvigadzirwa zvenyama rinongowedzera hutsinye.
Nomuzvarirwo, kutaura kwakadaro uye nhanho dzedemocracy zvakakonzera kusagutsikana pakati pevaIslam, vane pesvedzero yakawedzera muPakistan mukutanga 1990s. Asi Bhenaziri akanga asingatyi. Akatsunga kuenda kuti awirirane pamwe nekushandira pamwe neRussia mukurwisa kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka, akasunungura mauto eRussia, aive akasungwa mushure memushandirapamwe weAfghan.
Pasinei nekuchinja kwakanaka kwemitemo yekunze uye yemumba, hofisi yemutungamiriri wehurumende yaiwanzopomerwa uori, uye Benazir pachake akatanga kukanganisa uye kuita zviito zvechimbichimbi. Muna 1990, Mutungamiri wePakistani Ghulam Khan akadzinga Bhutto dare rose remakurukota. Asi izvi hazvina kutyora kuda kwaBenazir: muna 1993, akazviratidza zvakare munhandare yezvematongerwo enyika ndokugashira chigaro chemutungamiri wehurumende mushure mekunge abatanidza bato rake nebato rehurumende.
Muna 1996, anove wezvematongerwo enyika anozivikanwa zvikuru wegore uye, zvinoratidzika, hazvisi kuzogumira ipapo: shanduko zvakare, nhanho dzakasimba mumunda werusununguko rwedemokrasi. Mukati metemu yake huru yechipiri, kusagona kurava nokunyora pakati pavanhu kwakadzikira nechinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu, mvura yakagoverwa kunharaunda dzakawanda dzine makomo, vana vakagamuchira kurapwa pachena, uye kurwisa hosha dzepwere kwakatanga.
Asi zvakare, huwori pakati pevaive naye hwakadzivisa zvirongwa zvekuda zvemukadzi: murume wake akapomerwa kutora chiokomuhomwe, mukoma wake akasungwa achipomerwa mhosva yekubiridzira nyika. Iye Bhutto pachake akamanikidzwa kusiya nyika achienda kuDubai. Muna 2003, dare repasi rose rakaona mhosva dzeblackmail uye chiokomuhomwe, maakaundi aBhutto ese akavharwa. Asi, zvisinei neizvi, akararama hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika huri kunze kwePakistan: akadzidzisa, akapa hurukuro uye akaronga nzendo dzevatori venhau achitsigira bato rake.
Kukunda kudzoka uye kurwisa kwegandanga
Muna 2007, mutungamiri wePakistani Pervez Musharraf ndiye akatanga kutaura nemukuru wezvematongerwo enyika aive anyadziswa, akarasa mhosva dzese dzehuori nechiokomuhomwe, ndokumubvumidza kuti adzokere munyika. Kuti agadzirise kukwira kwemhirizhonga muPakistan, aida shamwari yakasimba. Tichifunga nezvekuzivikanwa kwaBenazir munyika yake yekuzvarwa, kukwikwidza kwake kwaive kwakanyatsokodzera. Uyezve, Washington yakatsigirawo mutemo waBhutto, izvo zvakaita kuti ave muyananisi akakosha munhaurirano yezvematongerwo enyika.
Kare kuPakistan, Bhutto akava nehasha zvikuru mukurwisana kwezvematongerwe enyika. MunaNovember 2007, Pervez Musharraf akaunza mutemo wemauto munyika, achitsanangura kuti kunyanyisa kunotyisa kuri kutungamira nyika kugomba rakadzika-dzika uye izvi zvinogona kungomiswa nenzira dzakasimba. Benazir haana kubvumirana neizvi uye pane imwe yemisangano akataura nezve kudiwa kwekusiya basa kwemutungamiri wenyika. Nenguva isipi akatorwa ari musungwa, asi akaramba achipikisa hurumende yaivepo.
“Pervez Musharraf chimhingamupinyi mukusimudzirwa kwedemocracy munyika medu. Handisi kuona zvakakosha kuramba ndichishanda naye uye handisi kuona chinangwa chebasa rangu pasi pehutungamiriri hwake,” akataura mashoko ane ruzha akadaro pamusangano wakaitwa muguta reRawalpindi musi wa27 Zvita. Benazir akatarisa kunze kwemota yake yezvombo uye akabva agashira mabara maviri muhuro nepachipfuva - haana kumbopfeka mabhati asingapindi bara. Ikoku kwakateverwa nebhomba rokuzviuraya, iro rakatyaira pedyo sezvinobvira kumotokari yake pane moped. Bhutto akafa kubva mukunetseka kwakanyanya, bhomba rekuzviuraya rakauraya hupenyu hwevanhu vanopfuura makumi maviri.
Humhondi uhu hwakanyandura veruzhinji. Vatungamiri venyika dzakawanda vashora hutongi hweMusharraf uye vakataura mashoko enyaradzo kuvanhu vese vePakistan. Mutungamiriri weIsrael Ehud Olmert akatora kufa kwaBhutto senjodzi, achitaura paterevhizheni yeIsrael, akayemura ushingi uye kutsunga kwe "iron lady of East", achisimbisa kuti akaona maari kubatana pakati penyika dzeMuslim uye. Izirayeri.
Mutungamiri weAmerica, VaGeorge W. Bush, vachitaura nemashoko ehurumende, vakati chiito chegandanga ichi "chinoshoreka". Mutungamiri wePakistani Musharraf akazviwana ari panguva yakaoma zvikuru: kuratidzira kwevatsigiri vaBenazir kwakawedzera kuita mhirizhonga, mhomho yevanhu yakashevedzera masirogani "Pasi nemhondi yeMusharraf!"
Musi waZvita 28, Benazir Bhutto akavigwa munzvimbo yemhuri yake mudunhu reSindh, padyo neguva rababa vake.