Mukati
Chitsauko 12 chinobata muchidimbu nyaya mbiri dzisina kumbokurukurwa dzinganyanya kufarirwa nemuverengi.
Kutanga, ini ndichafunga nezve pesvedzero yezvipenyu zvinhu pahutsinye. Kunyangwe zvinotariswa nebhuku rino zviri pamaitiro epfungwa uye zvinhu zviri kuitika iye zvino uye/kana zvakapfuura, tichiri kuda kubvumirana kuti hutsinye muvanhu nedzimwe mhuka zvakare hunokonzerwa nemaitiro emuviri mumuviri nemupfungwa.
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakatoitwa pamusoro pebasa rinoitwa nebiological determinants. Nekudaro, chitsauko chinotevera chichave chakanyanya kusarudza uye chichabata chete chikamu chidiki cheruzivo rwedu nezve pesvedzero yefiziology pahutsinye. Mushure mekunge ndafunga muchidimbu pfungwa yehukasha, ndinoongorora pesvedzero yenhaka pahunhu hwevanhu hwemhirizhonga, uyezve ndinoongorora mhedzisiro inogona kuitika yehomoni dzepabonde pane kwakasiyana kuratidzwa kwehasha.
Chitsauko chinopera nepfupiso pfupi yekuti doro rinogona sei kukanganisa kuita mhirizhonga. Chitsauko ichi chinobata zvakanyanya nemibvunzo yemaitiro. Mazhinji epfungwa nefungidziro zvinopihwa pano zvakabva paongororo dzakaitwa murabhoritari nevana nevakuru.
Kumwe kufunga kwakatsaurirwa kune pfungwa inoshandiswa nevaongorori vanoita ongororo pahunhu hwevanhu.
Nyota yeruvengo uye kuparadza?
Muna 1932, Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose rakakoka Albert Einstein kuti asarudze munhu akatanhamara uye vachinjane maonero pamusoro pezvinetso zvinonetsa zvikuru zvenguva yedu. Chibatanwa chaMarudzi chaida kubudisa kurukurirano yacho kuti ifambise iyi kurukurirano pakati pavatungamiriri vakangwara vanhasi. Einstein akabvuma uye akazvipira kukurukura zvikonzero zvekusawirirana kwenyika dzakawanda. Kuyeuka kwekuuraya kwakaipisisa kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakanga ichiri kunyatsochengetedzwa mundangariro yemusayendisiti, uye akatenda kuti pakanga pasina mubvunzo unokosha kupfuura "kutsvaga kweimwe nzira yekuponesa vanhu kubva mukutyisidzirwa kwehondo." Nyanzvi huru yefizikisi zvirokwazvo haina kutarisira mhinduro iri nyore kudambudziko iri. Achifungidzira kuti kurwa uye utsinye zvakavanda mupfungwa dzevanhu, akatendeukira kune muvambi wepsychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, kuti asimbise fungidziro yake. Ona →
Vanhu vabatwa nepfungwa dzechisimba here? Chii chinonzi njere?
Kuti tinzwisise pfungwa yechishuwo chekuda hutsinye, tinofanira kutanga tajekesa zvinoreva izwi rekuti "musikirwo". Shoko racho rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye hazviiti nguva dzose kutaura nouchokwadi kuti chii chaizvo chinorehwa kana munhu achitaura nezvemaitiro omuzvarirwo. Dzimwe nguva tinonzwa kuti munhu, pasi pesimba remamiriro ezvinhu kamwe kamwe, "akaita nemasikirwo." Izvi zvinoreva here kuti akaita nenzira ine magene, kana kuti akaita chimwe chinhu chisingatarisirwi asina kufunga? Ona →
Kutsoropodza kwechinyakare pfungwa yomuzvarirwo
Dambudziko guru nemafungiro echinyakare emusikirwo ndiko kushaikwa kwehwaro hwakakwana hweempirical. Vafambisi vemhuka vakanyatsobvunza zvakawanda zvekutaura kwaLorenz kwakasimba nezvehutsinye hwemhuka. Tora, kunyanya, tsinhiro dzake pamusoro pekudzivirirwa kwega kwega kwehasha mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana emhuka. Lorenz akataura kuti mhuka zhinji dzinogona kuuraya dzimwe nhengo dzerudzi rwadzo zviri nyore dzine nzira dzekuzvarwa dzinokurumidza kumisa kurwisa kwavo. Vanhu havana nzira yakadaro, uye isu ndisu chete mhuka dzinozviparadza. Ona →
Kufurira kwenhaka pahutsinye
Muna Chikunguru 1966, mumwe murume wechidiki aive akarasika mupfungwa anonzi Richard Speck akaponda vanamukoti vasere muChicago. Mhosva yakaipisisa yakakwezva kutarisa kwenyika yose, pepanhau rakatsanangura chiitiko ichi zvakadzama. Zvakazozivikanwa kune veruzhinji kuti Speck aipfeka tattoo paruoko rwake "akazvarwa kuti amutse gehena".
Hatizivi kana Richard Speck akaberekwa aine hutsotsi hwakamuita kuti aite mhosva iyi, kana kuti "majini echisimba" ayo akamukurudzira kuuraya akabva kuvabereki vake, asi ndinoda kubvunza mubvunzo wakawanda: pane fungidziro ipi neipi yokugara nhaka yechisimba? Ona →
Kusiyana kwepabonde mukuratidzwa kwehasha
Misiyano mukuratidzwa kwehasha muvamiriri vevakomana vose vava nyaya yekurukurirano mumakore achangopfuura. Vaverengi vakawanda vangashamisika kuziva kuti pane kukakavara panyaya iyi. Pakutanga kuona, zvinoita sezviri pachena kuti varume ndivo vanowanzorwiswa nechisimba kupfuura vakadzi. Pasinei neizvi, vazhinji vezvepfungwa vanotenda kuti mutsauko hausi pachena, uye dzimwe nguva hauoneki zvachose (ona, semuenzaniso: Frodi, Macalay & Thome, 1977). Ngatitarisei zvidzidzo zvemisiyano iyi uye edza kuona basa remahomoni ebonde mukukurudzira hasha. Ona →
Mhedzisiro yehomoni
Mahomoni epabonde anogona kukanganisa hutsinye hwemhuka. Munhu anofanira kungotarisa zvinoitika kana mhuka yachekwa. Bhiza romusango rinoshanduka kuva bhiza rinoteerera, hando yomusango inoshanduka kuva nzombe inononoka, imbwa inotamba inova chipfuwo chinofuyiwa. Panogonawo kuva nemhedzisiro inopesana. Kana mhuka yechirume yakachekwa ikabaiwa jekiseni re testosterone, hukasha hwayo hunowedzera zvakare (chidzidzo chekare panyaya iyi chakaitwa naElizabeth Beeman, Beeman, 1947).
Zvichida hutsinye hwevanhu, sechisimba chemhuka, zvinoenderana nehomoni dzepabonde dzechirume? Ona →
Doro uye hasha
Musoro wekupedzisira wekuongorora kwangu kupfupi kwepesvedzero yezvipenyu zvinhu pahutsinye mhedzisiro yedoro. Yagara ichizivikanwa kuti zviito zvevanhu zvinogona kuchinja zvinoshamisa mushure mekunwa doro, kuti doro rinogona, mumashoko aShakespeare, "kuba pfungwa dzavo" uye, zvichida, kunyange "kuvashandura kuva mhuka."
Nhamba dzeutsotsi dzinoratidza ukama hwakajeka pakati pedoro nechisimba. Semuenzaniso, muzvidzidzo zvehukama huri pakati pekudhakwa nekuponda kwevanhu, doro rakatora chikamu muhafu kana kuti zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvemhondi dzose dzakanyorwa nemapurisa eUnited States mumakore achangopfuura. Zvinwiwa zvinodhakisa zvinopesvedzerawo marudzi akasiyana-siyana okusashamwaridzana nevanhu, kusanganisira kurwisana mudzimba. Ona →
pfupiso
Muchitsauko chino, ndaona nzira dzinoverengeka idzo maitiro ezvipenyu anokanganisa maitiro ehasha. Ndakatanga nekuongorora pfungwa yechinyakare yehukasha, kunyanya kushandiswa kweiyi pfungwa mudzidziso yepsychoanalytic yaSigmund Freud uye mune mamwe maumbirwo akafanana akaiswa pamberi naKonrad Lorenz. Pasinei nokuti izwi rokuti "musikirwo" harina kujeka uye rine zvirevo zvakasiyana-siyana, Freud naLorentz vakafunga kuti "hudzvinyiriri hunotyisa" kuva chido chekuda kuparadza munhu. Ona →
Chapter 13
Standard experimental procedure. Dzimwe nharo mukutsigira kuedza kwerabhoritari. Ona →