Berkowitz L. Psychological maitiro ekudzora hasha

Hasha dzinogona kudzorwa nechisimba, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Nemhoteredzo yakarurama iripo, nzanga inogona kuderedza utsotsi hwamasimba masimba kupfurikidza nokutyisidzira vangava vapari nekariro yechirango chisingadzivisiki. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haasati agadzirwa kwose kwose. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vangangove vapari vemhosva vanova nechivimbo chokuti vachakwanisa kunzvenga kutongwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyange kana vasingakwanisi kudzivisa chirango chakakodzera, ipapo migumisiro yaro yakaoma ichavabata kwenguva yakareba kunyange mushure mekuita kwechisimba kune uyo akabatwa, izvo zvakavaunza pfungwa yekugutsikana, uye se somugumisiro, maitiro avo ehasha achawana kumwe kusimbiswa.

Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwezvidziviriro chete kunogona kunge kusina kukwana. Zvechokwadi, mune zvimwe zviitiko, nzanga inosungirwa kushandisa simba, asi panguva imwe cheteyo, inofanira kuedza kuderedza kuratidzwa kwezvido zvehasha zvenhengo dzayo. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa chirongwa chakakosha chekugadzirisa. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzakapa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuishandisa.

Catharsis: Kuderedza Kukurudzira Kwechisimba Kuburikidza Nehasha Kuputika

Mitemo yechinyakare yehutsika haibvumiri kuratidzwa pachena kwehasha uye kunyangwe kunakidzwa nebasa rayo. Kudzvinyirirwa kwehasha kunotanga nechido chevabereki chekunyarara, kusapikisa, kusakakavara, kusadanidzira kana kupindira. Kana kurukurirano yehasha ikavharwa kana kudzvinyirirwa mune humwe hukama, hungave husina kurongeka kana kuti hunopfuurira, vanhu vanopinda muzvibvumirano zvinokanganisa, zvekusatendeseka. Manzwiro ane hasha, ayo kutaura kwekuziva mukati mehukama hwehukama kunorambidzwa, kamwe kamwe kuzviratidza mune imwe nzira mune inoshanda uye isingadzoreki fomu. Kana manzwiro akaunganidzwa uye akavanzika ekugumbuka uye ruvengo akabuda, iyo inonzi "kuwirirana" yehukama inongoerekana yaputsika (Bach & Goldberg, 1974, peji 114-115). Ona →

Catharsis hypothesis

Chitsauko chino chichatarisa mhedzisiro yehasha — maitiro ane chinangwa chekukuvadza mumwe munhu kana chimwe chinhu. Hasha dzinoratidzwa kungave nenzira yekutuka kana kutuka uye inogona kuva yechokwadi (kurova) kana yekufungidzira (kupfura muvengi wenhema nepfuti yekutambisa). Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti kunyangwe ndiri kushandisa pfungwa ye "catharsis", handisi kuedza kushandisa "hydraulic" modhi. Zvose zvandiri kufunga ndezvokuderedza chido chechisimba, kwete kuburitsa huwandu hwekufungidzira hwesimba rekutya. Saka, kwandiri uye nevamwe vazhinji (asi kwete zvese) vaongorori vepfungwa, pfungwa yekatarisi ine pfungwa yekuti chero chiito chehasha chinoderedza mukana wekuzotevera hutsinye. Ichi chikamu chinoongorora mibvunzo yekuti catharsis inoitika here, uye kana zvakadaro, pasi pemamiriro api. Ona →

Aftereffect yehasha chaiyo

Kunyange zvazvo utsinye hwekufungidzira husingaderedzi maitiro ehasha (kunze kwekunge kwaita kuti murwi wacho afare), mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, dzimwe nzira chaidzo dzokurwisa mutadzi dzichaderedza chido chokumukuvadza mune ramangwana. Zvisinei, iyo nzira yeiyi nzira yakaoma, uye usati wainzwisisa, iwe unofanirwa kujairana nezvimwe zvezvimiro zvayo. Ona →

Kugadzira Nzira Itsva dzeMaitiro

Kana tsananguro yataurwa muchikamu chapfuura iri yechokwadi, saka vanhu vanoziva nezvemamiriro avo ekumuka havazorambidze zviito zvavo kusvikira vatenda kuti hunhu hwehutsinye kana hukasha mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu hwakaipa uye hunogona kudzvinyirira hutsinye hwavo. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu havadi kusava nechokwadi nekodzero yavo yekurwisa vamwe vanhu uye havakwanisi kuzvidzora kubva pakupindura zviito zvinokurudzira. Kungonongedzera kuvarume navakadzi vakadaro kushatirwa kwavo kusingagamuchirwi hakuzokwani. Vanofanira kudzidziswa kuti kazhinji zviri nani kuva noushamwari pane kutyisidzira. Zvinogonawo kubatsira kupinza mavari unyanzvi hwekukurukurirana uye kuvadzidzisa kudzora manzwiro avo. Ona →

Zvakanakira Kushandirapamwe: Kuvandudza Kudzora Kwevabereki Kwevana Vane Dambudziko

Dzidzo yekutanga yatichatarisa yakagadziridzwa naGerald Patterson, John Reid, nevamwe vari paOregon Research Institute's Center for Social Learning. Chitsauko 6, pamusoro pekukura kwehasha, chakaongorora mhedzisiro dzakasiyana-siyana dzakawanikwa nemasayendisiti aya muchirongwa chekuongorora vana vanoratidza hunhu hwekusagarisana nevamwe. Zvisinei, sezvauchayeuka, chitsauko chino chakasimbisa basa rinoitwa mukukura kwevana vane chinetso chakadaro nezviito zvisina kururama zvevabereki. Maererano nevatsvakurudzi veOregon Institute, muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanababa naamai, nekuda kwemaitiro asina kunaka ekurera vana, ivo pachavo vakabatsira pakuumbwa kwemaitiro ehasha muvana vavo. Somuenzaniso, vaiwanzova vasingawirirani zvikuru mukuedza kwavo kuranga mufambiro wavanakomana navanasikana vavo—vakanga vasinganyanyi kuvabata navo, vakanga vasingakurudziri nguva dzose mabasa akanaka, vaiisa zvirango zvakanga zvisingakwaniriswi noukuru hwoushati. Ona →

Decrease emotional reactivity

Pasinei nekubatsira kwezvirongwa zvekupindira kwehunhu kune vamwe vanhu vane hasha kuti vadzidzise kuti vanogona kuwana mhedzisiro inodiwa kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe uye kuita nenzira ine hushamwari uye inotenderwa munharaunda, kuchine avo vanogara vakagadzirira kushandisa mhirizhonga kunyanya nekuda kwavo. kuwedzera kushatirwa uye kusakwanisa kuzvidzora. Parizvino, huwandu huri kuwedzera hwezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvepfungwa zviri kuvandudzwa nechinangwa chekushandura rudzi urwu rwekuita zvemanzwiro. Ona →

Chii chinogona kukanganisa vapari vemhosva vakasungwa?

Kusvika pari zvino tanga tichitaura nezve nzira dzekudzidzira patsva dzinogona kushandiswa uye dziri kutoshandiswa kune vanhu vasingauye mukunetsana pachena neveruzhinji, nemamwe mazwi, vasingatyore mitemo yayo. Asi zvakadini nevaya vakapara mhosva yechisimba uye vakazovharirwa mujeri? Vanogona kudzidziswa kudzora tsika dzavo dzechisimba nedzimwe nzira dzisiri tyisidziro yechirango here? Ona →

pfupiso

Chitsauko ichi chinoongorora dzimwe nzira dzisiri dzekuranga dzepfungwa dzekudzivisa hasha. Vamiririri vekutanga kwezvikoro zvesainzi zvakaonekwa zvinopokana kuti kusungirirwa kwekutsamwisa ndicho chikonzero chezvirwere zvakawanda zvekurapa uye zvemagariro. Vanachiremba vepfungwa vane maonero akadaro vanokurudzira vanhu kuti vataure vakasununguka manzwiro avo uye nokudaro vanowana cathartic effect. Kuti uongorore zvakakwana pfungwa iyi, zvakakosha kutanga pane zvose kuti uwane pfungwa yakajeka ye "kuratidzwa kwekusununguka kwekutsamwa", iyo inogona kuva nezvirevo zvakasiyana. Ona →

Chikamu 5. Pesvedzero yezvipenyu zvinhu pahutsinye

Chapter 12

Nyota yokuvenga nokuparadza? Vanhu vabatwa nepfungwa dzechisimba here? Chii chinonzi njere? Kutsoropodza pfungwa yechinyakare yemasikirwo. Heredity uye mahomoni. "Kuzvarirwa kumutsa hero"? pesvedzero yenhaka pahutsinye. Kusiyana kwepabonde mukuratidzwa kwehasha. Kufurira kwehomoni. Doro uye hasha. Ona →