Vamwe vanhu vanotaridzika sevakuru pane zera ravo, asi vamwe havadaro. Nei izvi zviri kuitika? Masayendisiti anobva kuChina akashuma zvakabuda muongororo inoratidza kubatana kwerimwe gene nekuchembera nguva isati yakwana. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwejini iri, rima pigment rinogadzirwa mumuviri. Zvinotendwa kuti nhangemutange yeCaucasus ine ganda jena yakaonekwa nekuda kwake. Nechikonzero ichi, zvinodikanwa kuti titarise zvakadzama hukama pakati pekuchembera uye shanduko yevachena vagari vemuEurope.
Vakawanda vedu tinoda kutaridzika vaduku kudarika zera redu, nokuti tine chokwadi chokuti zviri muhuduku, sechionioni, kuti utano hwomunhu hunoratidzwa. Kutaura zvazviri, sezvakaratidzwa nekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa nemasayendisiti ane mbiri kubva kuDenmark neUK, zera rekunze remunhu rinobatsira kuziva urefu hweupenyu hwake. Izvi zvine hukama zvakananga nekuvapo kwehukama pakati pehurefu hwetelomere, inova biomolecular marker, uye zera rekunze. Nyanzvi dzeGerontologists, dzinodanwawo kuti nyanzvi dzezvekuchembera pasi rose, dzinopikisa kuti nzira dzinosarudza kuchinja kukuru kwechitarisiko dzinoda kunyatsoongororwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kukudziridza nzira dzekupedzisira dzekuvandudza. Asi nhasi, nguva shoma uye zviwanikwa zvakatsaurirwa kukutsvakurudza kwakadaro.
Munguva ichangopfuura, chidzidzo chikuru chakaitwa neboka revasayendisiti veChinese, Dutch, British neGermany avo vari vashandi vemasangano makuru esayenzi. Chinangwa chake chaive chekutsvaga genome-wide associations kubatanidza extrinsic age kune majini. Kunyanya, izvi zvine chekuita nekuoma kwemakwinya kumeso. Kuti uite izvi, majenomes evanenge 2000 vanhu vakwegura muUK vakanyatsodzidza. Zvidzidzo zvaive vatori vechikamu muChidzidzo cheRotterdam, iyo inoitwa kuti ijekese zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa mamwe matambudziko muvanhu vakura. Anenge mamiriyoni masere ane imwe nucleotide polymorphisms, kana kuti SNPs chete, akaedzwa kuti aone kana paiva nehukama hune hukama nezera.
Kuonekwa kwe snip kunoitika kana uchichinja nucleotides pazvikamu zveDNA kana zvakananga mujini. Mune mamwe mazwi, iko shanduko inogadzira allele, kana musiyano wejini. Alleles anosiyana kubva kune mumwe mune akati wandei snips. Iwo ekupedzisira haana chaanoita pachinhu chero chipi zvacho, sezvo asingagoni kukanganisa zvikamu zvakakosha zveDNA. Muchiitiko ichi, kuchinja kunogona kubatsira kana kukuvadza, iyo inoshandawo pakukurumidza kana kuderedza kukwegura kweganda pachiso. Nokudaro, mubvunzo unomuka wekutsvaga imwe shanduko. Kuti uwane kushamwaridzana kwakakosha mujenome, zvaive zvakafanira kupatsanura zvidzidzo mumapoka kuti zvione kuti imwe nucleotide inotsiva inoenderana nemapoka chaiwo. Kuumbwa kwemapoka aya kwakaitika zvichienderana nemamiriro eganda pazviso zvevatori vechikamu.
Imwe kana kupfuura snip inowanzoitika kazhinji inofanira kunge iri mujini inotarisira zera rekunze. Nyanzvi dzakaita ongororo pavanhu 2693 kuti vawane snips inotaridza kuchembera kweganda rechiso, shanduko yechimiro chechiso uye ruvara rweganda, uye kuvepo kwemakwinya. Pasinei nokuti vatsvakurudzi vakanga vasingakwanisi kuona kushamwaridzana kwakajeka nemakwinya uye zera, zvakaonekwa kuti imwe nucleotide inotsiva inogona kuwanikwa muMC1R iri pane chromosome yegumi nematanhatu. Asi kana tikafunga nezvechikadzi uye zera, saka pane kushamwaridzana pakati pe alleles yejini iri. Vanhu vese vane machromosomes maviri, saka kune makopi maviri ejini rega rega. Mune mamwe mazwi, neyakajairwa uye inoshanduka MC1R, munhu achaita seakura negore, uye aine maviri mutant majini, nemakore maviri. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti jini inoonekwa seyakashandurwa ndeye allele isingakwanise kugadzira puroteni yakajairika.
Kuti vaedze mhedzisiro yavo, masayendisiti akashandisa ruzivo nezve vangangosvika mazana matanhatu evagari vemuDenmark, akatorwa kubva mumhedzisiro yekuyedza yaive nechinangwa chekuongorora wrinkles uye zera rekunze kubva pamufananidzo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, masayendisiti akafanoudzwa nezvezera rezvidzidzo zvacho. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakagoneka kumisikidza mubatanidzwa ne snips iri padyo sezvinobvira kune MC600R kana zvakananga mukati mayo. Izvi hazvina kumisa vaongorori, uye vakasarudza pane imwe kuyedza nekutora chikamu kwe1 vekuEurope. Panguva imwecheteyo, 1173% yezvidzidzo vaive vakadzi. Sekare, zera raibatanidzwa neMC99R.
Mubvunzo unomuka: chii chinoshamisa nezve MC1R gene? Izvo zvave zvichiratidzwa kakawanda kuti inokwanisa kukodha mhando 1 melanocortin receptor, iyo inobatanidzwa mune mamwe masaini maitiro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, eumelanin inogadzirwa, inova yakasviba pigment. Zvidzidzo zvekare zvakasimbisa kuti 80% yevanhu vane ganda rakanaka kana bvudzi dzvuku vane mutated MC1R. Kuvapo kwe spins mairi kunokanganisa kuonekwa kwemavara ezera. Zvakazoitikawo kuti ruvara rweganda runogona, kune imwe nhanho, kukanganisa hukama pakati pezera uye alleles. Hukama uhu hunonyanya kutaurwa kune avo vane ganda rakachenuruka. Kushamwaridzana kuduku kwakaonekwa kune vanhu vane ganda remuorivhi.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti MC1R inokanganisa kutaridzika kwezera, zvisinei nezera remavara. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti kushamwaridzana kunogona kunge kwakakonzerwa nezvimwe zvimiro zvechiso. Zuva rinogonawo kuva chinhu chinosarudza, sezvo ma<em>alleles anochinja-chinja anokonzera mavara matsvuku uye eyero asingakwanisi kudzivirira ganda pamwaranzi ye<em>ultraviolet. Pasinei neizvi, hapana panikiro pamusoro pesimba resonganiro. Sekureva kwevazhinji vaongorori, MC1R inokwanisa kudyidzana nemamwe majini anobatanidzwa mune oxidative uye kuzvimba maitiro. Kumwe kutsvagisa kunodiwa kufumura mamorekuru uye biochemical maitiro anosarudza kuchembera kweganda.