Ngatitangei tatsanangura izvozvo, kunyangwe nyaya iripo ichiwanikwa mune yedu Therapies gwara, kubereka hakuna NOT chirwere. Nzvimbo dzekuzvarwa dzinobva pamusimboti wekuti kuzvara chiitiko chepanyama uye vakadzi vane hutano vane zviwanikwa zvekuita sarudzo dzakavakodzera mumamiriro ezvinhu aya.

Chinangwa chenzvimbo dzekuberekerwa ndechekupa nharaunda yakakodzera yehunyanzvi iyo iri yemunhu uye yakasarudzika, ine vashandi vanokwanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemuviri, zvepfungwa uye zvepfungwa zvevanaamai nedenderedzwa ravo remukati. Ivo vakanangidzirwa kumukadzi nemhuri, nepo zvipatara zvakanangidzirwa kune "murwere". Aya madiki madiki ane makamuri mashoma ane hunhu hweimba yega, asi zvese zvivakwa zvinodiwa zvehutano hwehutano. Dzimwe nguva dzinonzi dzimba dzekuzvarwa autonomous sets kuvasiyanisa kubva kune "alternative" maternity services (makamuri ekuberekerwa), akagadzwa mune zvimwe zvipatara; muchirungu, tinovadaidza nzvimbo dzekuberekera ou nzvimbo dzekuberekera vana.

MuUnited States, imba yekutanga yekuzvarwa yakavambwa muna 1975, muNew York; vava kupfuura zana. MuEurope, bato iri rakatanga kuumbwa muGermany (muna 1987), tevere kuSwitzerland, Austria, Great Britain… MuFrance, zvimiro zvekuyedza, zvakasanganisirwa muchirongwa chekuberekesa vana 1998, zvichiri kumirira chiedza chegirini kubva kuhurumende. .

MuQuebec, parizvino mune nomwe dzeidzi dzimba. Ivo vakanamatira kuCLSCs (nzvimbo dzenharaunda dzenharaunda) pasi pechiremera cheQuebec Ministry of Health and Social Services. Vese vanopa masevhisi anotevera pasina muripo:

• Kuzadzisa maternity kutevera

     - Yakasarudzika prenatal yekutevera.

     – Kusununguka (rubatsiro panguva yese yekuzvara).

     – Kutevera amai mushure mekusununguka nemwana, kusanganisira kushanya kumba.

• 24 awa runhare rutsigiro.
• Collective prenatal misangano.
• Collective postnatal musangano
• Basa rekubatsira-natal.
• Documentation centre.
• Information manheru.

Kunyange zvazvo, kubvira mambakwedza enguva, kuberekwa kwagara kuchiitika kumba, pakati pevakadzi, nzanga yezvokurapa munyika dzokuMadokero yakatora zvishoma nezvishoma. MuQuebec, ndiko kumisikidzwa kwemitemo mitsva uye masangano edzidzo anotonga maitiro ekurapa uye kudzidziswa, muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.^e zana remakore, iro rinozivisa kunyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma kwavananyamukuta. Muna 1847, mutemo wekugadzira College of Physicians wakavapa kutonga pamusoro pemapindiro ane chekuita nekuzvara mwana. Gare gare, zvekudzivirira zvinozova nyanzvi yekurapa. Kubva kuma1960, dzinenge kuberekwa kwese kwakaitika muzvipatara.

Mukati ma1970, nezvinodikanwa zvinosvika kure, vakadzi vakatsvaka kuwanazve mutoro nokudzora pamusoro penzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzoupenyu hwavo, kubatanidza kubereka mwana. Basa remamwe masayendisiti anoona nezvevanhu, akadai senyanzvi yokuzvara yokuFrance Frédéric Leboyer (munyori we Zvekubereka pasina chisimba) zvakabatsira zvikuru kuti nzira iyi ive pamutemo.

Yatarisana nedzvinyiriro yavose uye yakapiwa kuoma musoro kwevamwe vananyamukuta kuti vadzidzise basa ravo, hurumende yeQuebec yakagamuchira, muna 1990, Mutemo wokuremekedza muitiro wanyamukuta sorutivi rwegadziriro dzokuedza. Muna 1999, National Assembly yakavhota kuti itambire Bhiri rechimakumi maviri nemasere rekuita vananyamukuta, iro raibvumidza bumbiro remitemo yeunyanzvi hune nhengo dzichawana hunyanzvi hwekuita mabasa ega uye huchatongwa neMitemo yemabasa.¹

Kubva pakodzero yekuita vananyamukuta kunouya imwe kodzero, yakakosha maererano nemapoka akawanda ekumanikidza, yevakadzi nemhuri yekusarudza nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yemwana wavo. MuQuebec, vana nyamukuta vanosunungukira kumba vachiperekedzwa nemutemo kubva muna Chivabvu 2004.¹⁰

Kusvika kunzvimbo dzekuberekera kwakachengeterwa vatengi vasingaratidzi njodzi, vane nhumbu iri kuitika semazuva ese uye vasingatarisirwe kudiwa kwekubatsirwa panguva yekusununguka kana kusununguka (kureva ruzhinji rwevakadzi). Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwetsvakiridzo yeAmerica, nzira yekusarudza inoitwa nenzvimbo dzekuberekesa zvinogoneka inobvumira vakadzi vane nhumbu dzakajairwa kuti vadzivise maitiro ekudzivirira akagadzirirwa nhumbu dzine njodzi.². Kana zvisiri madikanwa, miitiro iyi inogona kukanganisa kusununguka kwakanaka uye kune rugare kwekuzvara.

Kune mutengi uyu, ongororo yekuAmerica yakaratidza kuti nzvimbo dzekuberekerwa dzinenge dzakachengeteka sezvipatara. Chidzidzo ichi, chakatsikiswa ne New England Journal yeMedecine muna 1989, yakaitwa munzvimbo 84 dzekuberekera apo vakadzi gumi nemumwe vakanga vasununguka³; uyezve, chiyero chekugutsikana kwevatengi vakaongororwa chakasvika 98%.

Muchidzidzo chekuenzanisa chakatevera, chakaitwa pakati peboka iri uye 2 vakadzi vane pamuviri vane panjodzi shoma vakasunungurira muchipatara, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti avo vanosunungurira muchipatara vaiwanzowana rubatsiro rwevanopindira, pasina chero 'Izvi zvinoguma nerubatsiro kwavari. kana vacheche vavo.⁴

Muongororo yayo yekuongorora panguva yekutangwa kwenzvimbo dzekuberekera, hurumende yeQuebec yakasimbisa kuti mamwe matambudziko anogona kudzikiswa nekuda kwerudzi rwekutarisisa kunoitwa nenzvimbo dzekuberekera, kusanganisira nguva isati yakwana uye kuberekwa kwevana vadiki. uremu. Akataurawo kuti tsika yevananyamukuta inogona kuva nemigumisiro inobatsira, yakadai sekuderedza kupindira kwekudzivirira munguva ye-pre- uye perinatal period (shoma ultrasounds, kuputika kwekugadzira membrane, kushandiswa kwe oxytocics, cesarean section, forceps, episiotomies uye perineal misodzi ye iyo 3^e uye 4^e degree, pakati pevamwe)⁵.

Maererano nokumwe tsvakurudzo, nhamba yenzufu yakatoderera munzvimbo dzokusunungukira pane muzvipatara, nokuda kweboka revakadzi vane pamuviri chaipo.⁶

Kubatanidzwa kwezvidzidzo zvitanhatu (zvinosanganisira vangangoita vakadzi ve9) zvakaitwa mu000 neYunivhesiti yeToronto, zvisinei, hazvina kuratidza kuderedzwa kwekufa munzvimbo yekuzvarwa. Kana ari mamwe mabhenefiti anocherechedzwa mune ino mamiriro, munyori anoti anogona kunge ari kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kutarisisa kwevatengi nevachengeti kune yambiro zviratidzo zvematambudziko.⁷

• Nekuda kwekukura kwavo, zvimwe zvirwere zvakadai seshuga, kana kubata pamuviri kwakaoma, vamwe vakadzi (pasi pe10%) havagone kugamuchirwa munzvimbo yekuzvarwa. Vananyamukuta vanodzidziswa kuona nhumbu dzine njodzi huru.

MuQuebec, parizvino kune nzvimbo nhanhatu dzekuzvarwa, kuwedzera kune Povungnituk Maternity. Masevhisi avo anofukidzwa nehurongwa hweinishuwarenzi yehutano, sezvakaita iwo enzvimbo dzezvipatara. Vanopa ruzivo manheru. Kune dzimba dzeEurope, unogona kuwana ruzivo pane akati wandei mawebhusaiti. Ona pazasi.

Nzvimbo ine runyararo uye inonakidza uko, kunze kwemakamuri ekurara, kune imba yenharaunda, hofisi yekubvunzana, nzvimbo yezvinyorwa (kuyamwisa, kudya kunovaka muviri, psychology, vaccination, nezvimwewo), kicheni uye nzvimbo yekutamba yevana. Kudya uye svutugadzike zvinogadzirwa nevashandi.

Nyamukuta ane basa rekutevera kubva pakutanga kwemimba kusvika mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana; nyamukuta wechipiri anomubatsira panguva yekusununguka uye anopa misangano yekutevera mushure mekusununguka. Iyo yakazara ye12 kusvika kumisangano ye15 yeanenge maminetsi makumi mana nemashanu, nguva dzose nevanhu vanoziva uye vanoziva nezvefaira.

Mudzimai (kana mumwe munhu) anogona kuenda kumatanho ese; vanhu vanopfuura mumwe vanogona kunge varipo pakuzvarwa.

Kusununguka kunoitika muimba yakagadzikana uye yepedyo ine midziyo inodiwa kuitira kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwaamai nemwana. Inosanganisirawo: imba yekugezera yakazara, mubhedha kaviri, stereo system, runhare, nezvimwe.

Mukadzi ane sarudzo huru yezvinzvimbo zvekuzvara.

Kuongororwa kwekufambira mberi kwebasa panguva yekusununguka kunoitwa maererano nemitemo inozivikanwa mune zvekudzivirira uye maererano nemirairo pamusoro pematambudziko ekudzivirira uye neonatal.

Kana pakaitika matambudziko, nyamukuta anobvumirwa kupindira; anogona kukumbira kubvunzurudzwa nachiremba kana kuronga kuendeswa kuchipatara chechipatara nekukurumidza uye zvakachengeteka. Panyaya yekutamiswa, nyamukuta anoperekedza amai nemwana voramba vachichengeta kusvika pakurapwa.

Maminitsi anotevera kusununguka anoratidzwa nekudzikama, kudziya uye kutariswa zvine hungwaru nanyamukuta anoramba kwemaawa angangoita matatu ari panzvimbo mushure mekusvika kwemwana kuti atarise mamiriro ehutano hwake uye hwaamai, uye kubatsira pakuyamwisa kwekutanga. . Pashure pacho, mushandi wepakuberekwa anopa rubatsiro rwakakodzera munguva yose yekugara (kubva pamaawa matanhatu kusvika kumaawa makumi maviri nemana, zvichienderana nemhosva).

MuQuebec, kubva pakagamuchirwa Bill 28 pakuita vananyamukuta, iYunivhesiti yeQuebec kuTrois-Rivières (UQTR) inopa chirongwa chebhaccalaureate mukuita vananyamukuta, kudzidziswa kwemakore mana.⁸.

Kuti vave nekodzero yekudzidzira, vananyamukuta vekuQuebec vanosungirwa kuti vave vechikwata chenyanzvi, Order of Midwives of Quebec (OSFQ)⁹.

Vananyamukuta vese vane rezinesi rekudzidzira vakaongororwa nekubvumidzwa kuita komiti yakabatana neLaval University Health Science Assessment Center. Vanopfuura makumi mashanu ekudzidzira munharaunda yeQuebec.

Brabant Isabelle. Kuzvara kunofadza, Éditions Saint-Martin, 1991. Shanduro itsva yakadzokororwa uye yakagadziridzwa: 2001.

Bhuku rizere nemoyo nehungwaru rakanyorwa nemumwe we vatungamiriri yesangano rekucherechedzwa kwevananyamukuta muQuebec, vane mapikicha akanaka edema nechena.

Grégoire Lysane naSt-Amant Stéphanie (Dir). Pamwoyo wekuzvarwa: zvipupuriro uye pfungwa pamusoro pekuzvara mwana, Editions du remue-household, Canada, 2004.

Vabereki vanotaura nezvekuzvarwa kwevana vavo nekuzvarwa kwemwana muchipatara, munzvimbo yekuzvarwa kana kumba. Nyaya dzakapfuma uye dzinobaya mwoyo, dzakapindirwa neruzivo rwunokuchidzira gakava pamusoro pekurapwa kwekuzvara mwana. a fanira kuvabereki vachauya.

Frederic Leboyer. Zvekubereka pasina chisimba, The Threshold, 1974.

Iyo yakanaka classic inobvumira vabereki kuti vanzwisise manzwiro uye shanduko yenzvimbo iyo mwana achangozvarwa anosangana nayo panguva yekuzvarwa, uye kugadzirira kuzvara zvinoenderana. Yakanyatso kuratidzwa.

Vadeboncoeur Helen. Imwe cesarean? Kwete ndatenda, Quebec-America, 1989.

Iri bhuku rinobata nezvekuzvarwa kwemukadzi mushure mekuvhiyiwa (VBAC). Inoratidza kuti vakadzi vose vakave nechikamu cheKesariya vanogona kuedza kubereka kusununguka. Yakazadzwa neruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye nhamba, ine zvakare makumi maviri ezvipupuriro kubva kuvakadzi kana vakaroora vakawana VBAC.

Iyo Périnatalité.info saiti (www.perinatalite.info) inopa muchikamu chayo Kuti udzidze zvakawanda bhuku rakapfuma uye rinonakidza rakanyorwa mabhuku nemavhidhiyo. Ongorora zvakare thematic katalog yePasseportSanté.net raibhurari.

Birth Centers Online

Yakanakisa saiti yeAmerican Association yeBirthing Centers, kunyanya yakatsanangurwa.

www.birthcenters.org

Doulas - Tsigira kuberekwa

Nzvimbo yekutanga yeFrench boka re doulas. A doula mukadzi ane basa rekubatsira mumwe mukadzi nevaanomuperekedza panguva yekuzvitakura, pakusununguka nepashure pekusununguka, nekuda kweruzivo rwake uye kudzidziswa kwake. Zvisinei, haasi nyamukuta.

www.doulas.info

Nourri-Source Quebec Federation

Ruzivo pamusoro pekuyamwisa uye network yevanozvipira "mazano ekuyamwisa".

www.nourri-source.org

Mimosa birth centre

Yakanakisa saiti yeimba chete munzvimbo yeQuebec City. Pane ruzivo rwakakura uye zvinongedzo ipapo.

www.mimosa.qc.ca

Naissance.ws

Nzvimbo yeruzivo pamusoro pezviri kuitika pakuzvarwa munyika dzinotaura chiFrench. Rine dhairekitori remasangano akawanda.

www.fraternet.org

NPO Vananyamukuta

Sangano revananyamukuta vekuFrance vari kushanda kugadzira nzvimbo dzekuberekerwa. Acronym yavo inomiririra Neuroscience uye Psychology pasevhisi yeObstetrics.

www.nposagesfemmes.org

Kuzvara kunofadza

Yakanyanya up-to-date French saiti ine ruzivo rwakawanda, kero uye zvinongedzo.

www.chez.com

Birth-Renaissance grouping

Iri sangano reQuebec reruzivo, kudzidziswa, dzidzo uye tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekuchengeta perinatal rave richishanda zvakanyanya kwemakore akati wandei. Inobatanidza masangano akawanda.

www.naissance-renaissance.qc.ca

Quebec network yevashandi vekuzvarwa

Mharidzo izere uye ine ruvara rwerubatsiro rwunopihwa nevaperekedzi: rubatsiro rwekuzvara, mushure mekusununguka nekuzvara mwana, mazano emarudzi ese, rutsigiro rwekuyamwisa, kugovana manzwiro, nezvimwe zvakawanda.

www.naissance.ca