Bleak hove: mufananidzo uye tsananguro, kupi kuwana, sei kubata

Bleak - hove duku ndeyemhuri yecarp uye inotungamirira mararamiro epelagic muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemvura, madhamu akasiyana-siyana. Mhando iyi yehove inosiyaniswa neiyo yega genus yezita rimwechete, iro rinosanganisira mamwe epedyo subspecies. Bleak, kuwedzera kune zita rayo guru, rine mamwe akawanda, akadai se perch, sebel, silyavka, buckle, shakleya, top melter.

Zita rehove rakaipa

Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringa rima nemazita emamwe marudzi ehove, kunyanya kubva mukusaziva. The bleak inowanzonzi:

• Chebak, zita rinoreva roach yeSiberia.
• Sprats, asi kutaura zvazviri iGungwa Dema kana Baltic sprat.
• Maziso machena, asi chaizvoizvo iyo inonzi sapu hove.
• mavanga. Zita iri rinopihwa hove inovava.
• Bystryanka, inogara munzizi dzine mvura yakachena, ine okisijeni.
• Verkhovka, iyo inonzi oatmeal.

Zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa rima, misoro uye kutsanya zvakafanana kune mumwe nemumwe kana iwe uchiziva nhamba yezviyero munzvimbo ye lateral line: 52-55, 12-14 uye 44-50. Kune huwandu hwezvimwe zviratidzo zvine chekuita nehukuru, maitiro uye zvimwe zvinhu izvo hove idzi dzinogona kusiyaniswa.

Bleak: tsananguro

Bleak ihove duku ine hupenyu hupfupi, makore 5-6 chete, zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yecarp, yakadai secrucian carp, iyo inogona kurarama kusvika kumakore gumi nemaviri, roach nehupenyu hunosvika makore makumi maviri. , carp, inorarama makore anenge 12. Iyo yakareba kureba kwerima ndeye 20 cm, ine huremu husingapfuuri 35 gramu. Kunyangwe zvisingawanzo, zvakakura, trophy vanhu vanowanikwa, vanorema kusvika 15 magiramu uye anosvika 60 cm kureba. Izvi zvinotevera zvinoonekwa sehunhu kune rima:

• Muviri hauna kukwirira, asi wakareba, une musana wakatwasuka uye nedumbu rakati dzungu.
• Muswe unopera mufin hombe rakasviba rine kucheka kwakadzika.
• Mativi ekusviba akatsikirirwa zvakasimba.
• Zviyero zvehove iyi zvine ruvara rwesimbi rine kupera kwegirazi.
• Kumashure kune grey-blue neolive tint.
• Dumbu rakareruka.
• Mafins aya anosiyaniswa neashy kana kuti pale yellowish tint.

Chimiro chekusviba ndechekuti zvikero zvaro zvinobviswa nyore kana zvasangana nevhu rakaoma. Nokudaro, hazvisi zvakaoma kuchenesa hove iyi, zvakakwana kuikuya nemunyu mumudziyo mukuru.

Hove dzePelagic dzine chirongwa chekare chemavara ekumusoro kwakasviba uye akareruka mazasi kuti azvidzivirire kubva kumhuka dzepasi uye shiri munzvimbo dzakajeka dzakajeka.

upenyu

Kubva pakutanga kwechirimo kusvika mukupera kwematsutso, rima (sebel) rinogara pakadzika kusvika masendimita makumi manomwe kubva pamusoro pemvura. Inotungamirira boka rezvipenyu, saka inofamba-famba mudhamu iri mumapoka makuru ichitsvaka zvokudya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo hove dzinodya dzinowanikwa mudhamu, dzakasvibirira dzinoumba mapoka maduku asingaonekwe kune zvikara uye anonyanya kufambiswa. Kunyange zvazvo hove yacho isiri yakakura, ine sprint performance yakanaka, iyo inobvumira kuti irarame mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akadaro.

Iyo yakasviba inosarudza nzvimbo dzakachena uye dzakadzika kukurumidza kubva pakurwiswa kwechikara. Naizvozvo, rima harifariri nzvimbo dzakakura nezvinomera zvemumvura, izvo zvinova chipingamupinyi pakukurumidza kufamba kwehove iyi.

Kuti zvizviwanire choga chokudya, kusviba kunokwira pedyo nechepamusoro pedhamu, uko kunobata tumbuyu panhunzi kana kuti kuedza kuzviwisira pasi nepfapfaidzo. Panguva imwe chete, anosvetuka kubva mumvura. Anoita zvakafanana pamazuva ane makore, apo mapoka e midges nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinobhururuka pedyo nechepamusoro pemvura nekuda kwemapapiro anorema kubva muhunyoro. Apo, nokuda kwechikonzero chakati, zvipembenene zvinozviwana zviri mumvura, zvinokurumidza kuva zvokudya, zvose zviri zviviri nokuda kwokusviba uye nokuda kwedzimwe hove. Nekuuya kwemamiriro ekunze anotonhora chaiwo, rima (sebel) rinofamba kusvika pakadzika. Munguva yechando, kusviba kuri munzvimbo yakamiswa uye inomirira kunze kutonhora mumakomba echando ari padivi pevamwe vamiriri vecyprinids. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kusvika pakutonhora.

Habitat

Iyi hove diki inogara munenge mese miviri yemvura, iyo inosiyaniswa nekusavapo kwemasango akasimba ezvinomera, pamwe nekuvapo kwemhepo isina simba. Panguva imwecheteyo, inokwanisa kugara mumvura yemvura ine mamiriro akasiyana ekushisa. Anonzwa zvakanaka mumadhamu ane mvura inodziya uye inotonhora.

Nzizi dzakadzikama dzakaderera dzinosangana nemamiriro ese ayo sebel inonzwa yakasununguka. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabhangi akapfava uye chiteshi chemhepo chinofanira kunge chiripo mudura. Haina kugadzikana pakusviba kana mvura isina kuzara neokisijeni, uye mune yakawanda algae inoyangarara mudziva. Panyaya iyi, kusviba hakuzombowaniki mumadziva kana madziva ane mvura isingayerere.

Chikafu chisina kunaka

Iyo yakasviba inonyanya kudya pa zooplankton, iyo inofamba muchikamu chemvura uye inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kweiyo huru yekudya zvinosanganiswa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, rima racho rinogona kubata zvimwe zvipembenene zvinofamba pedyo nemvura, pamusoro pemvura, kana kuzviwana zviri mumvura pashure pokudonha kubva mumiti. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinogona kuva:

• Umhutu, nhunzi, midges.
• Dolgonozhki, mokritsy, wave.
• Butterflies, papillons, shumba.
• Vanodya madzinde, phorids, tahini.

Kana ma<em>mayflies akawanda achibhururuka, murima unodya tumbuyu chete. Iyi hove diki inogonawo kudya chikafu chezvirimwa chinounzwa neazvino, pamwe nealgae, kunyangwe mune zvishoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakasviba hairambi chirauro chinopihwa kwairi, muchimiro chemukanyiwa, ndove worm, bloodworm kana mago.

Zvakaipa sei

Pakusvika kureba kwe5-7 cm, izvo zvinogoneka mugore rechipiri kana rechitatu rehupenyu, hove iyi inova yakakura pabonde. Kana tembiricha yemvura ichikwira kusvika + 2-3 madhigirii, kusviba kunotanga kumera pakadzika pasi, mune akati wandei (anenge 15). Clutch yega yega inogona kuva kubva pa17 kusvika ku4 zviuru mazai. Mumamiriro ekunze anodziya, kubereka kunogona kupera mumazuva mashoma. Kana chitubu chichitonhora uye chakareba, kubereka kunogona kutora mwedzi, kana kupfuura.

Bleak inobereka zvakanyanya, sezvo kune mazai anosvika mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu pagiramu rehuremu. Mazai acho anonamira, saka anobatwa zvakachengetedzeka pazvirimwa, pa snags uye pane chero hwaro hwakasimba. Mazai, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, anokura kwemazuva manomwe. Sezvo dzazvarwa, hove dzinorasika dzichiita mapoka uye dzinotanga kudya paplankton. Mugore rekutanga rehupenyu, rima rinogona kukura kusvika masendimita mashanu, richiwana uremu hunenge magiramu masere.

Mhando dzerima

Iyo Azov-Black Sea shemaya inoonekwa sehama yepedyo yerima. Shemaya inokura pakureba kusvika masendimita makumi matatu nemashanu uye inorema kusvika 35 gramu. Sezvo mutemo, kune vanhu vanorema zvishoma kudarika 800 gramu muhove. Shemaya yakawana zita rayo nekuda kwekunaka kwayo. Yakaturikirwa kubva kuPezhiya, shemaya ihove yehumambo. Hugaro hwehove dzehumambo hunovhara nzizi dziri chikamu chemabheseni eBlack, Azov neCaspian Seas, pamwe nenzvimbo shoma dzemugungwa dzine saline dzemakungwa mamwechete. Kudya kweshemai kunosanganisira zvipembenene, zooplankton, crustaceans, makonye, ​​mhute nehove duku, kunyange zvishoma. Kuonekwa kweshemai hakuna kumbosiyana nekusviba, kunze kwehukuru, muviri wakafara uye ruvara rweorenji rwepectoral fins.

Nzira dzekubata rima

Sezvo rima (sebel) risingasiyani muhukuru hwakakosha, saka kuti uibate iwe unoda mwenje wekuyangarara netambo yekuredza ine dhayamita ye0,14-0,16 mm uye leash ine ukobvu hwe0,1 kusvika. 0,12 mm. Pamusana pemamiriro ekubata hove, hazvidikanwi kushandisa mutungamiri mutete, kunyange zvazvo zvichibvira kuita pasina mutungamiri zvachose. Nomuzvarirwo, iwe unozoda chiedza uye chinonyunguduka chinoyangarara, senge feather yehanzi, inorema isingasviki 3 gramu. Hooks ichafanirwawo kushandiswa zvishoma, kwete kupfuura Nha. 16-20 pachiyero chepasi rose. Sechiredzo, unogona kushandisa gonye reropa, gonye kana ndove worm, kwete muzvidimbu zvakakura. Kazhinji kudzika kunogadzirirwa kusvika masendimita gumi (zvishoma), sezvo sebel inoda kudyisa inenge iri pamusoro pemvura. Bleak inogona kubatwa nenhunzi kana kuruka tsvimbo uchishandisa nhunzi kana mayfly sechirauro.

Yakabatwa rima inogona kuiswa pamba mu aquarium. Pamusoro pezvo, kusviba kunogona kushanda sechirauro chakanakisa chekubata hove hombe dzinodya, sezvo iri iyo inofanirwa mukudya kwechero hove dzinodya.

Iyo gastronomic data yehove diki iyi inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Kana iwe ukagadzira chikafu chemumagaba kubva mairi mumatomatisi kana mafuta, saka ichi chikafu chaicho. Mukuwedzera, kusviba kunogona kusvuta, kuomeswa, fried, stewed, etc. Mune mamwe mazwi, pasinei nekukura kwayo kuduku, unogona kubika chero ndiro kubva mairi.

Kubata kwakasvibira netsvimbo yakayangarara chiono chinoshamisa sezvo kurumwa kuchitevera chimwe pashure pechimwe. Kana iwe ukabata hove iyi nemaune, haungambosiiwa usina kubata. Muawa iwe unogona kubata mazana ehove, kubva kwaunogona kuwana mufaro mukuru.