Kana tichinakidzwa neshuga, tinowanzo kukanganwa kubvunza nemaitiro eichi chinhu chemashiripiti chinowanikwa mumakeke edu, mukapu kana girazi. Sezvo mutemo, shuga haibatanidzi nehutsinye. Nehurombo, kubvira 1812, shuga yakasanganiswa nehutsinye mazuva ese. Pakutanga kuona, shuga inoratidzika sechigadzirwa chemiriwo chete; shure kwezvose, inobva kune chirimwa. Shuga yakacheneswa - rudzi runoshandiswa mukofi, shortcrust pastry, uye keke ingredients - inogadzirwa kubva kunzimbe kana beet. Mhando mbiri idzi dzeshuga dzinenge dzakafanana seti yezvikafu, zvine kuravira kwakafanana. Zvisinei, maitiro avo ekuchenesa akasiyana. Nzira yekuchenesa shuga inoita sei? Kugadzira shuga yetafura kubva munzimbe, mashanga enzimbe anopwanyika kuti aparadzanise muto kubva pahuputi. Muto unogadzirwa uye unopisa; crystallization inoitika, uye ipapo crystalline mass inonatswa uye yakasvibiswa nebhonzo char, semugumisiro wekuti tinowana mhandara yakachena shuga. Uyezve, sesefa, marasha emapfupa, kunyanya mapfupa emhuru nemhuru anoshandiswa. Mapfupa emombe anopwanywa uye anopiswa patembiricha ye400 kusvika 500 degrees Celsius. Mukugadzirwa kweshuga, pfupa yakapwanyika inoshandiswa sesefa, iyo inotora tsvina yemavara uye tsvina. Mumatangi ese makuru esefa anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, anosvika zviuru makumi manomwe emamita emabhonzo char anogona kuwanikwa zviri nyore. Huwandu hwesefa iyi hunowanikwa kubva pamapfupa emombe dzinosvika makumi manomwe nesere. Makambani eshuga anotenga huwandu hwakawanda hwebhonzo char nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati; kutanga, kune zvikero zvakakura mazvinoshanda nazvo. Giant commercial filter columns inogona kuita 78 kusvika 10 feet kureba uye 40 kusvika 5 feet wide. Zvakadaro mudziyo wega wega unogona kusefa magaroni makumi matatu eshuga paminiti mazuva mashanu pasvondo unobata makirogiramu mashanu emarasha. Kana mhou imwe chete ikashandiswa kugadzira mapondo mapfumbamwe emarasha, uye anenge makirogiramu makumi manomwe achidiwa kuzadza sefa, ipapo masvomhu akareruka anoratidza kuti zvinotora mapfupa emombe dzinosvika mazana manomwe nemazana masere kuti abudise bhonzo char kune imwe chete yekutengesa sefa. . Mafekitari mazhinji anoshandisa makoramu akati wandei makuru kuchenesa shuga. Shuga yakachena yakachena haisi iyo chete inotapira iyo inonatswa sezvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Kunyange shuga yebrown inofambiswa nemazimbe emapfupa nechinangwa chekuchenesa. Shuga yehupfu isanganiswa yeshuga yakanatswa uye starch. Patinodya shuga yakacheneswa, hatigamuchiri chikafu chemhuka, asi tinobhadhara mari kune vanogadzira marasha emapfupa. Muchokwadi, shuga pachayo haina zvidimbu zvemazimbe emapfupa, asi inosangana navo. Zvinoda kuziva kuti shuga yakanatswa inozivikanwa sechigadzirwa chekosher - chaizvo nechikonzero chekuti haina mapfupa. Bone charcoal inokubvumira kuti uchenese shuga, asi haisi chikamu chayo. Zvisinei, inofanira kuyeukwa kuti kutengeswa kwekuurayiwa kwezvigadzirwa, kusanganisira mapfupa, ropa uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvakadai sematendon (semu gelatin), zvinobvumira vanouraya mhuka kuti vaite mari kubva mumarara avo uye varambe vachibatsira.
Kune chikamu chikuru, mapfupa emombe ekunatsa shuga anobva kuAfghanistan, India, Argentina, Pakistan. Mafekitari anoagadzira kuita bhonzo char vozoatengesa kuUnited States nedzimwe nyika. Nyika zhinji dzeEurope, pamwe neAustralia neNew Zealand, dzakarambidza kushandiswa kwebhonzo char kunatsa shuga. Zvisinei, kana uchitenga zvigadzirwa mune ipi zvayo yenyika idzi, munhu haagoni kuva nechokwadi chokuti shuga iri mairi yaigadzirwa munharaunda. Haisi shuga yese inowanikwa munzimbe inonatswa nemarasha emapfupa. Reverse osmosis, ion exchange, kana marasha ekugadzira anogona kunyatso shandiswa pachinzvimbo chemarasha emapfupa. Zvinosuruvarisa, nzira idzi dzichiri kudhura. Bone charcoal filtration haishandiswe mukugadzirwa kweshuga yebeet nekuti iyi shuga yakanatswa haidi decolorization seshuga yenzimbe. Iyo beetroot juice inotorwa uchishandisa diffusion apparatus uye yakasanganiswa nekuwedzera, izvo zvinoguma nekristalllization. Vegetarians vanogona kugumisa kuti kune mhinduro iri nyore kune dambudziko - ingoshandisa shuga yebeet, asi rudzi urwu rweshuga rune ruvara rwakasiyana neshuga yehuga, iyo inoda kuchinja mune zvinyorwa uye inoita kuti nzira yekubika iwedzere kuoma. Kune mamwe mashuga enzimbe anopupurirwa asingashandisi bhonzo char mukugadzira, pamwe chete nemafuta anotapira asina kutorwa kubva kunzimbe kana kunatswa nebhonzo char. Semuenzaniso: Xylitol (Birch Shuga) Agave Juice Stevia Mepu Sirapi Coconut Palm Shuwa Muto Wemuchero Unobata Date Shuga