Canadian spruce

Canadian spruce (Picea glauca) inozivikanwa kune varimi segrey spruce kana chena spruce. Aya mazita anoratidza hunoshamisa hwetsono - pasi payo ine bluish-white ruvara. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa yakasiyana-siyana yeCanada spruce ndeye Konika. Zvisinei, mumamiriro ekunze, mamwe marudzi akawanda akabudirirawo kukura.

Iro nyika yeCanada spruce ndiyo North America, kwaunogona kuwana mienzaniso yemakore mazana matatu. Tichitarisa mhando dzakasvibirira dzeCanadian spruce, dzinonyanya kukura muminda yedu, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti muzvisikwa uyu muti muhombe 300-25 m kureba, uye unogona kukura kunyangwe mumamiriro akaoma eAlaska (35) .

Canadian spruce marudzi

Zvisikwa uye kuedza kwevarimi zvakapa varimi zvakawanda zvakanaka, dzimwe nguva zviduku, miti yeKisimusi ine chimiro chakasiyana-siyana chekorona. Mazhinji acho machinjiro eanonyanyozivikanwa eCanada spruce, Konik. 

Rudzi rwetsono dzeCanada spruce harisi bluish-bhuruu chete, asiwo rakasvibira rakasvibirira. Saizi diki, yakapfava fluffy tsono, ruvara palette - aya hunhu anoita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa zvakanyanya Canadian spruce mukugadzira mamiriro. 

Canadian spruce inonzwa zvakaenzana mugungwa, pane hunyoro mamiriro ekunze, uye munzvimbo dzakaoma. Zvisinei, havasi vose vanokura zvinobudirira munzvimbo dzakawanda. Uye chikonzero chacho hachina kunyanya muchando, asi mune simba risina simba rekutsungirira kupisa kwezuva munguva yechando uye kutanga kwechirimo.

Alberta Globe. Chirimwa chidiki chinosvika 1 m kureba nekorona yakatenderera inosvika 1,2 m muhupamhi, ine yakapfava inopenya yegirinhi tsono. Izvo hazvingotaridzike saKonika, asi shanduko yemhando iyi. 

Frost resistance is avhareji, inoshingirira kutonhora kusvika -32 ° С. Inokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine zuva, asi yakanyatsokodzera nzvimbo dzine mumvuri wakajeka. Inoda kudiridza nguva dzose uye mulching yehunde dzemiti. 

Chimiro checoniferous chirimwa cheminda ine matombo kana kukura mumidziyo.

Echiniformis (Echiniformis). Iyo inoonekwa seyakanyanya kudiki uye inononoka kukura akasiyana: nezera re30 isingapfuuri 0,6 m kureba uye 1 m padhayamita. Korona inotenderera, asi inova yakapfava nekufamba kwenguva, ndosaka ichiwanzonzi piro spruce. Tsono dzakatetepa uye dzakapfupika, dzakasvibira-bhuruu.

Frost resistance is avhareji, inoshingirira kutonhora kusvika -32 ° С. Inoda nzvimbo inopenya, ivhu rakanyoroveswa, kudiridza nguva dzose uye mulching kumativi ehunde.

Iyo yakanaka coniferous chirimwa chematombo uye heather magadheni, mixborders.

Aya marudzi maviri uye Konika ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevarimi, asi iwe unofanirwa kuterera kune vamwe:

• bluewonder) - ine yakamanikana conical korona yeruvara rwebluish, pazera re30 inosvika kureba kwemamita maviri, muhupamhi hwekorona - 2 m; 
• Muraraungu Kupera (Kupera kwemuraraungu) - chirimwa chakasvibirira chine korona yakaita sekoni kusvika 1 m kureba ine tsono dzakasvibirira muchirimo uye yero inopenya muzhizha;
• Sanders Blue (Sanders bhuruu) - dwarf spruce ine koni-yakaita korona 0,7 m kureba ine bhuruu tsono;
• Daisy's White - chirimwa chakasvibirira chine korona yeconical inosvika 1 m yakakwirira, girini yakapfava tsono, yepakutanga yero-chena ruvara rwekukura kutsva;
• sugarloaf - chirimwa chine dense cone-shaped korona yeruvara rwegirinhi yakajeka, 1,5 m kureba uye kusvika 0,8 m muhupamhi.

Kudyara Canadian spruce 

Ese marudzi eCanada spruce anowanzo shandiswa mumagadheni anotambura zvakanyanya kubva munguva yechando uye kutanga kwechirimo kupisa kwezuva. Kureva kuti vanoda shading. Uyezve, shading yekugadzira haisi kuponesa nguva dzose. Zvisinei, kudyara mumumvuri usina kukwana, pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwezvimwe zvirimwa zveconiferous kana dense shrubs, zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti tsono dzemhando dzakakurumbira dzinorasikirwa nemuvara wakajeka.

Naizvozvo, kana kumhara, tinofanira kufunga 3 pfungwa:

• iyo tsika yekupisa tsono - unoda kuwana nzvimbo iyo inoparadza mhedzisiro yezuva rinopenya ichave shoma;
• avhareji yekudzivirira kwechando yemhando dzakawanda - nzvimbo yekumhara inofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva kumhepo inotonhora yekuchamhembe;
• pamusoro pemidzi yemhando iyi yespruce - munzvimbo dzakaoma, kudiridza kunodiwa. 

Kusarudza nzvimbo yekumhara, zvakakosha kugadzirira gomba rekumhara. Izvo hazvidi kuti zviitwe zvakakura, nekuti michero yeCanada spruce inotengeswa chete neyakavharwa midzi system, kureva, mumidziyo. Zvakakwana kuti dhayamita yegomba iri 10 cm yakakura kudarika coma yevhu. Zvisinei, kudzika kunofanira kuitwa zvakanyanya kuitira kuronga mvura pane ivhu rinorema, uye kuwedzera ivhu pavhu rakareruka.

Spruce inodyarwa neyakavharwa midzi system panguva yese yekudziya - kubva muna Kubvumbi kusvika Gumiguru. Zvakakosha kuita kudiridza kwakanaka mushure mekudyara (1 - 2 mabhakiti emvura pachirimwa) uye kuvhara ivhu mudenderedzwa rehunde ne5 - 7 cm mulch yakakura. Iwe unogona kushandisa bark, huni chips kana stale sawdust yemaconifers semulch.

Nyatsoteerera ivhu riri mumudziyo - kuvapo kwemabhora ane mavara-mavara kunoratidza kuti mafetireza akareba aishandiswa pakukura spruce. Nokudaro, zvakakwana kuisa 1 bhakiti remupfudze wakanyatsoibva mugomba rekudyara.

Paunenge uchidyara muchirimo kurutivi rwezasi rwembeu kwemavhiki 1-2, vanoisa zvitsigiso neagronet yakatambanudzwa kuti vadzivirire kubva pakupisa kwezuva. Kana uchidyara mukupera kwematsutso, zvitsigiso zvinoiswa pakarepo kuitira kutambanudza zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira pakutanga kwechando. Dziviriro kubva pakupiswa nezuva inofanira kuitwa mukati memakore matatu kusvika mana kubva pakudyara.

Canadian spruce care

Kukura spruce yeCanada iri nyore uye iri nyore. Chinonyanya kunetseka chiri mumakore ekutanga 3-4 mushure mekudyara: unofanirwa kugadzirira zvakanaka zvirimwa zvechando kuti uzvidzivirire kubva pakupisa kwezuva. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa furemu yehuni kudivi rezasi remuti, pane iyo burlap, agro mesh kana isiri-yakarukwa zvinhu zvakatambanudzwa. Kana kusunga chirimwa nematavi espruce. Chinhu chakakosha: zvinhu zvekuvhara hazvifanirwe kusangana netsono. 

Uye munaOctober zvakakosha kuita mvura-yekudiridza kudiridza.

Ground

Canadian spruce inofarira loamy, humus-rich ivhu ine zvishoma acidic reaction. Ivhu rakashata uye rakaoma, pamwe chete neinorema yakanyorova, inoda kupfumisa. Ivhu rinoshandiswa paivhu rakaoma, uye zvinhu zvemvura pavhu rakanyorova. Ivhu rine alkaline rinoda mafetireza anoisa acidifying.

Lighting

Unhu hwekushongedza hwemhando dzakawanda dzeCanada spruce dzinoonekwa muhupamhi hwekuvhenekera, asi muzuva rakajeka munguva yechando uye muchirimo, zvinomera zvinotambura nekupisa - zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kwechando. 

Kudiridza

Iyo yepamusoro midzi midzi inoda kugara, asi ine mwero kudiridza uye yakakwirira-yemhando yekuchaja yekudiridza mukudonha. Canadian spruce inopindura zvakanaka kunyura nemvura: muzhizha zvinokurudzirwa kuita izvi kamwe pasvondo. 

Zvakanaka inodzivirira ivhu kubva pakuomesa mulching ne bark layer ye7 - 10 cm.

fertilizer

Kuiswa kwefetereza kunoenderana nekuorera kwevhu. Pavhu rakarimwa zvakanaka uye rine humus, mafetireza haadiwe. Paivhu rakaorera, pakudyara, zvakakwana kuwedzera bhakiti remupfudze wakakura. 

Kudyisa

Spruces haidi kupfeka kwepamusoro. Zvisinei, muchirimo, zvinomera zvakapiswa nezuva zvinoda kudyiswa nefetireza yakakosha ye conifers. Nekukurumidza kupora kwekorona yakakanganiswa, kupfapfaidza kwakaoma kunoitwa, kushandura Epin (2) uye Ferrovit kugadzirira.

Kuberekwazve kweCanada spruce 

Mhando dzakasiyana dzeCanada spruce dzakakura kubva pakucheka. Iri ibhizimusi rakaoma, rinorwadza uye rakareba.

Cuttings inotorwa kubva kumatavi ezasi emuti pakupera kwaMarch - kutanga kwaApril pazuva rine makore. Pane chiitiko chakanaka che rooting cuttings chakatorwa kubva mumiti yespruce muhafu yekutanga yaJune. Kucheka kunofanira kuva nehurefu hwe7 - 10 cm uye chitsitsinho (chidimbu chehunde bark).

Kwezuva, kucheka kunoiswa mune mhinduro yemudzi wekugadzira stimulator (Heteroauxin). Zvakakosha kuti chitsitsinho chete uye 1 cm yechikamu chezasi chekucheka chiri mune mhinduro.

Yakagadzirirwa cuttings inodyarwa mumabhokisi ekucheka kana mapoto ega, kudzika pakona ye 30 ° ne 2-3 cm. Ivhu rinofanira kuva rakareruka, rakanyoroveswa (wedzera rwizi jecha). Mapoto akafukidzwa nechirongo chegirazi, uye makucheka akafukidzwa nepurasitiki. 

Rooting inogona kutora 6 kusvika 12 mwedzi. Munguva iyi, iwe unofanirwa kufefetera pekugara kamwe chete pazuva, kudiridza ivhu panguva yakakodzera kuitira kuti ivhu rigare rakanyorova. Iyo yakanakisa sarudzo ndeye kudiridza muma pallets. Kaviri pamwedzi, wedzera mhinduro yeHeteroauxin kana Kornevin kumvura yekudiridza.

Pakukura, kucheka kunodyarwa muchikoro chakarongeka pasi pedenga remiti. Mushure memakore 1 - 2, zvinomera zvinogona kudyarwa munzvimbo inogara.

Canadian spruce zvirwere

Ngura (spruce spinner). Iyo causative agent yechirwere ndeye pathogenic fungus, iyo inogona kuonekwa nediki orange kuputika pamakwati. Muzvirimwa zvakakanganiswa, tsono dzinoshanduka yero uye dzinodonha nekufamba kwenguva. 

Kuti urwise chirwere chacho, zvakakosha kutema matavi akabatwa panguva yakakodzera uye kupisa pamwe chete nenyuchi dzakawa. Zvirimwa zvinorwara zvinofanirwa kurapwa neHom (copper oxychloride) (2) kana Rakurs.

Schütte (brown snow mold). Chirwere ichi chinozviratidza muchirimo, apo chando chinonyunguduka uye matavi ane tsono dzakachena anobuda pachena. Iyo causative agent yechirwere ichishingaira inokura munguva yechando pamatavi akafukidzwa nechando. 

Kurapa kwechirwere, mishonga Hom kana Rakurs inokurudzirwa (2). 

Tracheomycosis (fusarium). Inoratidzika pamaspruces muchimiro chemucheka mutsvuku pane tsono, iyo inokurumidza kutanga kushanduka uye kuparara. 

Chirwere hachina kurapwa, sezvo pathogenic fungus inokanganisa midzi. Zvakakosha kuchera uye kupisa chirimwa chinorwara panguva yakakodzera kuitira kuti chirwere chirege kuendeswa kune mamwe maconifers mubindu. Ivhu rinoiswa disinfected neFundazol (2).

Canadian spruce zvipembenene

Spruce spider mite. Chipembenene ichi chinosiya tumakwapa tweyero patsono, chinoputira matavi anenge abatwa nedandemutande uye chinomutsa kudeuka kwetsono.

Sezvo chikwekwe chichipa zvizvarwa zvishanu pamwaka, zvinodikanwa kupfapfaidza zvirimwa zvine utachiona kanenge kashanu, kunyanya pakupera kwezhizha. Unogona kushandisa zvinodhaka Actellik, Antiklesch kana Fitoverm. 

Spruce nhema nhovo. Inosiya jira rinonamira pamakwati netsono dzezvirimwa zvidiki, zvinokonzeresa kudeuka kwetsono dzine shava uye kupeteka kwenhungirwa. 

Kuti udzivirire zvirimwa kubva kune chipukanana ichi, systemic kugadzirira Aktara uye Konfidor inoshandiswa. Actara inoda kusaswa kwete pamiti chete, asiwo pamatanda emiti.

Spruce sawfly. Chipembenene chinokanganisa spruce nemakonye anodya tsono, zvichiita kuti iite shava uye ichideuka. 

Mushonga wePinocid unoshanda zvakanyanya pakurwisa sawfly - vanopfapfaidza korona nekunwisa hunde yemiti.

Coniferous bugs. Zvipembenene zviduku zvine bristles machena pamusana. Mumwedzi yakaoma, inopisa yezhizha, inowedzera nokukurumidza, zvichiita kuti nhungirwa dzine utachiona dziite sedzafukidzwa nechando. Iyo tsono inoshanduka yero uye inomonereka semhedzisiro.

Kurwisa honye, ​​mushonga wePinocid unoshandiswa.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takabvunza nezve Canadian spruce agronomist Oleg Ispolatov - akapindura mibvunzo yakakurumbira yevagari vezhizha.

Zvitubu zve

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Zvimiro zveperennial herbaceous, woody coniferous uye deciduous zvinomera mumaguta landscaping // Coniferous boreal zone, 2013

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh-rasteniy-v-ozelenenii-gorodov

2. State catalog yemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals inotenderwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture yeFederation.

   https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/