Carl Gustav Jung: "Ndinoziva madhimoni aripo"

Die Weltwoche: Haufungi here kuti kupera kwehondo kuchaunza shanduko huru yemweya yevaEurope, kunyanya maGerman, avo zvino vanoita sevanomuka kubva mukurara kwenguva refu uye kunotyisa?

Carl Gustav Jung: Oh chokwadi. Sezvo maGermany ane hanya, takatarisana nechinetso chepfungwa, kukosha kwacho kuchiri kuoma kufungidzira, asi zvinyorwa zvayo zvinogona kuonekwa mumuenzaniso wevarwere vandinorapa.

Chinhu chimwe chakajeka kune nyanzvi yezvepfungwa, zvekuti haafanire kutevedzera kupatsanurwa kwemanzwiro pakati pevaNazi neanopikisa hurumende. Ndine varwere vaviri avo sezviri pachena vanopesana neNazi, uye zvakadaro zviroto zvavo zvinoratidza kuti shure kwehutsika hwavo hwose, inonzi inonzi Nazi psychology nechisimba uye hutsinye huripo.

Apo mutori wenhau weSwitzerland akabvunza Field Marshal von Küchler (Georg von Küchler (1881-1967) akatungamirira kurwiswa kweWestern Poland muna September 1939. Akabatwa nemhosva uye akatongerwa kugara mujeri semhosva yehondo neNuremberg Tribunal) pamusoro pehutsinye hweGermany muPoland, akadanidzira nehasha kuti: “Ndine urombo, iyi haisi Wehrmacht, iri pati!” - muenzaniso wakakwana wekuti kupatsanurwa kuita maGerman ane hunhu uye asingaremekedze haana hunyanzvi. Vese zvavo, vachiziva kana kusaziva, vachishingairira kana kungoita, vanogovana mune zvinotyisa.

Vaisaziva chinhu pamusoro pezvaiitika, uye panguva imwe cheteyo vaiziva.

Nyaya yemhosva pamwe chete, iyo uye icharamba iine dambudziko kune vezvematongerwo enyika, ndeyemuongorori wepfungwa chokwadi pasina mubvunzo, uye rimwe remabasa anokosha ekurapa nderokuita kuti maGermany abvume mhosva yavo. Nechekare zvino, vazhinji vavo vari kutendeukira kwandiri nechikumbiro chokuti varapwe neni.

Kana zvikumbiro zvichibva kune avo "vaGerman vane hunhu" vasingade kupa mhosva kune vanhu vakati wandei veGestapo, ini ndinoona nyaya yacho isina tariro. Ini handina sarudzo kunze kwekuvapa mibvunzo ine mibvunzo isina kujeka senge: "Unofungei nezveBuchenwald?" Chete apo murwere anonzwisisa uye kubvuma mhosva yake, kurapwa kwega kwega kunogona kushandiswa.

Asi kwakanga kuchibvira sei kuti maGermany, vanhu vose, vawire muuyu mugariro wendangariro usina tariro? Izvi zvingaitika kune rumwe rudzi rupi norupi here?

Rega ndideredze pano zvishoma uye nditsanangure dzidziso yangu pamusoro penguva yakapfuura yepfungwa yakatangira National Socialist War. Ngatitorei muenzaniso mudiki kubva pakuita kwangu sepokutangira.

Pane imwe nguva mukadzi akauya kwandiri uye akaputika mukupomera zvechisimba kumurume wake: ndiye dhiyabhorosi chaiye, anotambudza uye anomutambudza, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Kutaura zvazviri, murume uyu akazova mugari anoremekedzwa zvachose, asina mhosva yezvinangwa zvemadhimoni.

Ko mukadzi uyu akariwanepi pfungwa yake inopenga? Hongu, kungoti dhiyabhorosi anogara mumweya wake, izvo zvaanogadzira kunze, achiendesa zvishuwo zvake uye hasha kumurume wake. Ndakamutsanangurira zvose izvi, uye akabvuma, segwai rakapfidza. Zvinhu zvose zvairatidza kuti zvakanga zvakarongeka. Zvisinei, izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakandinetsa, nokuti handizivi kuti dhiyabhorosi, aimbobatanidzwa nemufananidzo wemurume, akaenda kupi.

Zvakafanana chaizvo, asi pamwero mukuru, zvakaitika munhoroondo yeEurope. Kuvanhu vekare, nyika yakazara nemadhimoni uye masimba asinganzwisisike aanotya. Kwaari, zvisikwa zvese zvinorarama nemasimba aya, izvo zvisiri chimwe chinhu kunze kwemasimba ake emukati anoratidzwa munyika yekunze.

ChiKristu nesainzi yemazuva ano zvakabvisa dhimoni, zvinoreva kuti vanhu vekuEurope vanogara vachitora masimba emadhimoni kubva munyika mavari, vachigara vachitakura kusaziva kwavo navo. Mumunhu amene, aya masimba amadhemoni anomukira kunoratidzika kuva kusasununguka kwomudzimu kwechiKristu.

Madhimoni anopinda nepakati kuita baroque art: spines bend, satyr mahwanda anoratidzwa. Munhu zvishoma nezvishoma anoshanduka kuva ouroboros, achizviparadza, kuva chifananidzo kubva kare chinofananidzira murume ane dhimoni. Muenzaniso wekutanga wakakwana werudzi urwu ndiNapoleon.

MaGerman anoratidza kusasimba kwakakosha pamberi pemadhimoni aya nekuda kwekufungidzira kwavo kunoshamisa. Izvi zvinoratidzwa murudo rwavo rwekuzviisa pasi, mukuteerera kwavo kusina simba kumirairo, inongove imwe nzira yezano.

Izvi zvinoenderana nekuderera kwepfungwa kwevaGerman, semhedzisiro yenzvimbo yavo isingaperi pakati peEast and West. Ndivo bedzi muMadokero avo, mukubuda kwavose kubva mudumbu rokumabvazuva ramarudzi, vakaramba vari varefu zvikurusa naamai vavo. Vakazodzokera havo asi vanonoka kusvika.

Naizvozvo, vanhu vokuGermany vanotambudzwa zvikuru nechimiro chokuderera, chavanoedza kuripa ne<em>megalomania: “Am deutschen Wesen soll die Welt genesen” (Shanduro yakakasharara: “Mudzimu wechiGermany uchaponesa nyika.” Iyi sirogani yeNazi, yakakweretwa. kubva mudetembo raEmmanuel Geibel (1815-1884) "Kuzivikanwa Germany." Mitsara kubva kuGeibel yave ichizivikanwa kubva pavakatorwa naWilhelm II muhurukuro yake yeMünster muna 1907) - kunyange vasinganzwi vakasununguka muganda ravo pachavo. !

Iyi inyanzvi yepfungwa yevechidiki, inozviratidza kwete mukupararira kwakanyanya kweungochani, asiwo nekushaikwa kweanima mumabhuku echiGerman (Goethe yakasarudzika). Izvi zvinowanikwawo muGerman sentimentality, iyo muchokwadi isiri chinhu kunze kwekuoma-moyo, kusanzwa uye kusava nemweya.

Kupomerwa kwese kwekusava nemoyo uye kurara nemhuka uko nhema dzeGerman dzakarwisa maRussia dzinoreva maGerman pachavo. Hurukuro dzaGoebbels hachisi chinhu kunze kweGerman psychology inoratidzirwa kumuvengi. Kusakura kwehunhu kwairatidzwa zvinotyisa mukusava nemusoro kweGeneral Staff yeGerman, ine muviri munyoro kunge mollusk iri mugoko.

Germany yagara iri nyika yenjodzi dzepfungwa: Reformation, hondo dzevarombo uye dzechitendero. Pasi peNational Socialism, dzvinyiriro yemadhimoni yakawedzera zvekuti vanhu, vachiwira pasi pesimba ravo, vakashanduka kuita mashura emunhu, wekutanga aive Hitler, uyo akatapurira vamwe vese neizvi.

Vatungamiriri vose veNazi vakasvikirwa mupfungwa chaiyoiyo yeshoko racho, uye pasina panikiro hakusi masanga kuti mushumiri wavo anoparadzira mashoko akaiswa chiratidzo chomurume ane dhimoni - kukamhina. Gumi muzana yevagari veGermany nhasi vane psychopaths isina tariro.

Iwe unotaura nezve kuderera kwepfungwa uye nedhimoni kurudziro yemaGerman, asi iwe unofunga izvi zvinoshandawo kwatiri isu, maSwiss, maGerman nekwakabva?

Isu tinodzivirirwa kubva kuchirevo ichi nenhamba dzedu diki. Kana huwandu hweSwitzerland hwaive mamirioni makumi masere, saka chinhu chimwe chete chinogona kuitika kwatiri, sezvo madhimoni achikwezvwa zvakanyanya nemhomho. Muboka, munhu anorasikirwa nemidzi yake, uye ipapo madhimoni anogona kumubata.

Nokudaro, mukuita, maNazi aibatanidzwa chete mukuumbwa kwevanhu vakawanda uye kwete mukuumbwa kweunhu. Uye ichi ndicho chikonzero nei zviso zvevanhu vane dhimoni nhasi zvisina upenyu, nechando, zvisina chinhu. Isu veSwiss takadzivirirwa kubva kunjodzi idzi nemubatanidzwa wedu uye nekusarudzika kwedu. Nesu kuunganidza kwakadai semuGermany hazvibviri, uye zvichida mukuzviparadzanisa kwakadaro kune nzira yekurapa, nekuda kwekuti zvingave zvichibvira kudzivirira madhimoni.

Asi kurapwa kungave chii kana kuchiitwa nemabhomba nepfuti dzemuchina? Ko kudzorwa nehondo kworudzi rune madhimoni hakufaniri kungowedzera kunzwa kwokuzvidukupisa ndokuwedzera hosha yacho here?

Nhasi maGermany aita sechidhakwa chinomuka mambakwedza chizere nedoro. Havazivi zvavakaita uye havadi kuziva. Panongova nokunzwa kumwe chete kwokusafara kusingagumi. Vachaita nhamburiko dzoushingi dzokuzviruramisa vamene mukutarisana nepomero noruvengo rwenyika yakavapoteredza, asi iyi haisati ichizova nzira yakarurama. Ruregerero, sezvandambotaura, runongova mukureurura kuzere kwemhosva yemunhu. "Ndine mhosva, ndinopenga!" (Mhosva yangu, mhosva yangu huru (lat.)

Mukupfidza kwechokwadi munhu anowana ngoni dzaMwari. Ichi hachisi chechitendero chete asiwo chokwadi chepfungwa. Nzira yekuAmerica yekurapa, iyo inosanganisira kutora vagari venyika kuburikidza nemisasa yevasungwa kuratidza zvose zvinotyisa zvakaitwa imomo, ndiyo nzira chaiyo.

Zvisinei, hazvibviri kuzadzisa chinangwa chete nedzidziso yetsika, kutendeuka kunofanira kuberekwa mukati meGermany pachavo. Zvinogoneka kuti njodzi icharatidza masimba akanaka, kuti kubva mukuzvinyudza uku vaporofita vachazvarwa patsva, sehunhu hweava vanhu vanoshamisa semadhimoni. Ndiani adonha zvakanyanya ane kudzika.

Chechi yeKaturike ingangokohwa mweya yakawanda sezvo Chechi yePurotesitendi iri kupatsanurwa nhasi. Pane nhau yekuti nhamo huru yamutsa hupenyu hwechitendero muGermany: nharaunda dzese dzinopfugama manheru, dzichiteterera Ishe kuti avaponese kubva kunaAntikristu.

Ipapo tingakarira here kuti madhimoni achadzingwa uye nyika itsva, iri nani ichamuka mumatongo?

Kwete, haugoni kubvisa madhimoni. Iri ibasa rakaoma, mhinduro yaro iri mune ramangwana riri kure. Iye zvino ngirozi yenhoroondo yasiya maGerman, madhimoni achange achitsvaga mutsva akabatwa. Uye hazvizove zvakaoma. Wese munhu anorasikirwa neMvuri wake, nyika yese inotenda mukusakanganisa kwayo, ichave yakapambwa.

Tinoda mutadzi uye tinoratidza kumufarira kunopisa, nokuti dhiyabhorosi anoita kuti tikanganwe nezvedanda riri muziso rake patinoona kabanzu kari muziso rehama, uye iyi inzira yokutinyengedza nayo. MaGerman anozozviwana ivo pavachabvuma uye nekubvuma mhosva yavo, asi vamwe vanozove nyajambwa wekupengeswa kana, mukusemburwa kwavo nemhosva yeGerman, vakakanganwa kusakwana kwavo.

Hatifanire kukanganwa kuti maitiro anouraya evaGerman ekuunganidzira haasi mashoma anowanikwa mune mamwe marudzi anokunda, kuitira kuti ivo vagone kuwira vasingatarisiri kumasimba emadhimoni.

"General suggestibility" ine basa guru muAmerica yanhasi, uye kuti vanhu vekuRussia vangani vatofadzwa nedhimoni resimba, zviri nyore kuona kubva muzviitiko zvichangoburwa izvo zvinofanirwa kudzikamisa kufara kwedu murunyararo.

VaBritish ndivo vanonyanya kunzwisisika mune izvi: kusarudzika kunovasunungura kubva mukukwezva masirogani, uye veSwiss vanogovana kushamisika kwavo nekupenga kwakabatana.

Ipapo tinofanira kumirira tichifunganya kuti tione kuti madhimoni achazviratidza sei mune ramangwana?

Ndatotaura kare kuti ruponeso runowanikwa chete mubasa rerunyararo rekudzidzisa munhu. Hazvisi zvisina tariro sezvazvingaite. Simba remadhimoni rakakura, uye nzira dzechizvino-zvino dzekukurudzira vanhu vakawanda - vezvenhau, redhiyo, bhaisikopo - vari pabasa ravo.

Zvisineyi, chiKristu chakakwanisa kudzivirira nzvimbo yacho pamberi pemuvengi asingakundiki, uye kwete nepropaganda uye kutendeuka kwevanhu vakawanda - izvi zvakaitika gare gare uye zvakava zvisina kukosha - asi kuburikidza nekunyengetedza kubva kumunhu kusvika kune munhu. Uye iyi ndiyo nzira yatinofanirawo kutora kana tichida kubatanidza madhimoni.

Zvakaoma kuchiva basa rako kunyora pamusoro pezvisikwa izvi. Ndinovimba kuti uchakwanisa kutaura maonero angu nenzira yekuti vanhu vasazviwane zvakanyanya. Sezvineiwo, inguva yangu kuti vanhu, kunyanya vakagarwa, vafunge kuti ndinopenga nekuti ndinotenda madhimoni. Asi ibasa ravo kufunga saizvozvo.

Ndinoziva kuti madhimoni ariko. Ivo havazodzikisire, izvi ndezvechokwadi sekuti Buchenwald iripo.

Dudziro yebvunzurudzo yaCarl Gustav Jung "Werden die Seelen Frieden finden?"