Mukati
Column mafashamo anogoneka pane chero column-mhando yemidziyo mune distillation kana kugadzirisa modhi, zvese panguva yekutanga neyechipiri distillation. Dambudziko rakaomeswa nenyaya yekuti zvigadziriso zvechigadzirwa ichi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya mu-pre-suffocation mode - padyo nekupunzika kwakazara kwehurongwa. Tevere, isu tichaona kuti sei iyo mbiru ichichera, nzira yekuizivisa, kuibvisa, uye zvakare kuishandisa kuti tibatsire isu.
Dzidziso
Column flooding imamiriro ekukurumidzira umo kukwira kunopisa doro mhute hakubvumiri mvura inodzika yakatonhodzwa mu dephlegmator - phlegm - kupfuura kune imwe nzira.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, emulsion plug inoonekwa mune imwe nzvimbo ye tsargi, uko mvura uye mhute zviri mukuenzana. Utsi hunoputika zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza nephlegm, kupisa kunonzwika mumudziyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, simba rekumanikidza remhepo rinogara rakakwirira kudarika reflux pressure, saka kana cube yekupisa simba, kudzvanywa uye tembiricha yemvura inotonhorera ikasachinja, ipapo plug inosimuka zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika iyo doro uye chiutsi chasiya chikamu. kuburikidza nemhepo yekubatanidza pombi, vharafu yechimbichimbi kana sampling unit. Iyi ndiyo nhanho yekupedzisira yekudzipwa, mumutauro wevanoshinha mwedzi zvinoreva kuti "mbiru yakatanga kupfira."
Kubva pakutanga kwekupisa kusvika ku "kupfira", mafashamo ekoramu haapfuuri miniti nehafu, ndiko kuti, zvinhu zvose zvinoitika nokukurumidza. Panguva imwecheteyo, haufaniri kuedza kudzivisa "kupfira" nekuvhara pombi yekukurukurirana nemhepo, valve kana chikwata chekusarudza - ichi chizere nekuputika!
Pakutanga, kuvhuvhuta kunoonekwa munzvimbo yakamanikana, ndiko kuti, mhedzisiro yemutsipa webhodhoro inogadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, koki inogona kuumba apo muromo wakanyanya kuumbwa unoshanduka kuita mudiki, kana kuti dhayamita yetambo yekudhonza diki.
Sei uchifanira kudzivisa kukachidzwa
Kana iyo mbiru ichipfachukira, nzira yekupisa uye kuendesa kuwanda hakuitike, saka, hapana kupatsanurwa kwechinwiwa chedoro muzvikamu. Somugumisiro, kupenya kwemwedzi kunowanikwa panguva ye "kupfira" uye mushure mokunge isina kucheneswa kubva kune tsvina inokuvadza. Naizvozvo, kudzvinyirirwa kwekoramu kunofanira kubviswa uye mushure mayo mudziyo unofanirwa kubvumidzwa "kuzvishandira".
Nzira yekuziva sei kukachidzwa kwekoramu
Zviratidzo zvekudzipwa:
- kuwedzera hum uye vibration mukoramu;
- kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekushisa mu tsarga;
- pressure inodonha;
- ejection inopinza ("spit") yemvura kuburikidza nepombi yekukurukurirana nemhepo, valve yekukurumidzira kana sarudzo yekusarudza ndiyo nhanho yekupedzisira yekudzipwa;
- mu diopter, kupisa kunoonekwa, kufanana nekushanda kwemvura inopisa.
Zvinotendwa kuti kuvhuvhuta kunogona kuonekwa uye kudzorwa kuburikidza ne diopter - yakajeka, kazhinji girazi, chikamu chetsarga. Asi izvi zvinoshanda chete kana mafashama ekoramu akaitika munzvimbo ino chaiyo. Kana iri yakaderera kana yakakwira, zvino zvichave zvinonetsa kuona, uye zvakatonyanya kudzora nekushandura inopihwa yekudziya simba kana kutonhora kwemvura kutonhora.
Zvikonzero zvekudzipwa kwekoramu uye nzira dzekubvisa
1. Simba rekupisa rakanyanyisa. Chikonzero chinowanzoitika. Muchiitiko ichi, nzvimbo ye-cross-sectional yedhirowa haina kukwana maererano nesimba rekupisa chinhu uye dephlegmator, saka steam uye phlegm haigoni kugoverwa muhuwandu hwedhirowa. Nzira iri nyore ndeyekudzikisa kukurumidza kwemhepo.
Nzira yekugadzirisa sei: bvisa kupisa paunenge uchidzipwa, kumirira 1,5-2 maminitsi kuti phlegm yose iende pasi mucube. Batidza kudziyisa kumashure, asi nesimba rakaderera ne3-4%. Kana iyo column yakazarirwa zvakare, zvino dzokorora matanho anotsanangurwa.
Kana zvinhu zvese zvakanaka, saka iri richava simba rekushanda pre-kudzimirwa modhi yekoramu kusvika panguva yakadai semamwe maparamita akakosha ehurongwa (kumanikidza uye tembiricha yemvura inotonhorera, kureba uye kuyambuka-chikamu nharaunda dhirowa, simba refiriji uye dephlegmator, nezvimwewo) hazvizoshandurwi. Kana paine shanduko, iyo mbiru inotanga kuunzwa kuti yakavhunga, uye ipapo iyo pre-choke regime inotsvakwa zvakare.
Vamwe vanovheneka mwedzi vanogadzirisa dambudziko iri nekubvisa yakawandisa reflux, asi kana paine kushoma reflux, saka haitonhodze muromo zvakanaka, uye koramu haishande pa100%. Zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera kusarudzwa kwephlegm chete kana mbiru yakadzipwa apo "ichizvishandira pachayo" uye imwe phlegm yakapinda mukusarudzwa.
2. Hypothermia yephlegm. Doro mhute zviri nani kupfuura nemo uye kupfuura inopisa phlegm mukati mayo. Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha yemvura pakubuda kwe dephlegmator ndeye 50-60 ° C. Kana kutonhora kwakaderera, saka unoda kuderedza kudzvinyirira kwemvura.
3. Kusaenzana kurongedza kwemuromo mudivi. Vanotanga mwedzi vanowanzotadza neizvi. Munzvimbo dzakanyanya kurongedzerwa, kutetepa kwemutsara wemhepo inogadzirwa uye plug inooneka. On-load tap-changers (yakajairika waya zvakabatanidzwa) haifanirwe kumonyaniswa zvakasimba uye tamped. Munyaya yeSPN (spiral-prismatic nozzles), kufanana kwekuzadza kunofanira kudzorwa. Mawadhi mashoma, zviri nani.
4. Simba rekuwedzera uye (kana) kumanikidzwa mumvura. Kana iyo yekupisa chinhu chiri magetsi, saka masimba emagetsi anoshandura simba rekupisa. Kungoerekana kwachinja mukudzvinyirirwa kwemvura kunotungamira mukutonhodza kusina kuenzana kwehurongwa hwese.
5. Kuiswa kusina kuenzana kwembiru. Kana iyo column-type apparatus isina kuisirwa yakatwasuka, phlegm inotanga kuyerera ichidzika nemadziro. Somugumisiro, maitiro ose anovhiringidzwa.
6. Kuzadza kusina kunaka kwecube uye simba guru. Iyo cube inogona kuzadzwa nehupamhi hwe ¾ yevhoriyamu, nepo kusimba kweiyo yakazara mvura-doro musanganiswa haifanirwe kudarika 35% vol.
7. Kusvibiswa kwemukati wemuchina. Kuunganidza mukati memachubhu kunodzivirira kufamba kwakajairika kwephlegm. Iyo midziyo inofanirwa kuparadzaniswa uye kucheneswa nguva nenguva, kunyanya kana zvikamu zvayo zvega zvega zvichishandiswa kune yekutanga neyechipiri distillation, distillation uye kugadzirisa.
8. Musiyano mukumanikidzwa kwemhepo. Dambudziko rakakosha kune makoramu ane kureba kunodarika 1,5 m. Kana kudzvanywa kwemuchadenga kuchichinja, simba rinopihwa reiyo pre-soffocation mode rinogona kuchinja ne5-10%. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kufunga kuti mhepo yemhepo inoshanduka kwete chete nemamiriro okunze, asiwo nekukwirira. Semuyenzaniso, maparamendi ekushanda echishandiso chimwe chete muimba yega uye pauriri hwepfumbamwe hwechivako chemba anogona kusiyana.
9. Kudzipwa kwegoko-uye-tube dephlegmator. Iyo inowanzoitika panguva yechipiri distillation, kana iyo-inotakura tap-changer nozzle yakatsikirirwa zvine simba pazasi pe reflux condenser. Ngozi yemafashama yakakwira mune reflux condenser (ine nzvimbo yakaenzana yepombi yepombi), yakaunganidzwa kubva kunhamba huru yemachubhu akatetepa.