Mukati
A congenital pathology yemuromo, umo matishu akapfava haakure pamwechete, inonzi colloquially inonzi "cleft lip". Iri zita rakapihwa nekuti mutsuro muromo wepamusoro une mahafu maviri asina kubatanidzwa pamwechete.
Hunhu hwekuremara hwakafanana nehwe "cleft palate". Asi muchiitiko chekupedzisira, kwete chete zvinyoro zvinyoro hazvina fuse, asiwo mapfupa emukanwa. Muhafu yezviitiko, zviso zvechiso hazvikanganisi, uye hapana chikanganiso chekuzora. Muchiitiko ichi, inongova "muromo wemhumhi".
Kutsemuka mukanwa nemiromo zvinodaidzwa nesainzi kuti cheiloschisis. Iyi congenital pathology inoitika mudumbu, kazhinji mune yekutanga trimester yekuzvitakura. Pasi pesimba rezvinhu zvinokuvadza, kukura kwemuromo, palate uye alveolar process inokanganiswa.
Vana vane muromo wakatsemuka havagoni kuva nezvikanganiso zvekunze chete, asiwo kukanganisa kwakakomba kwemapfupa ehehenya. Nokuda kweizvi, kune matambudziko nekudya, kutaura. Asi pathology inokonzera matambudziko emuviri chete - njere uye psyche yevana vakadaro vari muhurongwa hwakakwana.
Muromo wakatsemuka usina kutsemuka mukanwa chirwere chisina kusimba, sezvo matishu akapfava chete ndiwo anokanganisa uye mapfupa haana kuremara.
Chii chinonzi cleft lip
Cleft palate uye miromo zvinoonekwa mucheche mumwedzi yekutanga yekukura. Ipapo ndipo panoumbwa shaya nechiso. Kazhinji, pavhiki yegumi neimwe, mapfupa emukanwa mu "fetus" anokura pamwe chete, uye ipapo mukanwa wakapfava unoumbwa. Mumwedzi wechipiri kusvika ku11, muromo wepamusoro unoumbwawo, apo maitiro epamusoro peshaya uye yepakati nasal process inopedzisira yasanganiswa.
Mwedzi yekutanga yekuzvitakura ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakuumbwa kweiyo anatomy yakarurama yemwana. Kana panguva iyi zvinhu zvisina kunaka kubva kunze zvinokanganisa embryo, kukundikana mukuumbwa kwemapfupa uye zvinyoro zvinyoro zvinogona kuitika, uye muromo wakatsemuka unoitika. Genetic factors dzinoitawo basa.
Zvikonzero zvekutsemuka kwemiromo muvana
Muromo wakatsemuka unokura pasi pesimba re "mukati" uye "kunze" zvikonzero. Chinhu chenhaka, kuderera kwemasero ehutachiona, kubvisa pamuviri kwekutanga kunogona kukanganisa kukura kwe fetus.
Kwete zvirwere zvishoma zvine ngozi izvo mukadzi anotambura mukutanga pamuviri.
Makemikari, mwaranzi, kunwa kwaamai zvinodhaka, doro kana kuputa zvinokanganisa kukura kwemukati mechibereko. Chikafu chisina kunaka, beriberi, kutonhora uye kupisa, kushungurudza mudumbu, fetal hypoxia inokanganisawo kuumbwa kwe fetus.
Zvikonzero zvepathology zvichiri kuongororwa. Iwo makuru akanyorwa pamusoro, asi muzviitiko zvisingawanzo, muromo wakatsemuka unokura mushure mekuzvarwa. Mushure mekukuvara, hutachiona, kubviswa kwemamota, mukanwa uye miromo zvinogona kukuvadzwa.
Zviratidzo zvekutsemuka kwemuromo muvana
Muromo wemwana wakatsemuka unowanzoonekwa kunyange asati azvarwa, pachiongororwa ultrasound mushure memavhiki gumi nemaviri enhumbu. Sezvineiwo, kunyangwe nekukasika kuoneka, hapana chingaitwe mwana asati azvarwa.
Mushure mokuberekwa, mwana anoratidza miromo yakaremara, mhino, uye zvichida mukanwa wakatsemuka. Chimiro uye dhigirii rehurwere ndezvekuomarara kwakasiyana - mitsetse inogoneka kunyangwe pamativi ese. Asi unilateral cleft palate nemiromo zvinowanzoitika.
Mucheche ane hurema hwakadaro anotora zamu zvisina kunaka, kazhinji anodzipwa, uye anofema zvishoma. Inotapukira kuzvirwere zvenasopharynx uye nzeve nekuda kwekugara uchidzokorora chikafu kuburikidza nekutsemuka munzvimbo iyi.
Kurapa kwekutsemuka kwemuromo muvana
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti muromo wakatsemuka kazhinji hausi dambudziko rekushongedza chete. Anofanira kurapwa zvakadaro, uye achiri mudiki. Kana zvisina kudaro, mwana haazokwanisi kuyamwa, kumedza zvokudya nenzira yakarurama, dzimwe nguva kudyisa kuburikidza nechubhu kunotodiwa.
Pasina kurapwa kwechirema, kuruma kunoumbwa zvisina kururama, kutaura kunovhiringidzika. Kutsemuka kwemukanwa kunovhiringidza tambo yezwi, vana havatauri zvinonzwika uye vanotaura "nemhino". Kunyange kutsemuka chete mumatishu akapfava kunovhiringidza kugadzirwa kwekutaura. Kugara kuzvimba mumhino nenzeve nekuda kwekudya kwekudya kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwekunzwa.
Mushure mokunge kuongororwa kwaitwa, sarudzo inoitwa pakuvhiya - hapana dzimwe nzira dzekubatsira mwana. Nguva iyo mwana achavhiyiwa inosarudzwa nachiremba. Kana kukanganisa kwakanyanyisa, kushanda kwekutanga kunogoneka mumwedzi wekutanga wehupenyu. Kazhinji inomiswa kusvika 5 - 6 mwedzi.
Kurapa kunosanganisira matanho akawanda, saka kupindira kumwe kwekuvhiya hakuzoshandi. Kunyange asati asvika makore matatu, mwana anofanira kuvhiyiwa kaviri kusvika katanhatu. Asi nekuda kweizvozvo, chete vanga risingaonekwe uye pamwe diki asymmetry yemiromo ichasara. Mamwe matambudziko ese achange ari kumashure.
Diagnostics
Kuongororwa kwekutanga kwemuromo wakatsemuka kunoitwa kunyangwe mukati mechibereko uchishandisa Ultrasound. Mushure mokuberekwa kwomwana akadaro, chiremba anoongorora kuoma kwechirwere. Inotarisa kuti kuremara kwacho kunodzivirira sei mwana kudya, kana pane zvirwere zvekufema.
Vanoshandisa rubatsiro rwevamwe nyanzvi: otolaryngologist, chiremba wemazino, nyanzvi yezvirwere zvinotapukira. Kupfuurirazve, kuongororwa kweropa uye weti, biochemistry yeropa, x-rays yedunhu maxillofacial inorayirwa. Kuita kwemucheche kumanzwi uye kunhuhwirira kunoongororwa - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo kunzwa uye kunhuwa, kutarisa kwechiso kunoongororwa.
Mishonga yemazuva ano
Kuti abvise kukanganisa kwemuromo wakatsemuka, kuvhiyiwa kwepurasitiki kunoshandiswa. Vanachiremba veakasiyana-siyana profiles vachabatanidzwa mukurapwa kwematanho akawanda. Asati avhiyiwa, mwana anowanzopfeka obturator - chigadziro chinoshanda sechipingamupinyi pakati pemhino nemuromo. Izvi zvinodzivirira reflux yezvokudya, zvinobatsira kufema uye kutaura zvakanaka.
Nekukanganisa kudiki, cheiloplasty yakazvimiririra inoshandiswa - ganda, faibha, tsandanyama uye mucous layers yemiromo inosonanidzwa pamwechete. Kana mhino yakakanganiswa, rhinocheiloplasty inoitwa, kugadzirisa maronda emhino. Rhinognatocheiloplasty inoumba muscular frame yenzvimbo yemuromo.
Kutsemuka kwemukanwa kunobviswa neuranoplasty. Kusiyana nekushanda kwekare, inoitwa kunonoka - ne3 kana kunyange 5 makore. Kupindira kwepakutanga kunogona kukanganisa kukura kweshaya.
Kuwedzera kuvhiyiwa kwekuvaka kunodiwa kubvisa mavanga, kuvandudza kutaura uye kunaka.
Mukuwedzera pakuvhiyiwa, mwana anoda rubatsiro rwemutauriri wekutaura, sezvo zvakanyanya kuoma kuti vana vakadaro vataure manzwi nenzira yakarurama kupfuura vamwe. Otolaryngologist inova nechokwadi chokuti kunzwa kwomwana hakukanganisi, uye kufema kwakazara. Kana mazino akasakura zvakanaka, chiremba wemazino anoisa simbi.
Kugara kuziya nenzara yeokisijeni nekuda kwekufema kwakadzika, kuwedzera huremu uye utachiona hunogara huchikonzera kutaridzika kwehurwere, kuderera kwekukura.
Rubatsiro rwenyanzvi yepfungwa ruchave rwakakosha zvakaenzana, nekuti nekuda kwehunhu hwavo, vana vane muromo wakatsemuka vanosangana nematambudziko mukugadzirisa. Pasinei nekuti pfungwa dzevana vakadai dzakarongeka zvakakwana, vanogona kusarira kumashure mukukura. Nekuda kwematambudziko epfungwa, kusada kudzidza nekuda kwekudhererwa nevezera rako, kune matambudziko mukudzidza. Zvinetso pakududza mashoko zvinogonawo kukanganisa upenyu hunogutsa. Nokudaro, zviri nani kupedza matanho ose ekurapa musati zera rechikoro.
Kudzivirira kutsemuka kwemiromo muvana kumba
Zvakaoma zvikuru kudzivisa dambudziko rakadaro. Kana chirwere chakadaro chichionekwa mumhuri, unogona kubvunza chiremba wemajini kuti uwane mukana wekuita mwana ane muromo wakatsemuka.
Zvakakosha kuzvitarisira iwe mumavhiki ekutanga ekuzvitakura - kudzivisa zvirwere, kukuvadzwa, kudya zvakanaka. Senzira yekudzivirira, vakadzi vane pamuviri vanotora folic acid.
Izvo zvinodiwa kuti uone dambudziko nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, kunyangwe mudumbu. Sezvo kutsemuka mukanwa uye muromo zvichigona kukonzera mamwe matambudziko panguva yekusununguka, chiremba anofanira kuziva. Panguva yekusununguka, njodzi yeamniotic fluid inopinda mumucheche wekufema inowedzera.
Mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana ane muromo wakatsemuka, zvinodikanwa kuita kuongororwa kwakakwana, kubvunza nyanzvi uye kuongorora kuoma kweiyo pathology. Kana vanachiremba vachiomerera pakuvhiya kwekutanga, saka mwana anoida chaizvo.
Mwedzi yekutanga nemakore ehupenyu hwemwana akadaro ichava yakaoma, kudya kwakaoma uye vabereki vanofanira kugadzirira izvi. Asi usakanganwa kuti mushure mezvikamu zvose zvekurapa, mwana achave ane hutano hwakakwana uye dambudziko richasara shure.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira
Chiremba wevana anoramba ari chiremba mukuru wemwana ane muromo wakatsemuka - anonyora mimwe miedzo, inoreva nyanzvi dzakamanikana. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve iyi pathology chiremba wevana Daria Schukina.