Chimiro chehunhu hwakaumbwa

Munyori: Yu.B. Gippenreiter

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa uye zvakakwana zvehunhu hwakaumbwa?

Ini ndichashandisa kufunga pamusoro penyaya iyi yemunyori we monograph pamusoro pekukura kweunhu muvana, LI Bozhovich (16). Chaizvoizvo, inosimbisa maitiro maviri makuru.

Mucherechedzo wekutanga: munhu anogona kunzi munhu kana paine hutungamiri muzvinangwa zvake mune imwe pfungwa, kureva kana achikwanisa kukurira zvido zvake zvepakarepo nekuda kwechimwe chinhu. Pakadai, nyaya yacho inonzi inokwanisa kuita zvekuyananisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vavariro iyo vavariro dzekukurumidza dzinokundwa dzakakosha mumagariro evanhu. Izvo ndezvemagariro mumavambo uye zvinoreva, ndiko kuti, ivo vanoiswa nenzanga, vakakurira mumunhu.

Chechipiri chinodiwa chemupimo wehunhu kugona kugona kutonga maitiro ako pachako. Hutungamiri uhu hunoitwa pahwaro hwekuziva vavariro-zvinangwa nemisimboti. Chechipiri chiyereso chinosiyana nechokutanga pakuti chinofungidzira chaizvo kuzviisa pasi kwevavariro. Kungopindirana kwemaitiro (yekutanga chiyero) kunogona kunge kwakavakirwa pane zvakangoerekana zvaumbwa hutungamiri hwezvinangwa, uye kunyange "kuzvibata kwetsika": munhu angave asingazivi chii? kwakamuita kuti aite neimwe nzira, kunyanguvezvo aite tsika dzakati kuti. Saka, kunyangwe chiratidzo chechipiri chichirevawo maitiro ekuyananisa, ndiko kuyananisa chaiko kunosimbiswa. Inofungidzira kuvepo kwekuzviziva sechiitiko chakakosha chehunhu.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani maitiro aya, ngationgororei kusiyanisa muenzaniso mumwe - kutaridzika kwemunhu (mwana) nekunonoka kwakasimba mukukura kwehunhu.

Iyi inyaya yakasarudzika, ine chekuita nemukurumbira (saOlga Skorokhodova) matsi-bofu-mbeveve wekuAmerica Helen Keller. Mukuru Helen ave munhu ane tsika uye akadzidza kwazvo. Asi pazera remakore matanhatu, apo mudzidzisi muduku Anna Sullivan akasvika kumba kwevabereki vake kuti atange kudzidzisa musikana, akanga ari chisikwa chisina kujairika zvachose.

Panguva iyi, Helen akanga anyatsokura mupfungwa. Vabereki vake vaiva vanhu vakapfuma, uye Helen, mwana wavo mumwe chete, aipiwa ngwariro iri yose. Somugumisiro, airarama upenyu hwokushingaira, ainyatsoziva imba, aimhanya-mhanya mubindu nebindu, aiziva mhuka dzomumba, uye aiziva kushandisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvomumba. Akanga ari shamwari nomusikana mutema, mwanasikana womubiki, uye aitokurukura naye nomutauro wemasaini wavainzwisisa bedzi.

Uye panguva imwecheteyo, maitiro aHelen aive mufananidzo wakashata. Mumhuri, musikana wacho akazvidemba zvikuru, vaimufarira mune zvose uye nguva dzose vaizviisa kune zvaanoda. Somugumisiro, akava mudzvinyiriri wemhuri. Kana asingakwanisi kuwana chimwe chinhu kana kungonzwisiswa, akatsamwa, akatanga kukanda, kukwenya uye kuruma. Pakasvika mudzidzisi wacho, kurwisa kwakadaro kwechimbwamupengo kwakanga kwatodzokororwa kakawanda pazuva.

Anna Sullivan anotsanangura kuti musangano wavo wekutanga wakaitika sei. Musikana akanga akamumirira, sezvo akanga anyeverwa nezvekuuya kwemuenzi. Kunzwa nhanho, kana kuti, kunzwa kudengenyeka kubva pamatanho, iye, achikotamisa musoro wake, akamhanyira kunorwisa. Anna akaedza kumumbundira, asi nemakumbo nemapinji, musikana akazvisunungura kubva kwaari. Pakudya, mudzidzisi akanga akagara pedyo naHelen. Asi musikana kazhinji haana kugara panzvimbo yake, asi akafamba-famba patafura, achiisa maoko ake mundiro dzevamwe vanhu uye achisarudza zvaanoda. Ruoko rwaiva mundiro yemuenzi akabva arohwa nehana achibva agariswa pachair nechisimba. Achisvetuka kubva pachigaro, musikana akamhanyira kuhama dzake, asi akawana macheya asina chinhu. Mudzidzisi wacho akarayira zvakasimba kuti Helen asiyane nemhuri kwenguva pfupi, izvo zvainyatsoenderana nezvaaida. Saka musikana akapiwa musimba re "muvengi", kurwa kwakaramba kuchienderera kwenguva refu. Chero chiito chekubatana - kupfeka, kugeza, nezvimwewo - zvakakonzera kurwisa kwechisimba mukati make. Pane imwe nguva, nekurohwa kumeso, akadzura mudzidzisi mazino maviri epamberi. Pakanga pasina mubvunzo wekudzidziswa kupi nokupi. “Zvakanga zvakakodzera kutanga kudzora hasha dzake,” anonyora kudaro A. Sullivan (anokorwa mashoko mu: 77, p. 48-50).

Saka, tichishandisa pfungwa nezviratidzo zvakaongororwa pamusoro apa, tinogona kutaura kuti kusvika pazera remakore matanhatu, Helen Keller akanga asina kukura kweunhu, sezvo mafungiro ake epakarepo haana kungokundwa chete, asi akatokurirwa kusvika pamwero wakati nevakuru vakasununguka. Chinangwa chemudzidzisi - "kudzora hasha" dzemusikana - uye zvaireva kutanga kuumbwa kwehunhu hwake.