Mukati
Muna 1848, chingamu chekutanga chakaburitswa zviri pamutemo, icho chakaitwa nehama dzekuBritain Curtis ndokutanga kutengesa chigadzirwa chavo pamusika. Hazvina kunaka kutaura kuti nhoroondo yechigadzirwa ichi yakatanga kubva panguva iyoyo, nekuti prototypes yegum yaivapo kare.
Munguva yekuchera matongo, zvimedu zvakatsengwa zveresin kana nyuchi zvino uye zvino kuwanikwa - saka, muGreece yekare neMiddle East, vanhu kekutanga vakachenesa mazino avo kubva mumarara echikafu uye vakapa kutsva kukufema kwavo. MaIndia eMaya akashandisa rabha - muto wemuti weHevea, vanhu vekuSiberia - resin viscous yelarch, maAsia - musanganiswa wepepper betel mashizha uye lime yekuuraya utachiona.
Chicle - Native American prototype yazvino yekutsenga chingamu
Gare gare, maIndia akadzidza kufashaira sosi yakaunganidzwa kubva pamiti pamusoro pemoto, semugumisiro wechena chena yakaonekwa, yakapfava kupfuura yapfuura shanduro dzerabha. Aya ndiwo maberekero akaitwa chekutanga chekutsenga chingamu - chicle. Paive nezvirambidzo zvakawanda munharaunda yevaIndia yaidzora nekudzora mashandisiro echicle. Semuenzaniso, mune ruzhinji, vakadzi vasina kuroora chete nevana vaibvumidzwa kutsenga chingamu, asi vakadzi vakaroora vaigona kutsenga chicle chete kana pasina anovaona. Mumwe murume aitsenga chicle akapomedzerwa hupombwe uye nyadzi.
Iwo makoloni kubva kuNyika Yakare vakatora tsika yevagari vemo yekutsenga chicle uye vakatanga kuita bhizinesi pairi, kutumira chicle kunyika dzeEurope. Iko, zvisinei, zvaive zvakajairika kushandisa fodya yekutsenga, iyo yagara ichikwikwidza nechicle.
Chekutanga kugadzirwa kwekutsenga chingamu kwakatanga muzana ramakore rechi19, apo hama dzambotaurwa Curtis dzakatanga kurongedza zvidimbu zvepaini resini yakasanganiswa newakisi mupepa. Vakawedzera zvinonhuwira zveparafini kuitira kuti chingamu chinake zvakanyanya.
Iko kuisa toni yerabha? Ngatiendei tichitsenga chingamu!
Panguva imwecheteyo, bhandi rerabha rakapinda mumusika, iyo patent iyo yakagamuchirwa naWilliam Finley Semple. Bhizinesi reAmerican harina kushanda, asi zano rakakurumidza kutorwa neAmerican Thomas Adams. Atenga toni yerabha pamutengo wekutenga, haana kuwana chekushandisa pazviri uye akafunga kubika chingamu.
Zvinoshamisa kuti batch diki rakatengeswa nekukurumidza uye Adams akatanga kugadzirwa kwemazhinji. Kwapera chinguva, akawedzera licorice flavour uye akapa chewing gum chimiro chepenzura - gum yakadaro inorangarirwa neAmerica yose kusvikira nhasi.
Nguva yekurova chingamu
Muna 1880, kuravira kwakanyanya kwemint chewing gum kwakapinda mumusika, uye mumakore mashoma nyika ichaona muchero "Tutti-Frutti". Muna 1893, Wrigley akava mutungamiri mumusika wekucheka chingamu.
William Wrigley akatanga kuda kugadzira sipo. Asi muzvinabhizinesi anoshingairira akatevera kutungamira kwevatengi uye akagadzirisazve kugadzirwa kwake kune chimwe chigadzirwa - chingamu. Pfumo rake uye Chibereko chine muto zvaive zvakakurisa kurova, uye kambani iri kukurumidza kuve monopoly mumunda. Panguva imwecheteyo, chingamu inoshandurawo chimiro chayo - mahwendefa marefu akatetepa mumapakeji ega aive nyore kushandisa kupfuura matanda apfuura.
1906 - nguva yekuonekwa kwekutanga bubble gum Blibber-Blubber (bubble gum), iyo yakagadzirwa naFrank Fleer, uye muna 1928 yakagadziridzwa naFleer's accountant Walter Deamer. Kambani imwe chete yakagadzira gum-lollipops, iyo yaidiwa zvikuru, sezvo yaideredza kunhuwa kwedoro mumuromo.
Walter Diemer akagadzira gum formula inoramba iripo nanhasi: 20% rabha, 60% shuga, 29% sirapu yechibage, uye 1%.
Chewing chingamu isina kujairika: TOP 5
1. Mazino ekutsenga chingamu
Iyi chewing gum ine yakazara pasuru yemazino masevhisi: kuchena, kudzivirira caries, kubvisa mazino calculus. Ingori 2 pads pazuva - uye iwe unogona kukanganwa nezvekuenda kuna chiremba. Iyi iArm & Hammer Dental Care inokurudzirwa neUS vanachiremba vemazino. Chewing gum haina shuga, asi ine xylitol, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira kuora kwezino. Soda inoshanda se bleach, zinc inokonzera kutsva kwekufema.
2. Kutsenga chingamu mupfungwa
Muna 2007, Matt Davidson, ane makore makumi maviri nemana akapedza kudzidza mudzidzi muStanford University lab, akagadzira uye achagadzira Think Gum. Musayendisiti akashanda pamutsara wekugadzirwa kwake kwemakore anoverengeka. Iyo yekutsenga chingamu ine rosemary, mint, yakatorwa kubva kuIndia herb bacopa, guarana uye mamwe mazita akati wandei ezvirimwa zvinokanganisa zvakanangana nehuropi hwemunhu, kuvandudza ndangariro uye kuwedzera kutarisisa.
3. Kutsenga chingamu kuonda
Kurota kwese kurasikirwa uremu - hapana kudya, ingoshandisa uremu kutsenga chingamu! Icho chiri nechinangwa ichi mupfungwa kuti Zoft Slim chewing gum yakagadzirwa. Inodzvinyirira chido uye inokurudzira kuora muviri. Uye chigadziro cheHoodia Gordonii chinokonzera zvinhu izvi - cactus kubva kugwenga reSouth Africa, iyo inopedza nzara, inoderedza shuga yeropa uye cholesterol.
4. Simba rekutsenga chingamu
Kushandiswa kwezvinwiwa zvesimba kunopera kumashure nekuonekwa kweiyi simba gum, iyo inogona kuwedzera kushanda mumaminitsi gumi chete ekucheka - uye hapana kukuvadza mudumbu! Blitz Energy Gum ine 10 mg ye caffeine, B mavhitaminzi uye taurine mubhora rimwe chete. Kunhuhwirira kwechingamu ichi - mint uye sinamoni - kusarudza kubva.
5. Waini chingamu
Iye zvino, panzvimbo yegirazi yewaini yakanaka, unogona kungotsenga gum Gum, iyo inosanganisira poda yewaini yewaini, sherry, claret, burgundy uye champagne. Ehe, mafaro asina chokwadi kutsenga waini pane kuinwa, asi munyika dzechiIslam umo doro rinorambidzwa, chingamu ichi chakakurumbira.