Mukati
Kubva ndichiri mudiki, ndakanzwa nezvemuzivi wekare anonzi Diogenes weSinop, uyo “aigara mudhiramu. Ndakafunga chikepe chemapuranga chaoma, seyandakaona naambuya vangu mumusha. Uye handina kumbonzwisisa chikonzero nei murume akwegura (vazivi vose vairatidzika kwandiri sevarume vakuru panguva iyoyo) vaifanira kugara mumudziyo chaiwo wakadaro. Zvadaro, zvakazoitika kuti dhiramu raive ivhu uye rakakura, asi izvi hazvina kuderedza kushamisika kwangu. Zvakatowedzera pandakaziva kuti murume uyu airarama sei.
Vavengi vakamudaidza kuti "imbwa" (muchiGiriki - "kinos", saka izwi rekuti "cynicism") nekuda kwehupenyu hwake hwekusanyara uye kutaura kwekunyomba nguva dzose, izvo zvaasina skimp kunyangwe shamwari dzepedyo. Kunze kwaedza akadzungaira nerambi rakabatidza achiti ari kutsvaga munhu. Akarasa mukombe nendiro kure paakaona mukomana achinwa kubva paruoko uye achidya kubva mugomba rezvimedu zvechingwa, achiti: Mwana akandipfuura pahunyoro hwehupenyu. Diogenes akaseka kuberekwa kwakakwirira, kunonzi pfuma “kushongedza kwoushati” uye akataura kuti urombo ndiyo nzira bedzi yokutsinhirana nomusikirwo. Makore mazhinji chete gare gare ndakaona kuti hunhu hwehuzivi hwake hwakanga husiri mukuzvibata nemaune uye kukudzwa kweurombo, asi muchishuvo cherusununguko. Zvisinei, gangaidzo nderokuti rusununguko rwakadaro runowanwa pamutengo wokurega zvose zvinobatanidzwa, zvakanakira tsika, uye kunakidzwa noupenyu. Uye inoshanduka kuva huranda hutsva. Mutsoropodzi (mumataurirwo echiGiriki - "cynic") anorarama sokunge anotya zvishuwo-zvinobudisa zvikomborero zvekubudirira uye anotiza kubva kwavari, panzvimbo yekuzvirasa zvakasununguka uye zvine musoro.
Mazuva ake
- OK. 413 BC e.: Diogenes akaberekerwa muSinope (yaimbova koloni yechiGiriki); baba vake vaichinja mari. Maererano nengano, chirevo cheDelphic chakafanotaura zvaizoitika kune munyengeri. Diogenes anodzingwa muSinop - achipomerwa mhosva yekunyepedzera alloys anoshandiswa kugadzira mari. MuAtene, anova muteveri waAntisthenes, mudzidzi waSocrates uye muvambi wechikoro chouzivi chavatsoropodzi, achipemha, “achigara mudhiramu.” Mumwe akararama panguva imwe naDiogenes, Plato, akamudana kuti “anopenga Socrates.”
- Pakati pa360 na340 BC e.: Diogenes anodzungaira, achiparidza uzivi hwake, anobva abatwa nemakororo anomutengesa muuranda pachitsuwa cheKrete. Muzivi anova "tenzi" wemweya watenzi wake Xeniad, anodzidzisa vanakomana vake. Sezvineiwo, akaita mabasa ake zvakanaka zvokuti Xeniades akati: “Pamba pangu pakagara shasha ine mutsa.
- Pakati pa 327 na 321 BC e.: Diogenes akafa, maererano nemamwe mabhuku, muAthens netyphus.
Makiyi mashanu ekunzwisisa
Rarama zvaunotenda
Uzivi hausi mutambo wepfungwa, asi nzira yehupenyu mupfungwa yakazara yeshoko, Diogenes akatenda. Chikafu, zvipfeko, imba, mabasa ezuva nezuva, mari, hukama nevakuru nevamwe vanhu - zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kuve pasi pezvaunotenda kana usingade kutambisa hupenyu hwako. Ichi chishuvo - kurarama sekufunga kwemunhu - chinowanikwa kune zvikoro zvose zvefilosofi zvekare, asi pakati pevatsoropodzi zvakaratidzwa zvakanyanya. Nokuda kwaDiogenes navateveri vake, ikoku zvikurukuru kwakareva kuramba kokorodzano dzenzanga nezvinodikanwa zvenzanga.
kutevera zvisikwa
Chinhu chikuru, Diogenes akaita nharo, ndechokurarama mutsinhirano nechimiro chomunhu amene. Izvo zvinodikanwa nebudiriro yemunhu ndezvekunyepedzera, zvinopesana nehunhu hwake, uye saka muzivi anotsoropodza anofanira kuregeredza chero magungano ehupenyu hwemagariro. Basa, pfuma, chitendero, kuchena, etiquette zvinongoomesa hupenyu, zvinokanganisa kubva kune chinhu chikuru. Apo imwe nguva, vachitungamirirwa naDiogenes, vakarumbidza mumwe muzivi aigara padare raAlexander Mukuru uye, achiva aidiwa zvikuru, akadya naye, Diogenes akangonzwira tsitsi, kuti: “Zvinosuruvarisa, anodya pazvinofadza Alexander.”
Dzidzira pane zvawanyanya
Mukupisa kwechirimo, Diogenes aigara muzuva kana kuti kuumburuka pajecha rinopisa, muchando aimbundira zvidhori zvakafukidzwa nesinou. Akadzidza kutsungirira nzara nenyota, akazvikuvadza nemaune, achiedza kukunda. Uku kwaive kusiri masochism, muzivi aingoda kugadzirira chero kushamisika. Aidavira kuti kupfurikidza nokuzvirovedza amene nechakaipa zvikurusa, aisazotamburazve apo chakaipisisa chakaitika. Akatsvaga kuzvidzora kwete panyama chete, asiwo pamweya. Rimwe zuva, Diogenes, aigara achipemha, akatanga kupemha ... kubva padombo. Paakabvunzwa kuti nei achiita izvi, akapindura kuti, “Ndajaira kurambwa.”
kutsamwisa munhu wose
Muunyanzvi hwokudenha vanhu, Diogenes aisaziva mumwe munhu akafanana naye. Achizvidza chiremera, mitemo nezviratidzo zvenzanga zvomukurumbira, iye akaramba zviremera zvipi nezvipi, kubatanidza zvorudzidziso: iye akaitika kanopfuura kamwe kuzvipo zvakafanira zvakapiwa kuna vamwari mutembere. Sayenzi nehunyanzvi hazvidiwi, nekuti hunhu hukuru hunhu uye simba. Kuroora zvakare hakudiwi: vakadzi nevana vanofanirwa kuve vakajairwa, uye makunakuna haafaniri kunetseka chero munhu. Iwe unogona kutumira zvido zvako zvepanyama pamberi pevanhu vose - shure kwezvose, dzimwe mhuka hadzina kunyara pamusoro peizvi! Kwakadaro, mukuwirirana naDiogenes, mutengo worusununguko rwakakwana norwechokwadi.
Dzinga kubva kubarbarism
Ndepapi muganhu wechishuwo chekuda kwemunhu kudzokera kuhunhu hwake? Mukushora kwake budiriro, Diogenes akasvika pakunyanyisa. Asi radicalism ine ngozi: kuedza kwakadaro kune "zvakasikwa", kuverenga - mhuka, mararamiro ehupenyu anotungamirira kune barbarism, kuramba zvachose mutemo uye, semugumisiro, kune anti-humanism. Diogenes anotidzidzisa "nekusiyana": mushure mezvose, kune nzanga netsika dzayo dzekugarisana kwevanhu izvo isu tine chikwereti chehunhu hwedu. Achiramba tsika, anoratidza kudikanwa kwayo.