Diphtheria chirwere chinotapukira chebhakitiriya chinopararira pakati pevanhu uye chinokonzera hutachiona hwepamusoro hwekufema, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko ekufema uye kufema. Diphtheria yakakonzera denda rinoparadza munyika yose munhau yose, uye pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 7, hosha yacho yakanga ichiri chikonzero chikuru chokufa kwevacheche muFrance. Haisisiri munyika dzakabudirira umo zviitiko zvisingawanzo onekwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Zvisinei, hosha yacho ichiri chinetso cheutano mumativi enyika umo kubaiwa majekiseni evana kusiri muitiro. Mhosva dzinopfuura 000 dzakashumwa kuWHO pasi rose muna 2014. (1)

Musiyano unoitwa pakati pekufema diphtheria uye cutaneous diphtheria.

Pashure penguva yemazuva maviri kusvika mashanu, chirwere chinozviratidza sekurwadziwa kwehuro: kutsamwa kwehuro, fivha, kuputika kwezvipembenene mumutsipa. Chirwere ichi chinozivikanwa nekuumbwa kwemavara machena kana grey pahuro uye dzimwe nguva mhino, zvichiita kuti kuoma kumedza uye kufema (muchiGiriki, "diphtheria" zvinoreva "membrane").

Kana ari cutaneous diphtheria, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa, ma membranes aya anowanikwa pamwero weronda.

Diphtheria inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, iyo inorwisa matishu epahuro. Inoburitsa muchetura unokonzera kuungana kwenyama yakafa (membrane yenhema) inogona kusvika pakuvharisa nzira dzemhepo. Muchetura uyu unogonawo kupararira muropa zvokonzera kukuvadzwa kwemoyo, itsvo netsinga.

Mamwe marudzi maviri ebhakitiriya anokwanisa kugadzira diphtheria toxin uye saka anokonzera chirwere: Corynebacterium maronda et Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

Diphtheria yekufema inoparadzirwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu kuburikidza nemadonhwe anoratidzwa panguva yekukosora nekuhotsira. Utachiona hunobva hwapinda nemumhino nemumuromo. Cutaneous diphtheria, iyo inoonekwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinopisa, inopararira kuburikidza nekubata zvakananga neronda.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, zvakasiyana Corynebacterium diphtheriae iyo inotapurirwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu, mamwe mabhakitiriya maviri anokonzera diphtheria anotapurirwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu (aya mazoonoses):

• Corynebacterium maronda inotapurirwa nekudya mukaka wakabikwa kana kubata mombe nemhuka dzinovaraidza.
• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, iyo isingawanzoitiki, inotapurirwa nekusangana nembudzi.

Muma latitudes edu, inguva yechando iyo diphtheria inowanzoitika, asi munzvimbo dzinopisa inoonekwa gore rose. Kupararira kwedenda kunokanganisa zviri nyore nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.

Mushonga

Vaccine yevana inosungirwa. Sangano reWorld Health Organisation rinokurudzira kuti jekiseni ripiwe rakabatana nere tetanus nepertussis (DCT), pamavhiki matanhatu, gumi negumi nemana, kwozoteverwa nemabooster shots makore gumi ega ega. Kubaiwa kwejekiseni kunodzivirira kufa kwevanhu vanosvika miriyoni maviri kusvika matatu kubva kuchirwere chediphtheria, tetanus, pertussis negwirikwiti gore rega rega pasi rose, maererano nefungidziro yeWHO. (6)

Kurapa

Kurapa kunosanganisira kupa anti-diphtheria serum nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kumisa kuita kwechepfu inogadzirwa nebhakitiriya. Inoperekedzwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuuraya utachiona. Murwere anogona kuiswa munzvimbo yekufema ega kwemazuva mashoma kuitira kudzivirira kutapukira nevanhu vakamupoteredza. Inenge 10% yevanhu vane diphtheria vanofa, kunyange nekurapwa, WHO inoyambira.