Dracaena kumba
Makore zana apfuura, chirimwa ichi munyika medu chainzi dhiragoni. Uye iyo inoshamisa maonero ndiro zita rinotyisa reDhiragoni Tree. Nekudaro, ikozvino mamwe marudzi mazhinji anoshandiswa mumukati floriculture. Ngativazive zviri nani

Dracaena (Dracaena) kubva kumhuri yeAsparagus inogara mumasikirwo munzvimbo dzinopisa, pamwe nepasi peEurope. Kune anopfuura 100 marudzi emiti nemakwenzi erudzi urwu munyika. Mune indoor floriculture, hongu, nhamba shoma yemarudzi anoshandiswa, asi iwo ese anosiyana mukutaridzika kwawo kunoshamisa uye kusazvidzikisira, inova hunhu hwezvinomera zvinonaka (1).

Imwe ngano yekare yeAztec inotaura zvakanaka nezvemhando yedracaena.

Murwi akakumbira mwanasikana wemutungamiri kuti ave mukadzi wake. Baba vakati: tora tsvimbo, uiise muvhu, inidiridza, kana mushure memazuva mashanu mashizha akaonekwa pairi, ndichapa mwanasikana wangu. Murwi akatora tsvimbo yedracaena, akainamatira mukati uye ... akaroora nemufaro. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei dracaena ichinzi "muti wemufaro."

Mhando dzedracaena kumba

Pahuwandu hukuru hwemhando dzedracaena mune yemukati floriculture, kunyanya mana emarudzi anoshandiswa - Godsef's dracaena, Sander's dracaena, inonhuhwirira dracaena uye inoganhurana dracaena. Aya ndiwo marudzi asina kuzvikudza.


Dracaena ine muganhu (Dracaena marginata). Iyi inoshamisa inogara yakasvibira kumba inokura kusvika 3 m. Iine mashizha nhete kusvika masendimita makumi manomwe kureba, kazhinji kacho yakasvibira yakasvibira ine muganhu wakamanikana webeet-brown kumucheto. Nekutarisira kwakanaka kwazvo uye mamiriro akanaka, dracaena inogona kukanda amburera inflorescences nemaruva machena madiki ane kunhuhwirira kwakasimba. Vanovhura husiku chete (70).

Mhando iyi ine mhando dzakawanda dzinonakidza:

  • Bicolor (Bicolor) - nemashizha akasvibira akajeka ane mutsara wepingi.
  • Colorama - mashizha ake akasvibirira nechepasi, uye anenge akazara burgundy kumusoro, ruvara rwegirini haruoneki.
  • Magenta - nemashizha akasvibira akajeka ane mutsara mutsvuku.
  • Tricolor (Tricolor) - nemashizha ane mutsara wakatsvuka-yellow.

Dracaena Sandera (Dracaenasanderiana). Lucky Bamboo (Bamboo of joy) - rudzi urwu rwedracaena runotengeswa pasi pezita iri. Sezvo mutemo, ichi hachisi chirimwa chakasiyana, asi kuumbwa kwematande akawanda ane mashizha kumusoro.

Dracaena Sandera inokura kusvika 1 m kureba. Igwenzi rakatetepa rine hunde yakasvibira. Matavi anokura akamira, mashizha ane sirivheri ane wavy mupendero 3-4 cm paupamhi uye 26 cm kureba anoita senge lancet.

Mhando iyi ine zvakare akati wandei anonakidza marudzi:

  • Golden lotus (Golden Lotus) - nemashizha ane mitsetse yero;
  • Lucky Goridhe - nemashizha akasvibira akajeka uye muganhu weyero;
  • Mwedzi (Moon Shine) - nemashizha akasvibirira ane mavara machena uye esirivha;
  • Chena - nemashizha machena epakutanga ane mutsara wakajeka wegirini pakati;
  • Yekudenga - imhando iyi ine mashizha akasvibira akareruka anotengeswa pasi pezita rekuti Lucky Bamboo.

Dracaena Godseffiana (Dracaena Godseffiana). Iyi mhuka inowanzonzi "golden dracaena" uye kunze kwayo yakasiyana zvikuru nedzimwe. Kureba kwayo kunongova masendimita makumi matanhatu chete, mahwendefa emashizha ane oval ane mapikisi akapinza uye ruvara rwepakutanga: girini ine mavara mazhinji machena kana makirimu. Uyezve, mashizha akapfava uye anotsvedzerera kukubata. Ichi chitarisiko chepakutanga chinowanzo tungamira kuna Godsef's dracaena kuvhiringika ne aucuba uye kunyange dieffenbachia.

Iyo shrub inokura nekukurumidza muhupamhi nekuda kwekushanda branching. Miti midiki kazhinji inotumbuka nemaruva madiki, anonhuwirira-yegirini.

Iyi mhuka inoda chiedza chakapararira, asi mumumvuri inokurumidza kurasikirwa nemuvara wepakutanga wemashizha.

Mhando dzinonyanya kufarirwa:

  • Milky Way - iyo yakawanda yakasiyana-siyana ine mashizha mune chiedza chemavara uye mutsara wakachena pakati;
  • Janita (Juanita) - ane mashizha akasvibirira ane blurry pattern yekrimu mavara uye mutsara wakamanikana muchena pakati;
  • Florida Runako (Florida Runako) - ine makwapa ekrimu pamashizha uye mutsetse weyero pakati.

Dracaena inonhuhwirira (Dracaena anonhuwirira). Iyi dracaena inonyanya kufarirwa nevarimi vemaruva; yakashongedzwa nemahofisi nemafoya ezvivakwa zveveruzhinji. Nekutarisirwa kwakanaka, inokura kusvika 2 m. Akareba, akarembera, mashizha akakombama zvishoma anounganidzwa mune rosette. Dzakapenya, dzakasvibira dzine mitsetse yakafara. Kureba kwemashizha kunogona kusvika 1 m nehupamhi hwemasendimita gumi. Muzvisikwa uye greenhouses, inonhuhwirira dracaena inotumbuka zvinobudirira, ichiburitsa kunhuhwirira kwehuchi nehuswa. Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu emukamuri hazvibviri kuwana maruva.

Zvinotendwa kuti rudzi urwu rwedracaena runochenesa mweya wemukati kubva benzene, trichlorethylene uye formaldehyde.

Mhando dzinonyanya kufarirwa:

  • Massangeana (Massangeana) - ine variegated mashizha uye yakakura yero mutsara pakati peshizha rimwe nerimwe;
  • Варнески (Werneckii) - nemashizha akasvibira akajeka ane muganhu wakafara wakachena;
  • Malayan (Malaika) - compact chirimwa (shizha kureba haapfuuri 40 cm) ine mashizha akasvibira, ane mutsara wegirinhi pakati, muganho muchena unoshanduka kuita girinhi yakasviba;
  • Janet Craig - gwenzi guru rinosvika 2 m kureba nerima rakasvibira, sekunge ribbe rinosiya kupfuura 30 cm kureba.

Dracaena kutarisira kumba

Paunenge uchikura dracaena, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti izvi zvirimwa zvemunzvimbo dzinopisa. Nokudaro, nokuda kwekukura kwemazuva ose, vanoda tembiricha ye +18 ... +25 ° С, uye munguva yechando, panguva yekuzorora, vanoda tembiricha isiri yakaderera pane +12 ° С, asi kwete yakakwirira kupfuura +18 ° С.

Ground

Dracaena inofarira ivhu rine acidic kana zvishoma acidic reaction. Dzinofanira kuva dzakaorera, dzakanyatsodururwa, asi dzakanyatsorema. Iwe unogona kushandisa yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa ivhu kumichindwe.

Kana kuti uzvigadzirire iwe kubva kune soddy ivhu, mashizha humus, ivhu uye jecha rakaoma kana perlite (1: 1: 1: 1: 1). Kana uchidyara zvirimwa zvevanhu vakuru (anopfuura makore mana), chikamu che humus chinowedzerwa kusvika kuzvikamu zvitatu.

Lighting

Mazhinji emhando uye marudzi anogona kukura kwete chete muchiedza chakapararira, asiwo mumumvuri, asi ruvara rwemashizha mune yekupedzisira kesi ichave isina kujeka.

Nzvimbo yakanakisisa yehari ine dracaena ndiyo sill yewindo rezasi kana kumadokero kwehwindo.

unyoro

Mazhinji emhando dze dracaena dzinodzivirira kusanaya kwemvura, asi chimiro chakanaka uye ruvara rwakajeka rwemashizha, kukura kwakanaka kunoenderana nekudiridza kwepamusoro. Kudiridza kunofanirwa kuitwa nguva dzose mushure mekunge ivhu raoma kusvika pakadzika 2 - 3 cm.

Dracaena inopindura zvakanaka kupfapfaidza nguva dzose nemvura yakapfava. Muzhizha, zvinokurudzirwa kuronga mvura inodziya kamwe chete pazuva 1 kusvika ku7.

Munguva yekuzorora, munguva yechando, kudiridza kunoderedzwa kusvika 1 nguva pamwedzi.

fertilizer

Paunenge uchidyara kana kuisa dracaena muvhu, iwe unogona kuwedzera yakaoma mineral fetiraiza yekushongedza mashizha mashizha. Usashandise madota nemafetereza ane calcium yakawanda.

Kudyisa

Dracaena inogadzirwa kubva muna Kubvumbi kusvika Gunyana 1 nguva mumazuva 14 - 15.

- Kana zvisingabviri kugara uchidyisa dracaena, ndinokupa zano kuti ushandise matanda efetiraiza - 2 - 4 zvidimbu pahari, zvichienderana nekukura kwechirimwa kwemwedzi miviri, - inopa zano muunganidzi wezvirimwa zvemukati Elizaveta Starostina.

Trimming

Dracaena inokura pachayo chete kumusoro, nepo mashizha ezasi anofa uye anofumura hunde. Kuita kuti iite semuti wakanaka kana gwenzi rakasvibirira, kuchekerera kwemaitiro kunoitwa. Sezvo mutemo, kuchekerera kwekutanga kunoitwa pakureba kwe30 cm. Haasi marudzi ese anoda kugadzirisa kureba kwechirimwa, kazhinji kuchekerera kwepamusoro kunoitwa mumarginal dracaena, reflex dracaena uye dracaena inonhuhwirira.

Kana iyo dracaena ine-multi-stemmed, ipapo hunde dzakatemwa pahupamhi hwakasiyana.

Iyo saiti yakachekwa inobatwa neinosimudzira kukura, yozochengetedzwa nenamo yebindu kana wakisi. Kuti umutse huwandu hwehuwandu hwemabhudhi, misoro yematanda akachekwa akaputirwa ne moss uye kuputira kwepurasitiki, umo mapuncture akawanda anogadzirwa netsono.

Mushure mekuchekerera, mabuds akawanda anoumba pahunde. Kana vakaiswa symmetrically, ipapo munhu wose anovasiya; kana dzakanyanya kuswedera kune imwe, ipapo dzakanyanya uye dzisina simba dzinodzurwa.

Nguva yakanakisisa yekugadzira kuchekerera ndeyeApril kana hafu yekutanga yaMay. Mushure mekuchekerera, zvinomera zvinoiswa munzvimbo inopenya ine tembiricha yemhepo ye + 25 ° C uye inogara ichipfapfaidzwa nemvura inodziya inodziya.

Pamusoro pekugadzira kuchekerera, kuchekerera kwakachena kunoshandiswawo. Chokutanga pane zvose, inodiwa manheru echando uye kutanga kwechirimo kuitira kuti ubvise zvikamu zvakaomeswa zvemashizha emashizha, sezvo kunyange mune iyi fomu vanobvisa chikamu chekudya kubva mumiti yose.

Kuberekwa kwe dracaena kumba

Kukura kubva kumbeu inguva yakareba uye kashoma kupa mhedzisiro yakanaka. Asi dracaena inoparadzirwa nyore nyore neapical cuttings uye stem zvidimbu.

Cuttings. Pakuparadzira nekucheka, zvakakosha kuve nebanga rakapinza, mapoto madiki ane substrate yakareruka, nzvimbo inopenya ine tembiricha ye + 25 ° C.

Iwo akachekwa anochekwa kubva padzinde risina chinhu, achisarudza nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mashizha (kureva kuti, kucheka kunogadzirwa pamusoro kana pasi pe internode), kucheka kunopfurwa nemidzi yekugadzira stimulator, yakaiswa pasi pasi, ichidurura. 2 cm yevhu pamusoro. Poto ine kucheka kwemwedzi yakafukidzwa nechirongo kana bhegi repurasitiki. Pangosvika nhungirwa kubva pasi, pekugara inobviswa uye zvinomera zvinotanga kukura kuti zviwedzere kudyarwa muhari.

Zvicherwa kubva padanda risina chinhu zvinogona kuiswa mugirazi remvura uye donhwe reZircon, uye kana rudiments yemidzi ichionekwa, yakasimwa muhari ine chiedza substrate.

Misoro yenhungirwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuparadzira dracaena nekudzura misoro yenhungirwa inosara mushure mekuchekerera zvirimwa zvevanhu vakuru. Iyo yepasi yakatemwa yakasvibiswa neKornevin, yakadzika 2-4 cm muvhu rakareruka, chirimwa chakafukidzwa nebhegi repurasitiki rine punctures akati wandei uye rinoiswa munzvimbo inopenya, inodziya yemidzi. Kana mashizha matsva angotanga kukura, chirimwa chinogona kuisirwa muhari.

Saizvozvo midzi uye lateral nhungirwa, iyo inoumbwa kubva kune buds mushure mekuchekerera.

Dracaena transplant kumba

Nguva yakanakisisa yekudyara ichirimo. Nguva yekutanga iyo dracaena inosimwa mwedzi mushure mekutenga. Iyo poto inotorwa kupfuura 2 cm mudhayamita. Ipapo kuisirwa kunoitwa makore maviri - matatu ega ega, kuwedzera huwandu hwehari uye kuzorodza ivhu. Zvisinei, muchirimo chega chega ivhu repamusoro rinovandudzwa.

Usati wadyarwa, zvirimwa hazvina kudiridzwa kwemazuva mana. Bundu revhu rinotorwa zvakanyatsonaka, midzi inoongororwa, iyo yakakanganiswa inobviswa, zvikamu zvinoputirwa nedota. Pakati pevhu revhu nemadziro ehari inofanira kuva 4 - 1,5 cm.

Makomba emvura uye mvura muchimiro chevhu rakawedzerwa kana hurungudo zvinodiwa.

Kana chirimwa chacho chiri chikuru uye chekare, saka zviri nani kushandisa nzira yekushandura, kunyatsochengetedza chivharo chevhu. Kune zvirimwa zvakakura, tenga hari yegirazi yakagadzikana.

- Kana iyo dracaena ikakura zvisina kunaka, kana iwe ukawana midzi yaora, kurumidza kuisirwa. Kunyangwe munguva yechando, - inokurudzira muunganidzi Elizaveta Starostina. "Iyi ndiyo nzira yechokwadi yekuchengetedza chirimwa.

Zvirwere zvedracaena kumba

Alternaria. Inoratidzika semakwapa akaoma ane chiedza chepakati pamashizha nemadzinde. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nyama yakakanganiswa inoshanduka kuva dema.

Chirwere ichi chinodzvinyirirwa nekupfapfaidza necopper-container fungicides kana Fundazol. Kurapa kwezvirimwa zvinorwara kunoitwa katatu nepakati pemazuva gumi.

Tomato spotted wilt virus. Zvidyarwa zvine hutachiona zvinotanga kusarira kumashure mukukura, mashizha madiki akaremara, mitsara yebrown longitudinal uye mavara anoonekwa paari.

Haisi pasi pekurapwa - zvirimwa zvinoparadzwa.

Phyllostictosis. Inokanganisa mashizha, ichisiya mavara makuru akacheneruka paari ane muganhu weyero-yegirini, ayo anooma nekukurumidza.

Topaz neOksihom fungicides inoshandiswa kuchengetedza chirimwa.

Homemade dracaena zvipembenene

Mealybug. Inorwisa mashizha nemadzinde uye inogona kuzivikanwa nekubuda kwayo kwekotoni, waxy.

Zvirimwa zvinofanira kushambidzwa pasi pekugezera, uchishandisa sopo solution. Wobva wapfapfaidza neAktara kana gadziriro yeAktellik (3). Dzokorora kurapwa mushure memazuva 10-14.

Spider mite. Iyo inozadza chirimwa kana mukamuri ine mhepo yakaoma uye inodziya. Muchiedza, punctures pamashizha inoonekwa, ine nhamba yakawanda yezvipembenene, cobwebs inoonekwa.

Zvirimwa zvinopfapfaidzwa kaviri nenguva yemazuva gumi nemana neAcarin, Bicol kana Fitoverm (14).

Thrips. Izvi zvipembenene zviduku zvinogara pasi pemashizha uye zvinodya muto wechirimwa. Mashizha anova grey-brown hue ane silvery sheen.

Zvakakosha kupfira mbeu neAktellik 2-3 nguva.

Shchitovka. Inobata mashizha, trunk nematavi, ichidzvinyirira chirimwa.

Zvipembenene zvinobviswa nekotoni swab yakanyikwa mudoro. Chirimwa chacho chinogezwa nemvura ine sipo. Zvisaririra zvezvipembenene zvinoparadzwa neActellik.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takabvunza nezve gardenia muunganidzi wemumba Elizaveta Starostina - akapindura mibvunzo yakakurumbira yevarimi vemaruva.

Ungasarudza sei dracaena?
Usati waenda kuchitoro chemaruva, funga nezvechinangwa chaunoda kutenga chirimwa ichi. Muchitoro, nyatsoongorora dracaena kuitira kuti parege kuva nezviratidzo zvezvirwere uye zvipembenene. Kana ane matipi emashizha akaoma, ichi chatova chirimwa chine dambudziko chakasangana nekushushikana kubva mukukanganisa kwekutarisira.
Ndeipi hari inoda dracaena?
Kumiti miduku, hari haifaniri kuva yakakura kana yakakura. Chimiro chayo chinofanira kuwirirana. Asi kune yakakura dracaena yakakura, zviri nani kusarudza yakakwirira, yakagadzikana, inorema zvakakwana kuti irege kupeta. Chero zvinhu. Ini handikurudzire kudyara dracaena mumapoto nekudiridza otomatiki - kune njodzi yakakura yekuora kwemidzi.
Sei mashizha e dracaena achishanduka yero?
Kazhinji, mashizha anoshanduka yero nekuda kwekudiridza zvakanyanya. Vanova lethargic uye zvishoma nezvishoma vanochinja ruvara uye vanofa. Sezvo mutemo, izvi zvinoperekedzwa nekurasikirwa kwe elasticity ye trunk bark. Chimwe chikonzero chakanyanya kuoma mhepo yemukati.
Sei mashizha e dracaena achidonha?
Zvikonzero zvinogona kuva zvakawanda:

- kukwegura kwepanyama;

- kushayikwa kana kuwanda kwehunyoro;

- zvirwere kana zvipembenene.

Sei dracaena yakaoma?
Chikonzero apo mashizha nemakwati ehunde yakaoma ndeyekunyanyisa kwevhu unyoro. Mazano emashizha anogonawo kuoma nekuda kwekuti iwe unobvumira chivharo chevhu kuti chiome. Zvisinei, kana dracaena inotanga kuoma kubva kumusoro, ipapo chiedza chezuva chakananga muzhizha chinogona kuva chikonzero.

Zvitubu zve

  1. Ivanina LI Dracaenaceae mhuri / Hupenyu hwezvirimwa: mumavhoriyamu matanhatu // M .: Dzidzo, 6.
  2. Huxley A. Idzva RHS Duramazwi reGadheni. - 2: 96-97 // Macmillan, 1992
  3. Katalog yehurumende yemishonga yezvipembenene neagrochemicals yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

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