Pine black
Kunze, inofanana neyechinyakare yedu Scotch pine, asi tsono dzayo dzakasvibira zvakanyanya. Muti wacho unoshongedza zvikuru uye unogara uri chinhu chinogamuchirwa kuseri kwemba. Asi black pine muenzi wekumaodzanyemba. Zvinoita here kuikurira pakati penzira?

Black pine inowanikwa kuBalkan Peninsula. Muzvisikwa, inowanikwa muBulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia neHerzegovina, North Macedonia, Albania, Greece, uyewo munyika dzakapoteredza - Austria, Italy, Slovenia. Idzi inyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya, asi inogara kunyanya mumakomo, saka yakajaira sinou uye kutonhora. Saka, inogona kukura muNyika Yedu.

Black pine (Pinus nigra) muti une simba, unowanzosvika kureba kwema 20-30 m, asi kune mienzaniso ye 50 m. Asi iyo yakareba kwenguva refu: mumapaini edu inenge 2 cm, uye mutema pine - 5 - 10 cm.

Pazera duku, miti ine chimiro checonical, mienzaniso yevanhu vakuru inofanana neamburera.

Kune akati wandei ma subspecies uye akasiyana dema pine, pakati pawo, semuenzaniso, Crimean pine, inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzedu dzeBlack Sea. Zvakanaka, uye sezvo iine mutsauko mune zvakasikwa, varimi vaisagona kubatsira asi kutora mukana weizvi uye vakawana akati wandei anonakidza marudzi.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepaini

Kune akawanda awo uye ese ari echisikigo masitations.

Bambino (Bambino). A compact akasiyana ane spherical korona - iyo yakakura dhayamita ndeye 2 m. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, inopa kuwedzera kwete kupfuura 4 cm pagore. Tsono dzakasvibira dzakasvibira, asi munguva yechando inochinja ruvara kuita grey-girini. Kupokana nechando kune kusimba - kusvika -28 ° С.

Brepo (Brepo). Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chimiro chebhora renguva dzose. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, pazera remakore gumi haipfuuri 10 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira. Kudzivirira kwechando kunodzika kusvika -50 ° C, asi sezvo miti yakanyatsobatana, pasi pechando inogona kushivirira kutonhora kwakadzika.

Globose (Globose). Iri zvakare denderedzwa rakasiyana-siyana, asi rakakura - rinosvika 3 m kureba. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, inotaridzika zvikuru. Tsono dzakasvibira. Kuramba kwechando - kusvika -28 ° С.

Green Tower (Green Tower). Zita remhando iyi inoshandurwa se "green tower", iyo inonyatsoratidza hunhu hwayo - iyi ndiyo yakaderera columnar miti. Pazera remakore gumi, kureba kwavo hakupfuuri 10 m nehupamhi hwe 2,5 m, uye nezera remakore makumi matatu rinosvika mamita mashanu. Tsono dzemhando iyi dzakareba, kusvika 1 cm, dzakasvibira. Kupokana nechando hakuna kupfuura -30 ° С.

Green Rocket (Green Rocket). Chimwe chimiro chepiramidi. Pazera remakore gumi, inosvika kureba 10-2 m nekorona dhayamita isingasviki 2,5 m. Mienzaniso yevakuru kazhinji haipfuure 1 m, uye iyo yakakura dhayamita 6 m. Tsono dzayo dzakareba, dzakasvibira, asi dzakareruka kupfuura mamwe marudzi. Kudzivirira kwechando hakupfuuri -2 °C.

Nana (Nana). Iyi imhando yakasviba 2 m kureba (kashoma inokura kusvika 3 m) uye dhayamita imwechete. Iine chimiro chepiramidhi yakafara. Tsono dzakasvibira dzakasvibira, 10 cm kureba, dzakaoma, asi kwete prickly. Kuramba kwechando - kusvika -28 ° С.

Oregon Green (Oregon Green). Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chimiro cheasymmetric cone. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma - nezera remakore makumi matatu inosvika kureba kwe30 - 6 m, asi gare gare inogona kusvika kusvika mamita gumi nemashanu. Pakukura kwechidiki, tsono dzakasvibirira, dzobva dzasviba. Kuramba kwechando - kusvika -8 ° С.

pyramidalis (Pyramidalis). Zita remhando iyi rinoratidzawo chimiro chekorona - iri pyramidal. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, inopa kuwedzera kwemasendimita makumi maviri pagore, inosvika kureba kwema 20 m nezera remakore 30. Iyo yakareba yakareba mamita masere, uye korona yakareba mamita matatu. Tsono dzakasvibira dzakasvibira, dzakaoma, 6 cm kureba. Kupikisa kwechando - kusvika -8 ° С .

fastigiata (Fastigiata). Iyo yakasiyana-siyana inonakidza pakukura kwayo: pazera diki, zvinomera zvinotaridzika senge mbiru yakamanikana ine symmetrical matavi, asi miti yakakura inowana yakasarudzika amburera chimiro. Iri giredhi repamusoro-soro - kusvika 20 - 45 m. Kuramba kwechando - kusvika -28 ° С.

Hornibrookiana (Hornibrookiana). Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvine korona yakatenderera, isina kuumbwa. Kureba uye dhayamita hazvipfuuri 2 m. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, kukura kwegore negore ndeye 10 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira. Kuramba kwechando - kusvika -28 ° С.

Kudyara black pine

Mbeu dzepaini dzakasviba dzinotengeswa mumidziyo, saka dzinogona kudyarwa mukati memwaka wekudziya - kubva pakati paApril kusvika pakati paOctober.

Iwe haufanirwe kuchera gomba rakakura - rinofanira kunge rakakura zvishoma pane saizi yemudziyo. Paunenge uchidyara, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti chiyero chevhu muhari chinoenderana nehuwandu hwevhu mubindu - midzi yemutsipa haifaniri kuvigwa.

black pine care

Dambudziko guru repaini dema nderokushomeka kwechando. Mhando dzakawanda dzinoshingirira chando chete kusvika -28 ° C. Mabhuku ereferensi anoratidza kusamira kwechando kumwechete kumiti yemarudzi. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, vanogona kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Maererano ne breeder-dendrologist, Chiremba weAgricultural Sciences Nikolai Vekhov (akatungamira Lipetsk experimental station kwemakore 30), black pine munguva yechando yakaoma ye1939-1940 uye 1941-1942 yakashingirira kutonhora kwe-40 ° C pasina matambudziko. Uye haana kana kutonhora.

Zvisinei, pachine ngozi. Nyanzvi hadzikurudziri kukura pamusoro pemiganhu yenharaunda dzeSaratov neTambov. Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti munzvimbo dzakadzika uye musango-steppe dzakagadzikana, asi munharaunda yeMoscow inokura zvakashata uye inotonhora. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura yakaratidza kusimba munharaunda huru.

Ground

Muzvisikwa, mupaini wakasviba kazhinji unokura paivhu re calcareous, rakaoma uye rine matombo, asi kazhinji harisi kudiwa pavhu - rinogona kudyarwa pajecha roam, light loam, uye ivhu dema. Chinhu chimwe chete chaasingafarire ivhu rinorema uye rakanyorova zvakanyanya.

Lighting

Yedu Scotch pine ine photophilous, asi dema pine inoshivirira kumwenje. Hongu, iye anodawo zuva, asi anoshivirira lateral shading pasina matambudziko.

Kudiridza

Inodiwa chete mugore rokutanga mushure mekudyara mbeu. Uye ipapo kudiridza hakudiwi - dema pine inomira zvakanyanya kusanaya uye inodzivirira kupisa.

fertilizer

Pakudyara mugomba, hapana fetereza inoda kuiswa.

Kudyisa

Izvo zvakare hazvidiwi - muzvisikwa, dema pine inokura pane ivhu rakashata, iyo pachayo inokwanisa kuzviwanira chikafu.

Kuberekwa kwepaini yakasviba

Mhando dzepaini dzinogona kuparadzirwa nemhodzi. Black pine cones inoibva mugore rechipiri, muchirimo. Asi mbeu dzinoda nguva yekutonhora kwedormancy, saka dzinofanirwa kucheneswa dzisati dzadyarwa. Kuti vaite izvi, vanofanira kusanganiswa nejecha rakanyorova uye kutumirwa kwemwedzi mufiriji. Mushure meizvi, vanogona kudyarwa muvhu rakavhurika - kusvika pakadzika 1,5 cm.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoparidzirwa nekubatanidza.

Kuedza kuparadzira black pine kubva kukucheka kunenge kusingabudiriri.

Zvirwere zvepaini mutema

Kazhinji, black pine chirimwa chinodzivirira zvirwere, asi zvichiri kuitika.

Pine spinner (pfuti ngura). Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvirwere zvinotyisa zvepaini mutema. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere zvinowanzoonekwa mukudonha - tsono dzinowana ruvara rwakatsvuka, asi usadonha. Iyo pathogen fungus inokura nekukurumidza uye chaiyo mumakore 1 - 2 inogona kuparadza zvachose muti.

Iyo yepakati yepakati yefungus iyi ispen uye poplar. Iri pavari iyo inoumba spores iyo inokanganisa mapaini zvakare uye zvakare.

Kurapa kwemiti yakakanganiswa kunofanira kutanga nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa Bordeaux liquid (1%). Kurapa kwekutanga kunoitwa mukutanga kwaMay, uyezve imwe 2 - 3 sprayings nechinguva chemazuva mashanu.

Brown Shutte (brown snow mold). Shutte ine marudzi akati wandei, asi ine brown inobata black pine. Iyo peculiarity yeiyi pathogenic fungus ndeyekuti kukura kwayo kunoshanda kunoitika mumwedzi yechando. Unogona kuziva chirwere netsono dzebrown dzine jira jena.

Chirwere ichi chinorapika; nokuda kweizvi, mishonga Hom kana Racurs inoshandiswa (1).

Shoot cancer (scleroderriosis). Chirwere ichi chinokanganisa marudzi akasiyana epaini, kusanganisira dema. Inorova, sezvinoreva zita racho, inopfura, asi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kuonekwa pane tsono - pamagumo ematavi, inodonha mumhando yemaamburera. Kutanga, tsono dzinoshandura yero-girinhi, uye mushure mekunge chando chanyunguduka (kazhinji mukati memazuva mashoma) inova tsvuku-tsvuku. Chirwere ichi chinopararira nemuti kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Kana isina kurapwa, nekufamba kwenguva, nzvimbo dzakafa dzinobuda pamakwati (2).

Mipaini midiki, iyo dhayamita yehunde isingapfuuri 1 cm, inowanzofa. Kurapa kwezvirimwa zvekare, mushonga Fundazol unoshandiswa.

zvipembenene zvepaini zvitema

Kusiyana neScots pine, iyo inokanganiswa nezvipembenene zvakawanda, dema pine yakagadzikana - kashoma chero munhu akagadzirira kuichiva. Iwe unogona kumaka, zvichida, chipembenene chimwe chete.

Shield pine. Inogara pamapine chete, kazhinji paScotch pine, asi kazhinji yakagadzirira kudya chero mhando, kusanganisira dema pine. Ichi chipembenene chiduku, vanhu vakuru vane 1,5 - 2 mm muhukuru uye vanowanzogara kumashure kwetsono. Nekuda kweizvozvo, tsono dzinoita shava uye dzinoputsika. Kazhinji kazhinji inokuvadza miti midiki kusvika kumakore mashanu (5).

Kurwisa chipembenene chechiyero harisi basa riri nyore. Zvipembenene hazvina kufamba, asi zvakafukidzwa negoko rakasimba uye kugadzirira kwekusangana hazvishande pazviri. Systemic kazhinji zvakare - hongu, inopinda muchirimwa, inotenderera kuburikidza nevascular system, asi chipembenene chechiyero chinodya majusi kubva kumatehwe epamusoro etsono, uko mishonga isingapindi. Iwe unogona kubvisa zvipembenene zvezvikero chete panguva iyo majee akarasika asina kudzivirirwa nehoko anooneka - muna July, zvinomera zvinoda kurapwa neActellik. Uye vanhu vakuru vachafa ivo pachavo - vanorarama mwaka mumwe chete.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Isu takapindura mibvunzo yakanyanya kudzvanya nezve black pine agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Zvinoita here kukura dema pine munzira yepakati uye mudunhu reMoscow?
Black pine ine kuderera kwechando, asi munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba dzenharaunda yepakati (kusvika kumuganhu weTambov region) inokura zvakanaka. Kuchamhembe, nhungirwa dzayo dzinogona kutonhora zvishoma, saka munzvimbo dzakadai zviri nani kukura mafomu madiki emuti uyu - anotonhora zvakanaka pasi pechando.
Nzira yekushandisa sei black pine mune landscape design?
Miti yemapaini nemhando dzakareba dzinogona kurimwa mukudyara kumwe chete kana mumapoka, pamwe nekusanganiswa nemamwe mapaini. Mafomu asina kusimba anotaridzika zvakanaka mukudyara nemakomo emipaini, zvinokambaira juniper, thujas, uye microbiota. Uye dzinogonawo kudyarwa pamakomo emakomo uye mumapindu ane matombo.
Mupaini wakasviba unofanirwa kudimburwa here?
Mipaini yakareba inogona kuchengetwa muhukuru nekuchekerera. Uye kunyange kugadzira bonsai kubva kwavari. Mhando dzakasvibirira hadzidi kuchekerera kwekugadzira, asi hutsanana hunodiwa - matavi akaoma uye ane chirwere anofanira kubviswa.

Zvitubu zve

  1. Katalog yehurumende yemishonga yezvipembenene neagrochemicals yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
  2. Zhukov AM, Gninenko Yu.I., Zhukov PD Zvirwere zvidiki-zvakadzidza zvekoniferi mumasango eNyika Yedu: ed. 2nd, rev. uye kuwedzera // Pushkino: VNIILM, 2013. - 128 p.
  3. Grey GA Pine scale tupembenene - ucaspis pusilla Low, 1883 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) munharaunda yeVolgograd // Entomological uye parasitological tsvakurudzo munharaunda yeVolga, 2017 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/schitovka-sosnovaya-ucasspis- pusilla-low-1883- homoptera-diaspididae-v-volgogradskoy-oblasti

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