Iyo duodenum (kubva kuLatin duodenum digitorum, zvinoreva kuti "yeminwe gumi nemiviri") chikamu chemukati medumbu, inhengo yegumbo rekudya.

nzvimbo. Iyo duodenum iri pakati pepylorus yemudumbu uye duodeno-jejunal angle.

Chimiro che duodenum. Icho chimwe chezvikamu zvitatu zvemukati mudiki (iyo duodenum, jejunum uye ileum). 5-7 m kureba uye 3 masendimita muhupamhi, ura hudiki hunotevera dumbu uye hunowedzerwa nemudumbu mukuru (1). C-yakaita uye yakadzika, iyo duodenum ndiyo yakagadziriswa chikamu chemukati mudumbu. Madhiri ekubuda kubva pancreas uye bile duct anosvika pachikamu ichi (1) (2).

Chimiro che duodenal wall. Iyo duodenum inoumbwa nemahamvuropu mana (4):

• Iyo mucous membrane ndiyo yemukati layer, ine maglands akawanda anoburitsa kunyanya mukosi unodzivirira.
• Iyo submucosa ndiyo yepakati layer inogadzirwa kunyanya yeropa netsinga.
• Iyo muscularis ndiyo yekunze layer inoumbwa nemhasuru fibers.
• Iyo serous membrane, kana peritoneum, imvuropu inovhara madziro ekunze emukati mudiki.

kugaya. Kugaya kunoitika kunyanya mudumbu diki, uye kunyanya mu duodenum kuburikidza nekugaya enzymes uye bile acids. Digestive enzymes anotangira kubva pancreas kuburikidza neinobuda ducts, nepo bile acids inotangira pachiropa kuburikidza ne bile ducts (3). Digestive enzymes uye bile acids inoshandura chyme, mvura inosanganisira chikafu chakafanogayiwa nemajusi ekugaya kubva mudumbu, kuita chyle, mvura yakajeka ine fiber yekudya, yakaoma makabhohaidhiretsi, mamorekuru akareruka, pamwe nekudya (4).

Kubvisa. Nekuita kwayo, muviri unotora zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semakabhohaidhiretsi, mafuta, mapuroteni, electrolytes, mavhitaminzi, pamwe nemvura (5). Kutorwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekugaya kunoitika kunyanya mudumbu diki, uye kunyanya mu duodenum uye jejunum.

Kudzivirirwa kwemukati mudiki. Iyo duodenum inozvidzivirira pachayo pakurwisa kwemakemikari uye mechanical nekuvharira mucus, kudzivirira mucosa (3).

Chirwere chisingaperi chekuzvimba bowel. Zvirwere izvi zvinoenderana nekuzvimba kwechikamu chechikamu chekudya, senge chirwere cheCrohn. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mudumbu uye manyoka (6).

Irritable bowel syndrome. Chirwere ichi chinoratidzwa ne hypersensitivity yemadziro emukati, kunyanya mu duodenum, uye kusagadzikana mumakumbo emusimba. Inozviratidza kuburikidza nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chokuita nekusagadzikana kwekudya zvakadai semanyoka, kuvimbiswa, kana kurwadziwa kwepamuviri. Chikonzero chechirwere ichi hachisati chazivikanwa nhasi.

Bowel kuvhara. Inoratidza kumira kwekushanda kwekufambisa, kunokonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kurutsa. Kuvharidzirwa kwematumbo kunogona kuva kwemagetsi kubva kune kuvapo kwechipingamupinyi panguva yekufambisa (gallstones, tumors, etc.) asi inogonawo kuva kemikemikari nekubatanidzwa nehutachiona hwehuputi hwepedyo, semuenzaniso panguva yeperitonitis.

Peptic ulcer. Iyi pathology inoenderana nekuumbwa kweronda rakadzika mumadziro emudumbu kana iyo duodenum. Peptic ulcer chirwere chinowanzokonzerwa nekukura kwebhakitiriya asi inogonawo kuitika nemimwe mishonga (7).

Kurapwa. Zvichienderana nechirwere chinowanikwa, mamwe mishonga inogona kurongerwa senge anti-inflammatory drugs kana analgesics.

Kuvhiya kurapa. Zvichienderana nechirwere uye nekushanduka kwayo, kupindira kwekuvhiya kunogona kuitwa.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kutanga kwemarwadzo kunotanga nekuongorora kwepanyama kuongorora zviratidzo uye kuziva zvikonzero zvekutambudzika.

Kuongorora kwehupenyu. Ropa uye stool bvunzo zvinogona kuitwa kuita kana kusimbisa kuongororwa.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. Zvichienderana nekufungidzirwa kana kupupurirwa kwechirwere, mamwe mimwe miedzo inogona kuitwa yakadai se ultrasound, CT scan kana MRI.

Endoscopic bvunzo. Endoscopy inogona kuitwa kudzidza madziro e duodenum.

Anatomists vakapa zita rekuti duodenum, kubva muchiLatin gumi nembiri inches, zvichireva kuti “minwe gumi nemiviri”, kuchikamu ichi chetumbura sezvo chainge chakareba minwe gumi nembiri.