Zvingangodaro, ma nitrate haana kubatanidzwa nechisvusvuro, asi anomutsa pfungwa pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvemakemikari echikoro kana mafetiraiza. Kana iwe uchifunga nezve nitrate mumamiriro ezvokudya, iyo inowanzova isina kunaka mufananidzo unouya mupfungwa ndeyokuti munyama yakagadzirwa uye miriwo mitsva, nitrate ndeye carcinogenic compounds. Asi chii chaizvo uye zvinogara zvichikuvadza?
Muchokwadi, chinongedzo pakati pe nitrites / nitrate uye hutano hwakanyanya kunyengera pane kungoti "zvakatiitira zvakaipa". Semuenzaniso, iyo yakakwira yakasikwa nitrate yemukati yebeetroot muto yakabatanidzwa nekudzikisa kweropa uye kuwedzera kwekuita kwemuviri. Nitrates zvakare chinhu chinoshanda mune mamwe angina mishonga.
Nitrates uye nitrites zvakatinakira here?
Nitrates uye nitrites, zvakadai se potassium nitrate uye sodium nitrite, zvinowanzoitika makemikari emakemikari ane nitrogen uye oksijeni. Munitrate, nitrogen inosungirirwa kumaatomu matatu eokisijeni, uye mu nitrites, kusvika maviri. Ose ari maviri anochengetedza zviri pamutemo anodzivirira mabhakitiriya anokuvadza mubhekoni, ham, salami, uye mamwe machizi.
Asi chaizvoizvo, inenge 5% chete yenitrate muvhareji yezvokudya zveEurope inobva munyama, inopfuura 80% kubva mumiriwo. Miriwo inowana nitrate uye nitrites kubva muvhu rainokurira. Nitrates chikamu chemaminerari echisikigo, nepo nitrites inoumbwa nevhu tupukanana tunoputsa mhuka.
Mashizha ane mashizha akaita sepinashi nearugula ndiwo anowanzoita mbesa dze nitrate dzepamusoro. Zvimwe zvakapfuma zviwanikwa celery uye beetroot muto, pamwe nemakarotsi. Miriwo yakasimwa inogona kuve yakaderera nitrate mazinga nekuti haishandisi mafetireza ekugadzira nitrate.
Zvisinei, pane musiyano unokosha pakati pekuwanikwa nitrates uye nitrites: nyama kana miriwo. Izvi zvinokanganisa kana vari carcinogenic.
Kushamwaridzana nekenza
Nitrates ivo pachavo vane inert, izvo zvinoreva kuti havagone kuve nekubatanidzwa mukuita kwemakemikari mumuviri. Asi nitrites nemakemikari avanoburitsa anowedzera kuita.
Mazhinji ema nitrites atinosangana nawo haana kudyiwa zvakananga, asi anoshandurwa kubva kunitrate nemabhakitiriya mumuromo. Sezvineiwo, ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kweiyo antibacterial mouthwash kunogona kuderedza kugadzirwa kwemuromo nitrite.
Kana ma nitrites anogadzirwa mumuromo medu akamedzwa, anoita ma nitrosamines munzvimbo ine acidic yemudumbu, mamwe acho ari carcinogenic uye akabatanidzwa negomarara remudumbu. Asi izvi zvinoda tsime remamines, makemikari anowanikwa muhuwandu muzvokudya zveprotein. Nitrosamines inogonawo kugadzirwa zvakananga muchikafu kuburikidza nekubika pane tembiricha yakakwira, senge frying bacon.
“Nitrate/nitrites ine carcinogenic haina kuwanda, asi magadzirirwo adzinoitwa nenzvimbo yadzinogara chinhu chakakosha. Semuenzaniso, nitrites munyama yakagadzirwa iri padyo neprotein. Kunyanya kune amino acids. Kana zvikabikwa pakupisa kwakanyanya, izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira ma<em>nitrosamine anokonzera kenza,” anodaro Keith Allen, mutungamiriri mukuru wesainzi uye hukama hwevanhu weWorld Cancer Research Foundation.
Asi Allen anowedzera kuti nitrites chimwe chezvikonzero zvinoita kuti nyama yakagayiwa isimudzire gomarara remudumbu, uye kukosha kwazvo hakuna chokwadi. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira zvinosanganisira iron, polycyclic inonhuhwirira hydrocarbons inoumba munyama inopfungaira, uye heterocyclic amines inogadzirwa kana nyama yakabikwa nemoto wakavhurika, izvo zvinokonzeresa mamota.
Makemikari akanaka
Nitrites haina kushata kudaro. Pane humbowo huri kukura hwemabhenefiti avo kune yemoyo system uye kupfuura, nekuda kwenitric oxide.
Muna 1998, masayendisiti matatu ekuAmerica akagamuchira Mubairo weNobel wezvavakawana pamusoro pebasa renitric oxide muhurongwa hwemoyo. Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti inobvisa tsinga dzeropa, inoderedza BP, uye inorwisa zvirwere. Kugona kugadzira nitric oxide kwave kwakabatana nechirwere chemoyo, chirwere cheshuga, uye erectile dysfunction.
Imwe nzira iyo muviri unoburitsa nitric oxide kuburikidza neamino acid inonzi arginine. Asi zvino zvave kuzivikanwa kuti nitrate inogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukuumbwa kwenitric oxide. Isu tinoziva zvakare kuti izvi zvinogona kunyanya kukosha kune vakuru vakuru, sechisikigo nitric oxide kugadzirwa kuburikidza nearginine kunowedzera kudzikira nekuchembera.
Zvisinei, nepo nitrate inowanikwa mu ham inofanana nekemikari kune avo vaungadya nesaladhi, zvinomera-based ndizvo zvakanakisisa.
"Takaona njodzi dzakawedzerwa dzine chekuita nenitrate uye nitrite kubva munyama kune mamwe magomarara, asi isu hatina kuona njodzi dzine chekuita nenitrate kana nitrite kubva mumiriwo. Zvirinani muzvidzidzo zvakakura zvekucherechedzwa uko kushandiswa kunofungidzirwa kubva kumibvunzo yekuzvizivisa, "anodaro Amanda Cross, mudzidzisi wechirwere chegomarara paImperial College London.
Muchinjikwa unowedzera kuti "ifungidziro ine musoro" kuti nitrate mumashizha ane mashizha haanyanye kukuvadza. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivo vakapfuma muprotein uye vanewo zvinhu zvinodzivirira: vhitamini C, polyphenols uye fibers inoderedza kuumbwa kwe nitrosamine. Saka kana ma nitrate mazhinji ari mukudya kwedu achibva mumiriwo uye achikurudzira kuumbwa kwe nitric oxide, anogona kunge akatinakira.
Imwe nyanzvi ye nitric oxide yakaenda mberi, ichikakavara kuti vazhinji vedu hatina kukwana mu nitrate / nitrites uye kuti inofanira kuiswa sezvokudya zvakakosha zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kurwiswa kwemoyo uye sitiroko.
Mari chaiyo
Izvo hazvigoneke kufungidzira nekuvimbika kudya kwenitrate nekuti mazinga ekudya e nitrate anosiyana zvakanyanya. “Matanho anogona kuchinja kagumi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvidzidzo zvinoongorora hutano hwe nitrate zvinofanira kududzirwa zvakanyatsonaka, sezvo "nitrate" inogona kungova chiratidzo chekudya kwemiriwo," anodaro chiremba wezvirwere zvinovaka muviri Günther Kulne anobva kuYunivhesiti yeKuverenga kuUK.
Chirevo cha2017 cheEuropean Food Safety Authority chakabvumidza huwandu hwezuva nezuva hunogamuchirwa hunogona kudyiwa kwehupenyu hwese pasina njodzi yehutano. Yakaenzana ne 235 mg ye nitrate kumunhu ane 63,5 kg. Asi mushumo wacho unotaurawo kuti vanhu vemazera ose vanogona kudarika nhamba iyi zviri nyore.
Kudya nitrite kunowanzo kuderera (avhareji yeUK yekutora i1,5mg pazuva) uye European Food Safety Authority inoshuma kuti kuratidzwa kune nitrite kuchengetedza kuri mukati memiganho yakachengeteka kune vese vanhu muEurope, kunze kwekuwedzeredza kushoma. muvana vari pazvokudya zvakakwirira mune zvokuwedzera.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinopokana kuti mvumo yezuva nezuva yenitrate / nitrites yakapera zvakadaro, uye kuti mazinga epamusoro haana kungochengeteka chete, asi anobatsira kana achibva mumiriwo pane nyama yakagadziriswa.
Zvakaonekwa kuti kutora kwe 300-400 mg ye nitrate kunobatanidza nekuderera kweropa. Iyi dose inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune imwe hombe saladhi nearugula uye sipinachi, kana kubva kune beetroot muto.
Pakupedzisira, kuti iwe unotora chepfu kana mushonga zvinoenderana, senguva dzose, pachiyero. 2-9 magiramu (2000-9000 mg) ye nitrate inogona kutyisa zvakanyanya, inokanganisa hemoglobin. Asi huwandu uhu hwakaoma kuwana mune imwe nguva uye haafanire kuuya kubva kuchikafu pachacho, pane kubva mumvura ine fetireza yakasvibiswa.
Saka, kana iwe ukavawana kubva mumiriwo nemishonga, ipapo mabhenefiti e nitrate uye nitrate anenge akanyanya kupfuura zvipingamupinyi.