Iyo trochanter yakakura (kubva kuGreek trokhantêr) inoumba chimwe chezvikamu zvefemur, bhonzo rimwe rechidya riri pakati pehudyu nemabvi.

nzvimbo. Iyo trochanter yakakura inomira pachikamu chepamusoro chekubatana kwemutsipa uye musoro wemukadzi. Yakareba muchimiro, iyo yekupedzisira inoumba bhonzo rakareba uye inomiririra paavhareji chikamu chechina chehukuru hwemuviri. (1) Ndiro zvakare bhonzo hombe mumuviri wemunhu uye rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu:

• magumo ekupedzisira, ari pahudyu uye akaumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu (1):

  - musoro wechikadzi, uri mu acetabulum, articular cavity ye coxal bone, iyo inoumba hudyu;

  - mutsipa wechikadzi unobatanidza musoro kune diaphysis;

  - iyo huru uye duku trochanters, bony projections, iyo inogadziriswa pamwero wekubatana kwemutsipa uye musoro.

• kuguma kure, iri pamwero wemabvi;
• diaphysis, kana muviri, chikamu chepakati chebhonzo chiri pakati pemigumo miviri.

mamiriro. Iyo trochanter yakakura ibony protrusion inoumba nzvimbo yekuisa yemamhasuru mazhinji (2):

• piramidi tsandanyama panzvimbo yayo yepamusoro;
• iyo gluteus medius (kana kuti gluteus medius) uye vastus lateralis tsandanyama pane yayo lateral pamusoro;
• iyo gluteus minimus (kana gluteus minimus) uye vastus lateralis tsandanyama panzvimbo yayo yepamberi;
• obturator uye mapatya mhasuru panzvimbo yayo yepakati

Kutakura huremu. Chikamu chakakosha chemukadzi, iyo trochanter yakakura inobatanidzwa mukufambiswa kwehuremu hwemuviri kubva muhudyu bone kusvika kune tibia. (3)

Kuchinja kwemuviri. Tichipihwa mapoinzi akasiyana ekuisa mamhasuru, iyo trochanter yakakura inobatsira kuti muviri ugone kufamba uye kuchengetedza kumira kwakamira. (3)

Marwadzo anogona kunzwika mune yakakura trochanter. Izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa sekurwadziwa kwechirwere chetrochanter yakakura (4). Zvinokonzera marwadzo aya zvakasiyana asi zvinogona kunyanya kuva zvekushungurudza, kuberekwa kana kunyange bundu.

Zvirwere zvepfupa. Iyo trochanter yakakura inogona kukanganiswa nefupa pathologies.

• Osteoporosis. Ichi chirwere chinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwehutano hwemapfupa ayo anowanzoonekwa muvanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu. Inosimbisa kushaya simba kwemapfupa uye inosimudzira mabhiri. (60)
• Bone cancer. Metastases inogona kukura mumapfupa. Aya maseru egomarara anowanzo tanga kubva kugomarara rekutanga mune imwe nhengo. (6)

Kutyoka kwechikadzi. Kuputsika kwechikadzi kunowanzoitika ndevaya vari mumutsipa wemukadzi, kunyanya kune vanhu vakwegura vane osteoporosis. Vanogonawo kuitika mune yakakura trochanter. Kuputsika kwechikadzi kunoratidzwa nekurwadziwa muhudyu.

Coxarthrosis. Iyi pathology inoenderana nekupfeka uye kubvaruka kwecartilage yejojo ​​rehudyu.

Trochinopathy yeTertiary. Kuitika mumatendon, tendinopathies inogona kuitika munharaunda ye trochanter yakakura (4). Ivo vanonyanya kuratidzwa nekurwadziwa panguva yekuedza. Zvikonzero zveizvi pathologies zvakasiyana uye zvinogona kunge zviri zviviri zvemukati mabviro ane genetic predispositions, uye extrinsic, ine semuenzaniso nzvimbo dzakaipa panguva yekudzidzira mitambo.

Kurapwa. Zvichienderana nemamiriro akaonekwa, mamwe madhiragi anogona kunyorerwa kudzora kana kusimbisa mapfupa emapfupa, pamwe nekuderedza marwadzo nekuzvimba.

Kuvhiya kurapa. Zvichienderana nemhando yekuputsika, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa nekuiswa kwepini, screw-retained plate, fixator yekunze kana mune dzimwe nguva prosthesis.

Orthopedic kurapwa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutsemuka, kuiswa kwepurasita kana resini kunogona kuitwa.

Kurapa kwepanyama. Mishonga yepanyama, yakadai se physiotherapy kana physiotherapy, inogona kurongerwa.

Hormonal kurapwa, radiotherapy kana chemotherapy. Mishonga iyi inogona kupihwa zvichienderana nerudzi uye danho regomarara.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kuongororwa kunotanga nekuongororwa kwemarwadzo anonzwisiswa nemurwere muchikamu chezasi uye pelvis.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. Zvichienderana nekufungidzirwa kana kupupurirwa kwechirwere, kumwe kuongorora kunogona kuitwa se X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, scintigraphy kana kunyange bone densitometry.

Kuongorora kwechiremba. Kuti uwane mamwe marapirwo, kuongororwa kweropa kana weti kunogona kuitwa sekuti, semuyero wephosphorus kana calcium.

Bone biopsy. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pfupa sampuro inotorwa kuti isimbise kuongororwa.

Muna December 2015, magazini inonzi PLOS ONE yakabudisa nyaya yaitaura nezvokuwanikwa kwemhuka yemunhukadzi kubva pamarudzi akanga asati avapo. (7) Yakawanikwa muna 1989 kuChina, pfupa iri harina kuongororwa kusvika 2012. Kufambidzana kwemakore gumi nemana, pfupa iri rinoratidzika kuva remhuka iri kusvikaHomo famba orHomo erectus. Vanhu vekare vangadai vakararama kusvika pakupera kweIce Age yekupedzisira, makore gumi apfuura. Kuwanikwa uku kunogona kuratidza kuvepo kwemutsara mutsva wekushanduka-shanduka (10).