Mukati
Kukura Shiitake
Tsanangudzo pfupi yefungus, maitiro ekukura kwayo
MuEurope, howa hweshiitake hunozivikanwa zviri nani seLentinus edodes. Iyo mumiriri wemhuri yakakura yefungi isina kuora, ine inenge chiuru nehafu yemarudzi efungi inogona kukura kwete chete pahuni inoora uye inofa, asiwo mune substrate yemiti. Zvakajairika kuona shiitake ichikura pahunde dzechestnut. MuJapan, chestnuts inonzi "shii", saka zita rehowa iyi. Nekudaro, inogona kuwanikwawo pane mamwe marudzi emiti inodonha, incl. pahornbeam, poplar, birch, oak, beech.
Musango, rudzi urwu rwehowa runowanzo kuwanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva uye kumabvazuva kweAsia, kusanganisira. munzvimbo dzine makomo dzeChina, Korea neJapan. MuEurope, America, Africa neAustralia, wild shiitake haiwanikwe. Munyika Yedu, howa uhu hunowanikwa kuFar East.
Shiitake is saprophyte mushroom, saka kudya kwayo kunobva pane organic matter kubva pahuni inoora. Ndicho chikonzero nei kazhinji fungus iyi inowanikwa pamakumbo ekare uye kuomesa miti.
Vanhu vekuAsia vagara vachirumbidza kurapa kweshiitake, ndosaka yakarimwa navo pazvigutsa zvemiti kwezviuru zvemakore.
Muchimiro, howa uhu huhowa hwengowani hune dzinde gobvu pfupi. Iyo ngowani inogona kuva nedhayamita inosvika masendimita makumi maviri, asi kazhinji iri muhupamhi hwe20-5 centimita. Mhando yehowa iyi inokura pasina kuumbwa kwemitumbi inobereka michero. Rudzi rwechivharo chehowa padanho rekutanga rekukura rakasvibira, chimiro chine spherical. Asi mukuibva, ngowani inova yakapfava uye inowana mumvuri wakajeka.
Howa dzine nyama yakareruka, iyo inosiyaniswa nekunaka kwakapfava, zvishoma kuyeuchidza kuravira kweporcini howa.
Sarudzo yesaiti uye kugadzirira
Kurimwa kweShiitake kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzinoverengeka: dzakakura uye dzakasimba. Muchiitiko chekutanga, mamiriro ekukura anoitwa padyo sezvinobvira kune echisikigo, uye muchiitiko chechipiri, chirimwa kana huni mbishi zvinhu zvinosarudzwa zvega zvehowa pamwe nekuwedzerwa kweakasiyana-siyana zvinovaka muviri mhinduro. Kurima shiitake kune pundutso yakakura, asi zvakadaro, ruzhinji rwemapurazi ehowa ekuAsia anoda mhando yakakura yekurima howa uhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vekuAsia vanonyatsogadzirira dzimwe nzvimbo dzesango kune izvi, uko mumvuri kubva pamiti uchagadzira mamiriro akanyanya kunaka ekukura kweshiitake.
Mamiriro ekunze, anoratidzwa nekupisa kwezhizha uye kutonhora kwechando, haakwanise kunzi akanakira kurimwa kwehowa hwakadaro, saka, kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakakosha kunodiwa umo zvinokwanisika kuwana kutonga pamusoro pehunyoro uye tembiricha. Mutoo wacho wakakura unosanganisira kurima howa pazvigutsa zvemiti inotumbuka, uhwo hunonyanya kukohwewa. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa mubhizinesi iri ndeye chestnuts uye diki chestnuts, hornbeams, beeches uye oak zvakakodzerwawo neizvi. Kuti howa hukure hune hutano uye huine hutano, zvigutsa zvekurima zvinofanirwa kukohwewa panguva iyo muto unomira mumiti, kureva kuti kutanga kwechirimo kana mukupera kwematsutso. Panguva ino, huni ine huwandu hukuru hwekudya. Usati wasarudza huni yekukura shiitake, unofanira kunyatsoiongorora, uye kurasa matanda akakuvadzwa.
Kuti uwane zvitunha, matanda akachekwa ane dhayamita ye10-20 centimita achave akakodzera zvakanyanya. Kureba kwechigutsa chimwe nechimwe kunofanirwa kunge kuri 1-1,5 metres. Mushure mokugamuchira nhamba inodiwa yezviputi, inopetwa muhuni uye yakafukidzwa nemucheka, iyo inofanira kuvaponesa kubva pakuoma. Kana huni hwaoma, matanda anofanira kunyoroveswa nemvura 4-5 mazuva asati adyara mycelium.
Shiitake inogonawo kukura mumatanda akaoma, asi chete kana isati yatanga kuora. Huni dzakadaro dzinofanira kunge dzakanyoroveswa vhiki imwe isati yadyara mycelium. Kurimwa kwehowa kunogona kuitwa kunze uye mukamuri yakakosha kwaunogona kuchengetedza tembiricha inodiwa pakuvandudza shiitake.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, fruiting yehowa ichaitika chete mumwaka wekudziya, asi muchiitiko chechipiri, zvinoita sokuti zvinokwanisika kukura shiitake gore rose. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kana uchikura howa munzvimbo dzakazaruka, dzinofanira kudzivirirwa kubva kumhepo uye zuva rakananga.
Zvakare, usakanganwa kuti shiitake inobereka michero chete kana ambient tembiricha yakachengetedzwa pa13-16 madhigirii, uye huni hunyoro pa35-60%. Mukuwedzera, kuvhenekera kunokosha zvakare - kunofanira kunge kune 100 lumens.
Dyara mycelium
Usati watanga nzira yekudyara, maburi anofanirwa kucherwa muzvigutsa zve mycelium. Kudzika kwavo kunofanira kuva 3-5 centimita, uye dhayamita inofanira kuva 12 mm. Muchiitiko ichi, danho rinofanira kuonekwa pamwero we 20-25 cm, uye pakati pemitsara panofanira kuva ne5-10 cm.
Mycelium yakanamirwa zvakanyanya mumakomba anokonzeresa. Ipapo gomba rakavharwa ne plug, iyo dhayamita iyo iri 1-2 mm idiki pane dhayamita yegomba. Chipango chinoroverwa nenyundo, uye maburi asara anonamwa nenamo. Zvadaro zvitunha izvi zvakare zvakagoverwa mumurwi wehuni kana muimba inokosha. Kubudirira kweiyo mycelium kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda - kubva pahutano hwe mycelium kusvika kumamiriro ezvinhu akagadzirwa. Naizvozvo, inogona kukura kupfuura 6-18 mwedzi. Iyo yakanyanya kutonhora tembiricha ichava 20-25 madhigirii, uye huni hunofanirwa kuve nehunyoro hunopfuura 35%.
Kuti huni hurege kuoma, inofanira kuvharwa kubva kumusoro, uye sezvainooma, inogona kunyorova. Iyo inonhonga howa inogona kutariswa seyakagadzirwa kana mavara machena kubva kuhyphae atanga kuoneka pazvikamu zvematanda, uye irogi rikasaita ruzha kana rabatwa. Kana nguva ino yasvika, matanda anofanira kunyoroveswa mumvura. Kana iri nguva yekudziya kunze, saka izvi zvinofanira kuitwa kwemaawa 12-20, kana iri nguva inotonhora - kwemazuva 2-3. Izvi zvichawedzera hunyoro hwehuni kusvika pa75%.
Kukura nekukohwa
Apo mycelium yakatanga kuwanda, matanda anofanira kuiswa munzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa kare. Kubva kumusoro, ivo vakafukidzwa nemucheka wakajeka, semugumisiro wekuti kune kuenzana kwehunyoro uye tembiricha.
Kana iyo pamusoro pematanda yakasvibiswa nemitumbi inobereka michero, jira rekudzivirira rinofanira kuraswa, hunyoro huri mumba hunoderedzwa kusvika 60%.
Fruiting inogona kupfuurira kwemavhiki 1-2.
Kana hunyanzvi hwekurima hwakaonekwa, howa hunogona kurimwa kubva pachigutsa chimwe chakadyarwa kwemakore mashanu. Panguva imwecheteyo, chigutsa chakadaro chichabereka michero 2-3 nguva pagore. Kana kukohwa kwapera, zvitunha zvinoiswa zvakare mumurwi wehuni, uye zvakafukidzwa nemucheka unopinza chiedza pamusoro.
Iva nechokwadi chekudzivirira kuderera kwehuni huni kusvika pamwero uri pasi pe40%, uye zvakare kuchengetedza kutonhora kwemhepo pa16-20 degrees.
Apo huni hunooma zvishoma, inofanira zvakare kunyoroveswa mumvura.