Mukati
Truffles kukura
Tsanangudzo pfupi yefungus, maitiro ekukura kwayo
Truffle is marsupial mushroom. Iine tuberous fruiting body, inewo nyama, uye inokura pasi pevhu pakadzika 10-20 centimita. Truffle ine marudzi akawanda. Nzvimbo huru yekukura kwavo isango reSouthern France, Northern Italy. Nekudaro, howa idzi dzinowanikwawo muour country, Nyika Yedu, Belarus uye kunyange muCentral Asia.
Howa iyi inonzi saprophyte. Mycorrhism inoumbwa naye nemidzi yeoki uye beech, uye anogamuchira kudya kubva kune organic zvinhu muvhu. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chibereko chechibereko chine chimiro chisina kujairika chakapfava. Muchirevo chechinyorwa, howa hwakadaro hwakafanana nembatatisi, kana kuti ine marble anotarisa. Kune tsinga dzine marimu asina ruvara. Truffle ine homwe yakaita sac ine globular spores uye blunt spines. Zvisinei, haasi marudzi ose etruffle akakodzera kudya. Black French uye chena Piedmontese truffles ndeyekukosha kwepamusoro. Nyika yedu inoratidzwa nemhando imwe yetruffle - chirimo. Kutsvaga howa hwakadaro, imbwa dzakanyatsodzidziswa uye nguruve dzinoshandiswa. Dzimwe nguva, unogona kuwana truffle iwe pachako kana iri pasi pemashizha akaora.
For black (winter) truffle iyo yakakomberedzwa tuberous chimiro chemuviri wemuchero, iyo ine isina kuenzana yakasviba kana yakasviba grey pamusoro, inotaridzika. Ukuru hwematruffles akadaro hunogona kunge hwakasiyana-siyana - kubva kune walnut kusvika kune apuro yepakati. Muviri wemichero une tsvuku tsvuku yepulp, iyo, mushure mekuibva kwakazara kwefungus, inova yepepuru-yakasviba. Howa uhu hune kunhuhwirira kwakasimba uye kuravira kwakapfava.
Howa hunodyiwa hune zvinhu zvinogara kwete mumiti chete, asiwo mumhuka. Nekudaro, hazvigoneke kudoma iyo chaiyo muzana yezvimwe zvinhu, nekuti haisi nguva dzose uye zvinoenderana nemamiriro akasiyana. Nokudaro, nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvemhuka muhowa, vanova nehupfu.
Sarudzo yesaiti uye kugadzirira
Ma truffles matema anowanzo kurira muminda ine mioki, hornbeams, nzungu uye beche. Chete pamidzi yemiti iyi inogona fungus kuumba mycorism. Kushandiswa kwemasango echisikigo kana akanyatsorimwa kunobvumirwa. Mukuwedzera, truffles inoda mamiriro ekunze anodziya kuti akure, sezvo asingakwanisi kushivirira kutonhora kwakanyanya kana kupisa kwakanyanya. Naizvozvo, mamiriro ekunze ane chando chakanyorovera uye chirimo chinotonhorera, chine mwando chakanakira kurimwa kwetruffle. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti truffle inogona kukura chete muvhu re calcareous, iro rinofanira kunge rakanyoroveswa uye rine chikafu chakanaka chekudya.
Munguva yekurima kwekugadzira howa uhu, minda yakakosha inosimwa, uye ivhu rinowedzerwa kune ivhu, hunhu hwenzvimbo yepanyama yetruffles.
Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yemiti inokoshawo, nokuti haifaniri kutarisana nemamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa. Mukuwedzera, miti yakadaro inofanira kukura kure nemimwe miti, uye mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana hadzifaniri kuwana. Zvakakoshawo kutarisa chiyero chevhu acidity. Pamba, izvi zvinoitwa sezvinotevera - muenzaniso wevhu unoiswa mumudziyo, ipapo vhiniga yakachena inowedzerwa ipapo. Kana musanganiswa ukabudisa kuridza zvishomanana, ipapo truffle haizokura muvhu rakadaro, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwealkalinity hunodiwa. Nechinangwa ichi, lime inowedzerwa pasi. Uye chete mushure mokunge miti yasimwa.
Dyara mycelium
Iyo mycelium inofanira kuunzwa pamwe chete nenyika, iyo yakaunzwa kubva kunzvimbo dzechisikigo dzetruffle. Kuti uite izvi, mycelium inocherwa kusvika pakadzika 10-15 centimita, uye yakaiswa pedyo nemiti. Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kuputsa howa yakaibva zvakakwana uye ugoiparadzira pedyo nemidzi yemiti yemiti. Kusvika iye zvino, mhodzi dzehazel dzatove dziripo kutengeswa, kune iyo truffle spores inobatanidzwa. Munhongi wehowa unosimwa pakupera kwezhizha kana pakutanga kwemwaka wekuvhuvhuta.
Kukura nekukohwa
Iyo yakanyanya kutarisirwa pakukura truffles ndeyekugadzirira saiti yekukura kwavo. Pasi hapafaniri kuva nemakwenzi akasiyana-siyana, uye kunyanya mamwe mahowa. Unofanirawo kunyatsoongorora kuti hapana anotsika chikamu chenyika ichi. Kukohwa kwekutanga kunofanirwa kutarisirwa makore 5-7 mushure mekudyara mbesa. Nguva ye fruiting inenge makore 25-30. Kazhinji, truffle fruiting miviri inowanikwa mumatendere e 3-7 zvidimbu pamwechete. Kana dzaibva, ivhu riri pamusoro padzo rinosimudzwa zvishoma, uye uswa hunooma. Muchiitiko chekuonekwa kwechiratidzo chakadaro, unogona kuenderera mberi kusvika pakutanga kwekukohwa. Kazhinji, matruffles anoibva mumatsutso uye anokohwewa chando chisati chasvika. Howa imwe neimwe inofanira kuputirwa mumatehwe uye kuiswa mupunga wakaoma. Izvi zvinochengetedza mwando muhowa. Iwe unofanirwawo kuramba kuvachenesa zvachose kubva pasi, sezvo izvi zvichavadzivirira kubva pakurasikirwa kwekuravira uye kutaridzika kwemicroorganisms. Howa dzinofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhora.