Imba howa (Serpula lacrymans) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Howa hwemumba (Serpula lacrymans)

Iyi fungus ndeyechikamu chefungus chinokuvadza chinoparadza miti.

Mamwe mazita ayo:

Inogara pamiti yakatemwa yakafa, uye inonyanya kuipa kana ichiberekera muzvivako zvakasiyana-siyana. Kana yangogara mumuti, inogona nyore uye nekukurumidza kuparadza zvikamu zvehuni.

imba howa ine hunyanzvi hwakagadziridzwa (kune madhigirii akasiyana-siyana muhowa) kuumba mycelium ine simba kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kukodzera zvachose kune fruiting. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anosanganisira mhepo yakadzikama, hunyoro hwepamusoro, kushaya chiedza. Muhupo hwezvinhu izvi, fungus inokura zvakanyanya uye nokukurumidza muchimiro chechimiro chisina kubereka uye inoshingaira kuita basa rinoparadza.

Sezvo mutemo, fungus iyi inopararira mumakamuri epasi uye mumakamuri, apo inenge yakanyorova uye yakapfava, pazasi pemapuranga epasi, pazasi pematanda. Anonzwa kunyanya kunaka kana pasi chaipo paivhu nyoro.

Pakutanga kwekukura kwefungus, madiki machena madhidhi anoonekwa pamuti, ayo anozopedzisira abatana kuita mucous mavara kana mvere dzakapfava plaques, ipapo plexus inooneka, yakafanana neyesirivha webhu. Zvishoma nezvishoma, inopararira zvakanyanya pamusoro pemuti, inokora, inowana chimiro chemashizha, silky sheen uye ash-grey ruvara.

Pakati pemicheto yefungus, tsvina dzakatetepa dzinoumbwa dzinopfuura nepakati, nerubatsiro rwekuti fungus, sezviri, inofamba ichitsvaga zvokudya kuburikidza nediki duku uye maburi mumadziro. Nokudaro, anofamba kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yeimba kuenda kune imwe. Dzimwe nguva basa rakadaro rinoparadza rinogona kutungamirira kukuparadzwa kweimba yose uye kuwa kwayo.

imba howa dzimwe nguva anogona kuita pamwe nevamwe vamiririri fungi, akadai Polyporus vaporarius, Polyporus destructor nevamwe. Kazhinji, fungus yeimba inokanganisa conifers, asi inogonawo kukuvadza miti inodonha, yakadai seoki.

Mhedzisiro pahuni

Pakuita tsvakurudzo, R. Hartig akawana kuti fungus inobudisa ma enzymes anokosha anokwanisa kunyungudutsa organic wood compounds kure kure nefungus. Somugumisiro, muti unoshanduka kuva fomu iyo fungus inokwanisa kuita. Pamusoro pezvo, ma enzymes aya anokwanisa kunyungudutsa madota ari mumasero membranes paanosangana nehyphae. Somugumisiro wezviito zvose izvi, kuparadzwa kwemuti kunoitika.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, huni hunoshanduka hutsvuku, hunoshanduka kuva guruva, uye kana hunyoro hwakakwana mumamiriro ayo matsva, zvino semugumisiro wekuita kwefungus, inooma, inova brittle uye brittle. Kunyanya nyore fungus yemuti inoparadza pasi rakafukidzwa nepende yemafuta, nokuti munyaya iyi pasi pepasi yakavharwa zvachose kubva pachiedza uye inodzivirirwa kubva pakuoma.

Icho chokwadi chekuti fungus yakadaro yakaonekwa pahuni inogona kunzwisiswa nemavara matema anoonekwa pamusoro pepamusoro, uye kana huni yakafukidzwa nependi yeglue, ipapo nzvimbo dzeyero dzakaputika dzakaumbwa pairi, dziri zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe.

Kana huni hunobatwa nefungus yemuti rukagogodzwa, ruzha rusina kujeka runowanikwa, uye kana rwakamanikidzwa, runotsemuka nyore nyore. Muti wakakanganisika unotora mvura zvakanyanya, inova yakanyanya hygroscopic, saka hunyoro hunobva pasi hunogona kupfuura kunyange kunzvimbo dziri kure kwazvo dzeimba. Uye zvakare, iyo mycelium yefungus pachayo inokwanisa kuita unyoro nyore uye kuiendesa kune yakaoma huni, saka kunyangwe mumakamuri akaoma kwazvo inogona kuve yakanyorova uye hazvigoneke kugara mairi.

Mukuwedzera, pane imwe nguva isingafadzi: miviri yefruiting yefungus, panguva yekuora uye kuora, inobudisa unhu uye kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi, izvo zvinokuvadzawo hutano.

Maererano netsvagiridzo yakaitwa naPolek naGoeppert, fungus yemuti inogona kuva pakati pe48 ne68% mvura.

Kana iyo mycelium ichibuda kuburikidza nekutsemuka kana kuputika mumhepo yakachena uye chiedza, ipapo michero yemichero yefungus inotanga kuumba. Iwo ane lamellar, ndiro-yakaita, yakafara, inogona kusvika saizi inosvika mita, ine ganda renyama. Pakutanga kwekukura, miviri yezvibereko yakachena, zvino inova yakatsvuka-yero, uye pamagumo iine rusty-brown. Pamusoro, vane mapete akaita sehonye paari pane spores, uye pazasi ane fibrous-velvety chimiro chine chena yakazvimba mipendero. Micheto yemitumbi inobereka michero inoburitsa madonhwe akajeka emvura, ayo anozove nemakore, anowana ruvara rwemukaka (saka, howa iyi inonzi kuchema). Maspores ane elliptical muchimiro, madiki muhukuru (kureba 0,011 uye upamhi 0,006 mm), brown kana ngura-brown muruvara. Spore kumera kunogoneka chete kana paine zvinhu zvine alkaline reaction. Inogona kuva potassium carbonate, munyu kana ammonia pachayo. Zvinhu izvi zvinokurudzira kuzvimba kwegoko re spore. Kumera kunofambiswa zvakare neweti, dota, coke nezvimwe zvinhu zvine kana kutora chikamu mukuumbwa kwezvinhu zvine alkaline reaction.

Kudzivirira kuonekwa kwefungus yeimba, R. Hartig inokurudzira kushandisa matanho ekudzivirira anotevera:

- mushure mekugadzirisa kwapera muzvivako zvehuni fungus, vashandi vanofanirwa kunyatsochenesa uye kushambidza zvishandiso zvavo zvose vasati vashandisa. Izvo zvinodiwawo kunyatsogeza zvipfeko uye bhutsu.

- kana huni hwekare huine zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekukuvadza kwefungus, saka haigoni kushandiswa pazvivako zvitsva. Iyo yekare yakasvibiswa huni yakabviswa panguva yekugadzirisa inofanira kupiswa nokukurumidza, uye huni itsva haifaniri kuchengetwa pedyo neyakakuvadzwa.

- zvivako zvitsva zvinofanira kudzivirirwa kubva pakusvibiswa nevavaki vazvo, uye zvimbudzi zvinofanira kunge zvakagadzirirwa nenzira yakadai kuti kusvibiswa kwezvivako zvitsva hakuiti nenzira isina kunanga.

- jecha rakashambwa rakashambwa kana zvidhinha zvakapwanyika zvinofanira kushandiswa sepiro pasi pevhu. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakanyorova hazvigone kushandiswa, kunyanya madota, coke, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakapfuma mu humus zvinofanirwa kudziviswa.

- usati watanga kuvaka, muti unofanirwa kuomeswa zvakakwana sezvinobvira.

- imba ichangobva kuvakwa inofanira kuoma zvakanaka, uye chete mushure mokunge pasi inogona kuvezwa nependi yemafuta.

- iwe unoda kuvaka nenzira iyo pasi haikodzeri zvakasimba kumadziro.

- zvakakosha kuronga zvakanaka kurongeka kwemhepo mumakamuri ezasi ari pasi pevhu.

- unofanirwa kunyatsocherechedza utsanana, uye iva nechokwadi chokuti tsvina nemvura hazviwire pasi pasi. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune yekugezera uye yekuwachira.

Nzira dzekurwa

Kuti uparadze imba mushroom yakatoonekwa, nzira dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa, asi hapana chimwe chazvo chinogona kunzi radical. Mhedzisiro yakanaka yakawanikwa nemuGerman arborist GL Hartig, uyo muzana ramakore rechi 19 akaisa zvidimbu zvehuni ne carbolineum kana creosote.

Muzvinafundo Sorokin anopa kurudziro yake yekuzora huni netara yakajairika, uye vamwe vamwe vaongorori vanotumidza petroleum pakati penzira dzinoshanda.

Kana iyo fungus isati yapararira zvakanyanya, saka kunyatsobvisa nzvimbo dzakakanganisika dzemuti uye kudzitsiva nemitsva inogona kupa chigumisiro chakanaka.