Kubereka kunoita howa
Kune vakawanda, izvi zvichauya sechishamiso, asi izvo zvataimbodaidza kuti fungus inongova chikamu chechinhu chihombe. Uye chikamu ichi chine basa rayo - kugadzirwa kwe spores. Chikamu chikuru chechipenyu ichi chinowanikwa pasi pevhu, uye chakabatanidzwa neshinda dzakatetepa dzinonzi hyphae, dzinoumba howa mycelium. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hyphae inogona kurembera pasi netambo dzakakora kana fibrous formations inogona kuoneka zvakadzama kunyangwe neziso rakashama. Zvisinei, pane zviitiko apo vanogona kuonekwa chete ne microscope.
Muviri unobereka michero unozvarwa chete kana maviri ekutanga mycelia ari emhando imwe chete asangana. Iko kune musanganiswa wemycelium yechirume neyechikadzi, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwechipiri mycelium, iyo, pasi pemamiriro akanaka, inokwanisa kubereka muviri wechibereko, uyo, unozove nzvimbo yekuonekwa kwenhamba huru yespores. .
Zvisinei, howa hahuna chete nzira yekubereka nayo zvepabonde. Vanosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwe "asexual" kubereka, iyo inobva pakuumbwa kwemasero anokosha pamwe chete nehyphae, iyo inonzi conidia. Pamasero akadaro, mycelium yechipiri inokura, iyo inokwanisawo kubereka michero. Kune zvakare mamiriro ezvinhu apo fungus inokura semhedzisiro yekupatsanurwa kwakapusa kweiyo yekutanga mycelium kuita nhamba huru yezvikamu. Kupararira kwespores kunoitika zvakanyanya nekuda kwemhepo. Huremu hwavo hudiki hunovabvumira kufamba nerubatsiro rwemhepo kwemazana emakiromita munguva pfupi.
Mukuwedzera, fungi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kuparadzirwa ne "passive" spore kutamiswa nezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinogona kupararisa fungi uye kuoneka pazviri kwenguva pfupi. Maspores anogona zvakare kuparadzirwa nemhuka dzakasiyana siyana, dzakadai senguruve dzemusango, dzinogona kudya fungus netsaona. Spores munyaya iyi inobudiswa pamwe chete nemarara emhuka. Howa hwega hwega panguva yehupenyu hwahwo hune huwandu hukuru hwema spores, asi vashoma chete ndivo vanowira munzvimbo yakadai iyo inogona kukanganisa kumera kwavo.
Howa ndiro boka guru rezvipenyu, nhamba dzinopfuura 100 zviuru zvemarudzi, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa semiti. Kusvika iye zvino, masayendisiti akasvika pakugumisa kuti fungi iboka rinokosha rinotora nzvimbo yaro pakati pezvinomera nemhuka, sezvo muupenyu hwazvo, zvinhu zviri muzvose zviri zviviri mhuka nemiti zvinooneka. Musiyano mukuru pakati pefungi nezvirimwa kusavapo zvachose kwechlorophyll, iyo pigment iri pasi pephotosynthesis. Nekuda kweizvozvo, fungi hadzina kugona kugadzira shuga nemacarbohydrates mumhepo. Howa, semhuka, dzinodya zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa organic zvinhu, izvo, semuenzaniso, zvinoburitswa mumiti inoora. Uyewo, membrane yemasero efungal inosanganisira kwete chete mycocellulose, asiwo chitin, iyo inofananidzwa nekunze kwezvipembenene zvezvipembenene.
Kune makirasi maviri epamusoro fungi - macromycetes: basidiomycetes uye ascomycetes.
Ichi chikamu chakavakirwa pane akasiyana anatomical maficha maitiro ekuumbwa kwe spore. Mubasidiomycetes, iyo spore-bearing hymenophore inobva pamahwendefa uye tubules, hukama huripo hunoitwa uchishandisa zviduku zviduku. Nekuda kwekuita kwavo, basidia inogadzirwa - maitiro ehunhu ane cylindrical kana kirabhu-shaped shape. Pamigumo yepamusoro yebasidium, spores inoumbwa, iyo inosanganiswa ne hymenium nerubatsiro rwetambo dzakatetepa.
Nokuda kwekukura kweascomycete spores, cylindrical kana sac-shaped formations inoshandiswa, iyo inonzi mabhegi. Kana masaga akadaro aibva, anoputika, uye spores inosundirwa kunze.
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