Mukaka chigadzirwa chinokonzera kukakavara kwakawanda pakati pezvinomera uye, kazhinji, munhu wose anoedza kunamatira kune utano hwakanaka. Mukaka unowanzoonekwa sepanacea yezvirwere zvose, kana, zvakasiyana, chigadzirwa chinokuvadza zvikuru: zvose hazvina kunaka. Isu hatitore dambudziko kupfupisa ese data yesainzi nezve mabhenefiti uye zvinogona kukuvadza zvemukaka, asi nhasi tichaedza kutora mhedziso.
Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mukaka hausi chinwiwa, asi chikafu chinovaka muviri uye chine hutano chikafu chevanhu. Iyo ine yayo yakasarudzika midziyo, yekubika tekinoroji, mitemo yekuenderana uye kusawirirana nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Paunenge uchidya mukaka, unogona kuita zvikanganiso zvakawanda, izvo zvinotungamirira kune maonero enhema asina maturo pamusoro pengozi dzemukaka. Kana pane kusava nechokwadi, nguva dzose zvakanaka kubvunza chiremba. Pazasi tinopa ruzivo, ruzivo, rwakagadzirirwa vanhu vakuru vane hutano.
Zvinoda kuziva (uye ngano) nezvemukaka:
Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti vanhu vanwe mukaka mazuva ano ndechekuti ine calcium yakawanda. Mu 100 ml yemukaka, paavhareji, inenge 120 mg ye calcium! Uyezve, zviri mumukaka izvo zviri muchimiro chekufananidzwa kwevanhu. Calcium kubva mumukaka inonyatso kunyudzwa pamwe chete nevhitamini D: shoma shoma inowanikwa mumukaka pachayo, asi inogona kutorwa zvakare (kubva kune vhitamini yekuwedzera). Dzimwe nguva mukaka unosimbiswa nevhitamini D: zvine musoro kuti mukaka wakadaro ndiwo wakanakisa sosi yecalcium kana ichinge ichishaikwa.
Pane maonero ekuti mukaka une "shuga", saka zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokuvadza. Izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi: macarbohydrates mumukaka ndeye lactose, kwete sucrose. "Shuga", iyo iri mumukaka, haibatsiri pakukura kwepathogenic microflora, asi zvakasiyana. Lactose kubva mumukaka inoumba lactic acid, iyo inoparadza iyo putrefactive microflora. Lactose inokamurwazve kuva glucose (“mafuta” makuru omuviri) uye galactose, inokuvadza vanhu vanopfuura makore 40 okukura. Kana yakabikwa, lactose inenge yatoputsika zvishoma, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kugaya.
Potassium mumukaka (kunyange isiri-mafuta) inotopfuura calcium: 146 mg pa 100 ml. Potassium ndiyo yakakosha trace mineral inochengetedza hutano hwemvura (mvura) chiyero mumuviri. Iyi ndiyo "mhinduro" kuchinetso chaicho chemazuva ano chekupererwa nemvura. Iyo potassium, uye kwete chete huwandu hwemvura inonwiwa mumarita, iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakodzera hwehunyoro mumuviri. Mvura yose isina kuchengetwa ichasiya muviri, ichigeza kwete "chepfu" chete, asiwo maminerari anobatsira. Kushandisa huwandu hwakakodzera hwe potassium kunocheka njodzi yechirwere chemoyo nehafu!
Kune maonero ekuti mukaka unonzi unoshanduka kuvava mudumbu remunhu, curdles, uye saka unofungidzirwa kuti mukaka unokuvadza. Izvi zvinongova chikamu chechokwadi: pasi pekuita kwehydrochloric acid uye ma enzymes emudumbu, mukaka unonyatso "curdles", unonyungudika kuita maflakes madiki. Asi iyi ndiyo nzira yakasikwa inoita kuti zvive nyore - kwete zvakaoma! – kugaya. Aya ndiwo marongerwo azvakaita zvisikwa. Zvisiri zvishoma nekuda kweiyo nzira, digestibility yeprotein kubva mumukaka inosvika 96-98%. Mukuwedzera, mafuta emukaka akakwana kuvanhu, ane ese anozivikanwa fatty acids.
Yogurts, nezvimwewo, haigoni kugadzirirwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa kumba, izvi ndezvehutano uye ndicho chikonzero chinowanzokonzera chepfu yakaoma, kusanganisira. muvana. Kuvirisa mukaka, havashandisi chipunu cheyoga yakatengwa muchitoro (!), asi tsika yakatengwa yakakosha, uye tekinoroji yakakosha. Kuvapo kwemugadziri weyoghuti hakuvimbisi kupokana mukushandiswa kwayo!
Kusiyana nengano, magaba ane mukaka wakakonyedzwa isimbi dzine chepfu.
Mumukaka wakabikwa - mavhitaminzi, asi yakawedzera zviri nyore kugaya mafuta, calcium uye iron.
Kushandiswa kwehomoni mukuchengetedza mhuka munharaunda yeRussian Federation kunorambidzwa - kusiyana neUnited States, kubva kune dzimwe nguva mashoko ekutya anouya kwatiri. "Mahomoni mumukaka" ingano inozivikanwa inopesana nesainzi pakati pevegans. Mhou dzemukaka, dzinoshandiswa neindasitiri, dzinoberekwa nekusarudzwa, iyo, pamwe chete ne-high-calorie feed, inoita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera chibereko chemukaka ne10 kana kupfuura. (nezve dambudziko rehomoni mumukaka).
Zvinotendwa kuti mukaka pamusoro pe3% mafuta unowanikwa nekusanganisa mukaka nekrimu kana kunyange kuwedzera mafuta. Izvi hazvina kudaro: mukaka kubva mhou unogona kuva nemafuta anosvika 6%.
Nhema pamusoro pengozi dze casein, puroteni inosvika 85% yemafuta emukaka, inozivikanwawo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanorasikirwa nekuona chokwadi chiri nyore: casein (sezvimwe chero mapuroteni) inoparadzwa kare pakupisa kwe45 ° C, uye zvechokwadi "nechivimbiso" - kana yakabikwa! Casein ine zvinhu zvose, kusanganisira calcium inowanikwa, uye naizvozvo ipuroteni inokosha yezvokudya. Uye kwete chepfu, sezvinofunga vamwe.
Mukaka haufambi zvakanaka nemabhanana (musanganiswa wakakurumbira, kusanganisira muIndia), asi unogona kufamba zvakanaka nenhamba yemimwe michero, yakadai semango. Mukaka unotonhora unokuvadza kunwa zvose uri woga uye - kunyanya - pamwe chete nemichero (mukaka kuzunungusa, mukaka smoothie).
Pamusoro pemukaka wekubika:
Sei kubika mukaka? Kubvisa (inofungidzirwa) kuvapo kwebhakitiriya inokuvadza. Zvingangodaro, mabhakitiriya akadaro anowanikwa mumukaka mutsva usina kuwana chero nzira yekudzivirira. Kunwa mukaka kubva pasi pemhou - kusanganisira "inoziva", "muvakidzani" - kune ngozi zvikuru nekuda kwechikonzero ichi.
Mukaka unotengeswa mumambure ekugovera haudi kubikwa zvakare - wakave pasteurized. Nekupisa kwega kwega uye kunyanya kuvira kwemukaka, tinoderedza zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvinobatsira mukati maro, kusanganisira calcium uye mapuroteni: vari panguva yekupisa kupisa.
Haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti mukaka wekubikira hausi 100% inodzivirira kune mabhakitiriya anokuvadza. Zvipembenene zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakadai seStaphylococcus aureus kana kuti causative agent yetestinal tuberculosis hazvibviswi zvachose nekubikira kumba.
Pasteurization haisi kufashaira. "Zvichienderana nerudzi uye zvivakwa zvechikafu zvigadzirwa, nzira dzakasiyana dzepasteurization dzinoshandiswa. Kune refu (pakupisa kwe63-65 ° C kwemaminetsi 30-40), pfupi (patembiricha ye85-90 ° C ye0,5-1 miniti) uye pasteurization pakarepo (patembiricha ye98 ° C. kwemasekonzi akati wandei) . Kana chigadzirwa chacho chinopisa kwemasekonzi mashoma kusvika kune tembiricha inopfuura 100 °, itsika kutaura nezve ultra-pasteurization. ().
Mukaka wepasteurized hauna kubereka, kana kuti "wakafa," sezvinotaura vamwe vamiririri vezvokudya zvakasvibirira, uye naizvozvo unogona kunge uine mabhakitiriya anobatsira (uye anokuvadza!). Iyo yakavhurwa pasuru yemukaka wepasteurized haifanirwe kuchengetwa mukamuri tembiricha kwenguva yakareba.
Nhasi, mamwe marudzi emukaka ari ultra-pasteurized kana. Mukaka wakadaro wakachengeteka sezvinobvira (kusanganisira vana). Asi panguva imwecheteyo, zvinhu zvinobatsira zvinobviswa kubva mairi. A vhitamini yekuwedzera-musanganiswa dzimwe nguva inowedzerwa kumukaka wakadaro uye mafuta ari mukati anodzorwa kuti aenzanise iyo inobatsira kuumbwa. UHT mukaka pari zvino ndiyo nzira yepamusoro-soro yekugadzira mukaka kuuraya hutachiona uchichengeta makemikari anobatsira. Kusiyana nengano, UHT haibvisi mavhitamini nemamineral kubva mumukaka.
Mukaka wakanyoroveswa uye kunyange weupfu hauna kusiyana nemukaka wakakwana maererano nekuumbwa kweamino acids uye mavitamini. Zvisinei, sezvo mafuta emukaka ari nyore kugayiwa, hazvina musoro kunwa mukaka wakanyungudutswa uye kuzadza mapuroteni anodiwa neimwe nzira.
Mukaka wehupfu (upfu) hauna kuvharwa, une hutano hwakanyanya uye hurefu mumakori, unoshandiswa incl. mumitambo yekudya uye mukudya kwevakavaka muviri (ona: casein).
Zvinotendwa kuti mishonga inochengetedza kana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowedzerwa kumukaka wakatengwa muchitoro. Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mumukaka. Asi mukaka wakazara mumabhegi matanhatu. Iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kurongedza chikafu chiripo nhasi uye inogona kuchengeta mukaka kana muto wemichero kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu (pasi pemamiriro akakodzera). Asi tekinoroji yekugadzira iyi yekurongedza inoda sterilization yakazara, uye izvi zvinowanikwawo kuburikidza nekurapa kwemakemikari. hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, musanganiswa wehydrogen peroxide uye acetic acid. pamusoro pengozi dzekuputirwa kwakadaro pahutano!
Pane ngano yekuti mukaka une radionuclides. Izvi hazvisi chete (nokuti zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvinoda kupfuura rad. control), asiwo hazvina musoro, nekuti. mukaka pachawo ndiwo wakanakisa mushonga wekudzivirira kubva kumwaranzi kana kuchenesa muviri weradionuclides.
Nzira yekugadzirira sei mukaka?
Kana ukasachengeta mhou papurazi rako, iyo inogara ichiongororwa nachiremba wemhuka - zvinoreva kuti haugone kunwa mukaka mutsva - saka inofanira kubikwa (kupisa). Nekupisa kwega kwega, mukaka unorasikirwa nekunaka kwese ("organoleptic", nesainzi) uye anobatsira makemikari zvinhu. zvivako - kuitira kuti zvinongoda kuunzwa kune imwe nzvimbo yekubikira kamwe chete (uye kwete kufashaira), wozotonhodzwa kusvika kune tembiricha inofadza kunwa uye kudhakwa. Mukaka, mukati meawa imwe mushure memukaka, kamwe wakabatwa nenzira iyi kubva kuhutachiona uye kudhakwa, unoonekwa semutsva.
Zvakanaka kuwedzera zvinonhuwira kumukaka - vanoenzanisa simba remukaka paDoshas (mhando dzebumbiro maererano neAyurveda). Zvinonhuwira zvakakodzera mukaka (pini, kwete zvakare): turmeric, green cardamom, sinamoni, ginger, safironi, nutmeg, cloves, fennel, star anise, etc. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinonhuwira chakanyatsodzidza muAyurveda.
Maererano neAyurveda, kunyange huchi hwakanakisisa mukupisa uye kunyanya kuvira mukaka hunova chepfu, inoumba "ama" (slags).
Turmeric mukaka unowanzo kunzi "goridhe" mukaka. yakanaka uye inobatsira. Zvakakosha kufunga, zvisinei, kuti maererano nemashoko achangobva kuitika, Indian turmeric yakachipa inowanzova nemutobvu! Ipa zvakakosha kune zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro; usambotenga turmeric kubva kuIndia vanhu bazaar. Zvakanaka, tenga "organic" turmeric kubva kumurimi, kana "organic" yakasimbiswa. Zvikasadaro, kunaka kwe "goridhe" kunodonha semutoro wemutobvu pahutano.
Mukaka une safuroni unosimbisa, vanomwa mangwanani. Mukaka une nutmeg (unowedzera zvine mwero) unonyaradza, uye vanonwa manheru, asi kwete mberi kwemaawa 2-3 vasati varara: mukaka wakadhakwa nguva pfupi vasati varara, "usiku" - inopfupisa hupenyu. Vamwe veAmerican nutritionist ikozvino vanotonwa mukaka mangwanani.
Mukaka unounzwa kumota pamusoro pekupisa kwakadzika kana kwepakati - kana zvisina kudaro furo rinoumbwa zvakanyanya. Kana kuti mukaka ungapisa.
Mukaka une mafuta akawanda, macalorie emukati. Panguva imwecheteyo, mukaka unonwiwa kunze kwekudya kukuru, uye unogutsa kunzwa kwenzara, inotora nguva yakareba kuti igaye. Naizvozvo, hazvina kufanira kunetseka nezve uremu nekuda kwekushandiswa kwe200-300 g yemukaka pazuva. Nezvesainzi, kunwiwa kwemukaka kwakadaro hakukanganisi kuwedzera uremu kana kurasikirwa.
Upenyu husingawanzoitiki hunogona kutora zvinopfuura 300 ml yemukaka panguva. Asi chipunu chemukaka chichagaya chero mudumbu. Kudyiwa kwemukaka kunofanira kusarudzwa mumwe nomumwe! Kuwanda kwekushomeka kwelactase muRussia kunosiyana nedunhu (ona).
Sezvimwe zvinwiwa, mukaka unoita kuti muviri uwedzere acid kana ukanwiwa uchitonhora kana kupisa zvakanyanya. Mukaka pamwe nekuwedzera kwepini yesoda alkalizes. Mukaka unodziya zvishoma. Mukaka haufaniri kutonhora mazino ako kana kupisa. Inwa mukaka patembiricha yakafanana neyakapiwa vacheche. Mukaka une shuga yakawedzerwa uchavava (sezvichaita mvura yeremoni ine shuga): saka kuwedzera shuga hakudiwi kunze kwekunge uchinetseka nekushaya hope.
Mukaka unonyanya kutorwa wakaparadzana kubva kune zvimwe zvekudya. Kungofanana nekudya melon.
Uyezve, kuverenga kunobatsira:
· Kuda kuziva nezvezvakanakira mukaka;
· . Chinyorwa chekurapa;
· Detail mukaka;
· Chinyorwa chinotaura zvakanakira nekuipira mukaka kunharaunda yeInternet;
nezvemukaka. Ruzivo rwesainzi nhasi.