Ko howa hunodyei
Maererano nemhando yezvokudya, howa hunokamurwa kuita symbionts uye saprotrofi. Symbionts parasitize zvipenyu. Uye saprotrophs inosanganisira yakawanda ye mold uye cap howa, mbiriso. Saprotrophic fungi inoumba mycelium inogara ichirebesa mazuva ese. Nekuda kwekukurumidza kukura uye maumbirwo emhando, iyo mycelium yakabatana zvakanyanya neiyo substrate, iyo inogayiwa zvishoma nema enzymes akavanzika kunze kwemuviri wefungus, uye yobva yapinda mumasero efungal sechikafu.
Zvichienderana nenyaya yekuti howa hauna chlorophyll, hunoenderana zvachose nekuvapo kwechitubu chekudya kunovaka muviri, iyo yakatogadzirira kudyiwa.
Hwakawanda hwefungus dzinoshandisa organic matter yezvipenyu zvakafa pakudya kwadzo, pamwe nezvinosara zvezvirimwa, midzi inoora, marara emusango ari kuora, nezvimwewo. Basa rinoitwa nehowa kuti riparadze organic zvinhu rinobatsira zvikuru kumasango, sezvo richiwedzera mwero. yekuparadzwa kwemashizha akaoma, matavi nemiti yakafa iyo yaizozadza masango.
Fungi inokura pese pane zvisaririra zvezvirimwa, semuenzaniso, mashizha akadonha, huni hwekare, zvisaririra zvemhuka, uye zvinotsamwisa kuparara kwavo uye mineralization, pamwe nekuumbwa kwehumus. Saka, fungi inoparadza (vaparadzi), sebhakitiriya uye mamwe ma microorganisms.
Howa dzinosiyana zvikuru mukukwanisa kwavo kutora zvakasiyana-siyana organic compounds. Vamwe vanogona kudya chete makabhohaidhiretsi akareruka, doro, organic acids (shuga howa), vamwe vanokwanisa kuburitsa ma hydrolytic enzymes anoora starch, mapuroteni, cellulose, chitin uye kukura pane substrates ine zvinhu izvi.
Parasitic fungi
Hupenyu hwefungi idzi hunoitwa pamutengo wezvimwe zvipenyu, kusanganisira. miti yakakura. Fungi rakadaro rinogona kuunzwa mumakoronga asina kurongeka kana kupinda mukati memiti nenzira yezvipembenene zvinotakurwa nezvipembenene zvichidya maburi mumakwati. Sapwood nyuchi dzinoonekwa sedzinonyanya kutakura spores. Kana iwe ukadziongorora zvakadzama pasi pe microscope, ipapo pane zvimedu zvekunze skeleton yezvipembenene izvi, uyewo pahoko ye testicles, pane hyphae. Somugumisiro wekupinda kwe mycelium yeparasitic fungi mumidziyo yemiti, zvisimbiso zvefibrous zvemavara machena zvinoumbwa mumatumbu e "host", semugumisiro wekukurumidza kuoma uye kufa.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuvapo kwefungi inoparadza mamwe fungi. Muenzaniso unokatyamadza weizvi iBoletus parasiticus, iyo inogona kukura chete pafungi yerudzi Scleroderma (puffballs dzenhema). Panguva imwecheteyo, hapana mutsauko wakajeka pakati pezvirongwa zvekusimudzira izvi. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mapoka eparasitic fungi, semugumisiro wemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, anogona kuva absolute saprophytes. Mienzaniso yefungus yakadaro inonzi tinder fungi, pamwe chete neyakajairwa autumn howa, iyo inogona kushandisa zviwanikwa zve "host" uye kuiuraya munguva pfupi pfupi, mushure mekufa kwayo, inoshandisa matishu akafa ehupenyu hwayo. chiitiko.