Nzira yekuwana chikwereti chikuru muna 2022

Kutora chikwereti chikuru, nenzira inosungirwa kune bhizinesi, hazvina kuoma. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti mukwereti anofanira kunge aine zvese zvakarongeka nemari, kuchengetedzwa kwechikwereti uye nhoroondo yechikwereti. Mabhangi nemamwe masangano emari anoda kukweretesa kuvanhu muna 2022, nekuti vanoita mari yakanaka pamubereko uyo mutengi anobhadhara. Tichakuudza kuti ndeapi mari yechikwereti inotenderwa muNyika Yedu, izvo zvinonyanya kudiwa kune vanokwereta uye masosi kwaunogona kuwana mari. Isu tinoburitsa mirairo yekuti ungawana sei chikwereti chikuru.

Mamiriro ekuwana chikwereti chikuru

Nhanho-ne-nhanho mirayiridzo yekuwana chikwereti chikuru

1. Ongorora chikwereti chako

Mukweretesi anonyatso ita izvi kune mutengi, asi iwe zvakare unoda kuziva kana paine mukana wekuverengera pachikwereti chikuru? Chiyero chemukwereti ruzivo rwakavhurika uye munhu wese anogona kuziva nezvake mahara kaviri pagore. Chiyero chinobva panhoroondo yechikwereti. Gwaro rezvemari nezvemunhu wese akatora mari kubva kumasangano echikwereti kamwechete muNyika Yedu mumakore achangopfuura anochengetwa nechikwereti chenhoroondo bureaus (BKI).

Kune masere makuru maBCI muNyika Yedu (rondedzero pawebhusaiti yeCentral Bank). Kuti uzive kwakachengetwa nhoroondo yako yechikwereti, enda kune State Services portal. Muchikamu che "Mitero nemari" pane chidimbu "Ruzivo nezve kiredhiti bureaus". Tora masevhisi emagetsi uye mukati mezuva (kazhinji mumaawa akati wandei), mhinduro ichauya kuaccount yako ye portal.

Tora runyoro rwevanobatika uye webhu kero dzeBKI. Enda, nyoresa (iwe unogona kutendesa kuburikidza neState Services) uye uone kiredhiti yako. Iyo yemahara uye haina muganhu pahuwandu hwezvikumbiro. 

Muna 2022, Nyika Yedu yakatora chiyero chimwe kubva pa1 kusvika pa999 mapoinzi. Asi BKI inoturikira mapoinzi nenzira yavo. Semuenzaniso, hofisi yeNBKI ine mwero wepamusoro kubva pa594 kusvika pa903 mapoinzi, ukuwo Equifax ine mwero unotangira pa809 kusvika pa896.

Isu tinoburitsa tafura ine masvomhu zvinoreva zvibodzwa zvemabureaus.

Chiyero hachisi 100% vimbiso yekubvumidzwa kana kurambwa. Bhangi rinozoishandisa (haufanire kuratidza mhedzisiro yako, iyo institution pachayo inotumira chikumbiro kuCBI), asi ichashandisawo maturusi ayo ezvibodzwa - kuongororwa kweanokwereta.

Rating inobatwa ne:

• chikwereti mutoro (yakawanda sei iwe yaunokwereta mamwe mabhanga);
• nhoroondo yechikwereti uye mari yakapfuura yakafanira kwemakore manomwe apfuura;
• zvikwereti zvinotengeswa kuvateresi;
• kuunganidza chikwereti kuburikidza nedare (dzimba uye mabasa emunharaunda, alimony, muripo wekukuvara).

Ngatiitei mufananidzo wemunhu ane chiyero chakanaka: mumakore manomwe apfuura, akatora zvikwereti 3-5 ndokuvhara, akabhadhara zvose nenguva, pasina kunonoka, asi haana kubhadhara mberi kwepurogiramu, iye zvino haana. zvikwereti kana kusavapo zvachose. Mukwereti akadaro anogona kutora chikwereti chikuru. Asi zvakakoshawo kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nebhanga.

2. Tsvaga zvinodiwa nebhangi kune anokwereta

Isu takaongorora zvinopihwa nemabhangi makuru uye nekushambadza "arithmetic zvinoreva" mufananidzo wemutengi akakodzera.

• Kupfuura makore makumi maviri nemaviri.
• Muganho wepamusoro wezera ndeye 65-70 makore pakupera kwenguva yechikwereti.
• Citizen of the Federation, pane kunyoresa (propiska).
• Anoshanda zviri pamutemo mukambani hombe kweanopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu.
• Ane ruzivo rwebasa rwegore rimwe.
• Chinzvimbo chakanaka (supervisor).
• Mari yakakwira (kubhadhara pamwedzi hakupfuuri 50% yemuhoro).
• Nenhoroondo yechikwereti (yakambotora zvikwereti uye yakabudirira kuvhara).
• Mutengi webhangi remari.

3. Nyorera

Mvumo yechikwereti inotora isingasviki awa muna 2022. Panguva ino, iwe unotumira pfupi yemibvunzo kubhangi (kuburikidza newebhusaiti, nerunhare kana mumunhu), zivisa mari yaunoda uye ugamuchire mhinduro. Mari yacho inogona kubvumirwa zvishoma pane zvakakodzera. Pazasi pane nzira dzekuwana zvakawanda.

Kana iwe wakatarisa yako kiredhiti chiyero uye nhoroondo uye ukaona kuti une pakati pezviratidzi, pane kunonoka, saka usaisa pangozi kutumira kwezvikumbiro kumabhangi panguva ino. Zvese zvikumbiro zvako zvemari zvinorekodhwa muBKI. Mabhangi anozofunga seizvi: "Mutengi uyu anokumbira mari achifungira kazhinji, asi ko kana achida kutora zvikwereti zvakawanda kamwechete, achakwanisa here kuzvibhadhara?"

Nokudaro, zviri nani kusarudza rimwe kana maviri mabhangi anonyanya kuvimbika kwauri. Kwawakanga uine kadhi rechikwereti, dhipoziti, kana mutengi wekubhadhara. Mirira mhinduro yavo uye kana asina kuenderana newe, ipapo tumira zvikumbiro kune vamwe.

4. Unganidza magwaro

Pamberi pekubvumidzwa kwekupedzisira kwechikwereti, iwe uchafanirwa kutumira seti yezvinyorwa kubhangi. Iwe haugone kuwana chikwereti chikuru nepasipoti imwe chete.

Mapepa ekutanga. Iyo yepakutanga pasipoti yeFederation munzvimbo yekutanga. Paunenge uchitarisa chikumbiro chemari yakawanda, mukweretesi angangokumbira gwaro rechipiri - SNILS, pasipoti, rezinesi rekutyaira.

Zvinyorwa zvemari. Vanonyanya kuvimbika kune avo vanopa 2-NDFL chitupa chemari kubva kubasa. Unogona kuikumbira mudhipatimendi re accounting kana kuidhawunirodha muakaundi yako pawebhusaiti yebasa remutero - iyo Federal Tax Service yeFederation. Asi mabhanga anowanzo kubvumirana nechirevo chemari muchimiro chebhangi kana account statement muzita rako.

Zvimwe. Ivo vanokukumbira kuti usimbise basa uye ruzivo rwebasa neinobvisa kubva muhomwe yepenjeni - Pension Fund yeFederation. Inogona kuwanikwa online kuburikidza neState Services, pamwe nekubatanidza makopi emapeji ebhuku rebasa.

5. Mirira mvumo uye uwane chikwereti

Sarudzo yekuburitsa zvikwereti zvakakura, mabhangi anotora nguva yakareba kupfuura zvikwereti zvakajairika. Mvumo inotenderwa nevashandi vakati wandei nemadhipatimendi. Nekudaro, iko zvino muNyika Yedu, masevhisi ekubhengi anonyatso kutariswa nevatengi, saka iyo sangano rezvemari hainonoke mhinduro. Mushure mekuendesa magwaro, mvumo inowanzouya mukati mezuva rimwe kusvika matatu.

6. SemiчWana mari uye gadzirira kubhadhara kwekutanga

Iyo bhangi ichaendesa iyo mari kuaccount yako, kubva kwazvinenge zvichikwanisika kuvaendesa kune kadhi. Zvinokwanisika zvakare kuraira kubvisa mari kubazi. Kana kuendesa nekuunganidza kumba kwako, hofisi. Usakanganwa kutsanangura apo mari yekutanga yekubhadhara chikwereti inokodzera zvinoenderana nehurongwa. Zvinogoneka kuti kare mwedzi uno.

Kupi kwekuwana chikwereti chikuru

1. Bhangi

The classic source kutora chikwereti chikuru. Masangano emari anoisa mberi zvakasiyana zvinodiwa uye mamiriro echikwereti. Mabhangi makuru anotarisa zvakanyanya kune vanonyorera. Vadiki vanogona kupa chikamu chepamusoro, asi bvumidza chikwereti.

2. Pawn shop

Iyo pawnshop inogamuchira zvishongo zvegoridhe, mota, wachi kana midziyo yakakosha sechibatiso. Havagoni kutora dzimba. Mari yacho inotarwa zvichienderana nemutengo wezvigadzirwa. Saizvozvo, kuti iwe ugopihwa 1 rubles, iwe unofanirwa kuendesa huwandu hukuru hwegoridhe kana zvimwe zvakakosha. Uyezve, haasi ese ma pawnshop anoshanda nezvishongo zvinodhura.

3. Macooperatives

Zita rizere nderechikwereti chevatengi cooperatives (CPC). Chinhu chebasa iri mari yenhengo, iyo inobhadharwa kuwedzera kune mubereko. Ndokumbira utarise kuti mune dzimwe nguva, kunyangwe nekubhadhara kwekutanga, uchafanirwa kubhadhara mari yenhengo yenguva yese yechikwereti. Mipiro yakadaro iri muhurongwa hwekubhadhara kana kutsanangurwa mumagwaro emutemo emubatanidzwa. Uye kana wakatora chikwereti kwenguva yemakore mashanu, asi wakachidzorera mushure megore nehafu, ipapo mubereko uchaverengerwa kwauri, uye mubhadharo wenhengo uchabhadharwa kwemwedzi makumi matanhatu. 

4. Vanoisa mari

Iwe unogona zvakare kukwereta mari pamubereko kubva kuvanhu. Chinhu chikuru ndechekubvumirana nemukweretesi pane zvinyorwa uye kuzvinyora. Rangarira kuti zvinorambidzwa kune vanoisa mari pachivande kutora dzimba kubva kuvanhu sechibatiso - rudzi urwu rwekuchengetedza nderwemabhizinesi ega kana LLCs.

Ndekupi chaiko kusingazopi chikwereti chikuru

Microcredit masangano (aka "mari inokurumidza", "kubhadhara zvikwereti", MFIs) kazhinji ane muganhu maererano nehukuru hwemari yose yechikwereti (TCP). Semuenzaniso, MFI haigoni kubudisa anopfuura 30 rubles kune anokwereta.

Ndeipi mari inogona kupihwa

- Huwandu hwehuwandu hwemari yakabvumidzwa hunoenderana, kutanga kune zvese, parudzi rwekukweretesa. Kana isu tichitaura nezve kuburitsa mari yakachengetedzwa nepfuma, semuenzaniso, imba kana mota, ipapo iyo yakawanda mari ichaverengerwa kubva pakukosha kwepfuma. Zvikwereti zvakachengetedzwa zvinowanzobudiswa nemabhangi maduku, pakati pevatengi vavo pasina nguva dzose yevakwereta vane huwandu hwepamusoro hwemari yepamutemo, - inodaro nyanzvi yezvemari, mukuru weBroup Assistance. Alexey Lashko.

Nechikwereti chakachengetedzwa, vazhinji vanoverenga huwandu hwakanyanya se40-60% yekukosha kwepfuma. Asi musika wezvivakwa uri kuramba uchichinja, ndosaka uchikwanisa kupedzisira wawana kubva kubhangi kwete mari yawaitarisira. Mamwe mabhangi anoburitsa anosvika 30 miriyoni rubles akachengetedzwa nezvivakwa, semuenzaniso, dzimba. 

Nechikwereti chakachengetedzwa, iwe unofanirwawo kuona mari yako.

Kana pasina chibvumirano, chikamu chemari, mutoro wechikwereti uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinotariswa.

- Imwe yemaitiro akakosha kuvepo kwechirongwa chemuhoro uchishandisa account yemukwereti uye chinhu chinodhura. Semuenzaniso, kana ukashandisa zviuru makumi mashanu zveRubles pamaresitorendi mwedzi wega wega, ipapo iwe ungangove wakabvumidzwa kune yakakura kiredhiti muganho pasina chibvumirano. Mapurojekiti ekubhadhara anotamba mumaoko emutengi, kunyanya kana ari mushandi wesangano rakakura. Muchiitiko ichi, une mukana wese wekugamuchira kusvika ku50 rubles pasina kusimbiswa kwemari uye chibatiso, - anowedzera. Alexey Lashko.

Kutora chikwereti chikuru, nhoroondo yechikwereti yakakosha. Kana iwe wakadzokorora kubvumidza kunonoka kwenguva isingadariki mazuva manomwe, bhangi rinozvinyora sezvivharo zvehunyanzvi. Asi kana wanga wasvika kumazuva makumi matatu ebhizinesi apfuura mugore rapfuura kana maviri, unogona kupihwa yakachengetedzwa mhando yechikwereti. Muzviitiko apo kune kunonoka kwakawanda munhoroondo kwenguva inopfuura 7 mazuva ekushanda, chikwereti chinogona kuwanikwa chete pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwepfuma. 

Kana iwe usina kugutsikana nemari yakabvumirwa, unogona kuwedzera. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzinotevera:

1. kuwedzera kwemari. Mari yekuwedzera inoreva kubatanidzwa kweanovimbisa nemukuru akatsiga kana mari inopihwa zviri pamutemo muchiitiko chekutengeserana;
2. chitsidzo chepfuma. Nekuwedzera chibatiso, mari kubva kune mukweretesi inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya.

Mabhangi anogona kuzvibata zvakasiyana: vamwe vanoisa yavo mamiriro uye vanotarisira kuti mutengi anozoagamuchira zvisina magumo. Vamwe vanonyanya kuvimbika uye vanotaurirana nemukwereti. Mabhangi akadaro anogona kuvandudza mamiriro kwemavhiki kana iwe ukawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma zvibatiso uye guarantors itsva. Somugumisiro, unowana mamiriro anotarisirwa, asi kwete nekukurumidza sekubvumirwa kwe "yakaoma" mari pasina chibvumirano. 

-Kutaurirana nebhangi kunogoneka chete mune izvo zviitiko kana iwe uri mutengi mukuru, uye bhangi pacharo rinofarira kubatana newe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iwe unogona kuisa mberi kwako mamiriro uye, kazhinji, vashandi vesangano rezvemari vanovagamuchira kana kupa imwe nzira yakasununguka, nyanzvi manotsi.

Mari yakawanda yechikwereti inogumira nemutemo. Iyo Central Bank yeNyika Yedu inoisa iyo yakanyanya kudhura mutengo wechikwereti (TCC) kune yega yega mhando yechikwereti. Mutengo uyu unofanirwa kusanganisira ese mamwe masevhisi, kusanganisira inishuwarenzi uye mamwe.

Chiratidzo chakakamurwa kuita mazwi uye huwandu. Mutengo wakazara wechikwereti wakagoverwa kune anotevera mapoka:

• kukweretesa kwakachengetedzwa;
• kukweretesa kusina kuchengetedzwa;
• mortgage;
• chikwereti chemotokari, nezvimwewo.

Iyo Central Bank inoburitsa ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino muchikamu chakakosha chewebhusaiti yayo. Inovandudzwa nguva dzose - kusvika kashanu pagore.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Mibvunzo inopindurwa nenyanzvi yezvemari, mukuru weBoka Rokubatsira Makambani Alexey Lashko.