Mukati
Chiono chimwe chezvakakosha pfungwa dzevanhu, saka kuderedza kupinza kwayo kunogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwehupenyu. Ngationei kuti ungavandudza sei kuona kwako kumba uye zvaunofanira kurangarira kuti maziso ako ave neutano hwakanaka.
Ruzivo runobatsira pamusoro pechiratidzo
| Diopter | Kuona zvakanaka |
| Kupfuura +5 | high degree hyperopia |
| Kubva +2 kusvika +5 | mwero hyperopia |
| Kusvikira +2 | hypermetropia nyoro |
| 1 | kuona zvakanaka |
| Zvisingasviki -3 | myopia nyoro |
| Kubva -3 kusvika -6 | myopia ine mwero |
| Kupfuura -6 | yakakwirira myopia |
Kuona kwakajairika kunoratidzwa nenhamba "1". Kana maonero ekuona akarasika, ipapo munhu angave ane hypermetropia, kureva, kuona kure, kana myopia - myopia.
Chikonzero nei chiono chichiderera
Chiono chemunhu chinogona kuipa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda uye zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira nhaka, uye kuomerwa kwemaziso (somuenzaniso, nekuda kwekushanda nguva dzose pakombiyuta), uye zvimwe zvirwere (kusanganisira zera-ane chokuita nezera), uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Vanachiremba vanokurudzira pakarepo kuonana neophthalmologist nekuderera kwekuona. Mushure mezvose, chiono chisina kujeka chinogona kuva chikonzero chechimwe chirwere chine ngozi chisina kubatanidzwa nemaziso.
Somuenzaniso, kuona kunogona kuderera nemhaka yechirwere cheshuga.1 (chirwere cheshuga retinopathy), vascular, endocrine, connective tishu uye zvirwere zvetsinga.
Mhando dzezvirwere zvemaziso
Zvirwere zvemaziso zvinonyanya kuwanda. Maererano neWorld Health Organization, munhu wose akura ane rinenge dambudziko rimwe rokuona. Munyika yose, vanhu mabhiriyoni 2,2 vanorarama nehumwe rudzi rwekusaona zvakanaka kana kuti upofu. Pakati peizvi, vanhu vanosvika bhiriyoni imwe vane hurema hwekuona hunogona kudzivirirwa kana kugadziriswa.2.
Mamiriro emeso akajairika anogona kutungamirira kune kukanganiswa kwekuona
Cataract
Cataracts inoratidzirwa nekuputira kwelenzi yeziso, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune chikamu kana kutokwana upofu. Ngozi yekugadzira cataract inowedzera nezera, kukuvara uye zvirwere zvemaziso zvinoputika. Boka rengozi rinosanganisirawo vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga mellitus uye zvirwere zvemwoyo, kushandisa doro zvisina kunaka, kusvuta.
Uku kukuvadzwa kwechikamu chepakati cheretina, icho chinokonzera kuona kwakadzama. Chirwere ichi chinoguma nemavara matema, mimvuri, kana kukanganisa kwekuona kwepakati. Vari panjodzi vanhu vakura.
Kuyerera kwe cornea
Zvinonyanya kukonzera cornea opacity ndiko kuzvimba uye inotapukira ziso zvirwere (semuenzaniso, keratitis, trachoma), kukuvara kwemaziso, matambudziko mushure mekuvhiyiwa panhengo, congenital uye genetic pathologies.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma kukuvadzwa kunoenderera mberi kwetsinga yemaziso izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuupofu husingagumi. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoitika pakati pevakwegura.
Chirwere cheshuga retinopathy
Uku kukuvadzwa kwetsinga dzeropa muretina yeziso inoitika nechirwere cheshuga mellitus. Kazhinji kazhinji, chirwere chinokura nechirwere cheshuga kwenguva refu uye, kana chikasarapwa, chinogona kukonzera upofu hwakakwana.
Refraction anomalies
Refractive kukanganisa ndiko kukanganisa kwekuona umo zvakaoma kunyatsotarisa mufananidzo kubva kunze kwenyika. Aya ndiwo marudzi ekuremara kwemaziso: anosanganisira hyperopia, myopia uye astigmatism.
Trachoma
Ichi chirwere chinotapukira cheziso, icho chinoperekedzwa nekukuvadza kune cornea uye conjunctiva. Trachoma inoratidzirwa nekupenya kwecornea, kuderera kwekuona, mavanga. Nechirwere chinoramba chichiitika kwemakore akawanda, volvulus yemaziso inokura - eyelashes inogona kutendeukira mukati. Chirwere ichi chinotungamirira kuupofu.
10 Nzira Dzakanakisisa dzeKuvandudza Kuona Kwemaziso Pasina Magirazi Pamba
1. Pharmacy zvigadzirwa
Kune mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yekuvandudza maonero, zvisinei, inofanira kushandiswa sezvinorayirwa nachiremba. Muma pharmacy, unogona kuwana madonhwe ekuzorodza mhasuru dzeziso, kusimbisa retina, pamwe nekunyorovesa madonhwe.
2. Deredza kushushikana kwemaziso
Paunenge uchishanda pakombuta, ophthalmologists vanopa zano kutora mapfupi ega ega 20-30 maminetsi. Iwe unofanirwawo kuverenga nekunyora zvakanaka - mutemo uyu unonyanya kushanda kuvana vechikoro.
3. Chikafu chakakodzera
Kushaikwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvekutevera mukudya zvinogona kutungamirira mukukanganiswa kwekuona.3. Zvokudya zvakapfuma muvhitamini A uye C, pamwe neomega fatty acids, zvinokanganisa maonero. Izvi zvinosanganisira karoti, blueberries, broccoli, salmon greens, mazai, mhiripiri inotapira, chibage, michero yecitrus, uye nzungu.
4. Kudzidzira maziso
Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvingasarudzwa zvekurovedza muviri. Uku kunowanzobwaira, uye masaja eyelid, uye kutarisa pazvinhu zviri pedyo uye zviri kure, uye denderedzwa ziso rekufamba.
- Gymnastics yemaziso inobatsira pamwe chete nedzimwe tsandanyama dzemuviri. Paunotarisa pachinhu chiri pedyo, tsandanyama iri mukati meziso rinomira, uye rinozorora kana watarisa kure. Naizvozvo, kune avo vanoshanda kwenguva yakareba padhuze negadget, avo vanobatana neiyo IT indasitiri, zvinodikanwa kuchinjisa kure uye pedyo zvinotarisa. Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa kure kure nemaminetsi mashoma paawa, - inopa zano Chiremba weMedical Science, ophthalmologist-surgeon, nyanzvi yeChiremba TV chiteshi Tatyana Shilova.
5. Mavhitamini ekuwedzera
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kosi yevhitamini B, E, C, A inotarirwa kudzivirira uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvemaziso. Vitamin complexes inogona kunge ine contraindications, saka unofanirwa kunyatsoverenga mirairo, kana zvirinani, bvunza chiremba.
6. Massage yekervical-collar zone
Iyi nzira inobatsira kuvandudza kutenderera kweropa, kudzoreredza kutenderera kweropa, uye kubuda kwemvura. Massage yecervical-collar zone zvakare zvirinani kuronzesa kune nyanzvi.
7. Kurara kwakanaka uye maitiro ezuva nezuva
Kuzorora kwakanaka kunobatsira kudzoreredza kupihwa kwezvinovaka muviri kune retina, izvo pasina mubvunzo zvinovandudza kuona uye kubatsira kuchengetedza kupinza kwayo. Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kurara maawa 7-9 usiku.
8. Kuramba tsika dzakaipa
Kusvuta kunonokesa metabolism mumuviri, saka zvinoteedzera zvinhu zvinodiwa pakuita kwenhengo dzechiratidzo hazvisvike kwavari. Izvi, zvakare, zvinowedzera njodzi yekugadzira cataract, yakaoma eye syndrome, matambudziko muoptic nerve, uye mamwe matambudziko. Kuratidzwa kwemaziso kuutsi hwefodya kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kana kurasikirwa zvachose kwekuona.
9. Chiitwa chemuviri
Mitsipa inoputika mumuzongoza uye mumutsipa inokanganisa hurongwa hwemagetsi, kusanganisira kushanda kwemaziso. Kuita zvemuviri uye kufamba nguva dzose mumhepo yakachena kunobatsira kusimbisa muscular corset, kuwedzera kuyerera kweropa uye kuendeswa kwezvinovaka muviri kune tsandanyama inogadzirisa nzvimbo ye lens yeziso, iyo ine basa rekugadzirisa kutarisa kwekuona.4.
10. Kupfeka magirazi ezuva
Magirazi akanyatsogadzirirwa anodzivirira maziso ako kubva kune yakawandisa ultraviolet mwaranzi inogona kukanganisa cornea uye retina. Magirazi ezuva anoderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvemaziso zvakakomba uye achakubatsirawo kuti chiono chako chive chakajeka uye chakapinza kumba.
Mazano evanachiremba ekuvandudza maonero kumba
Maererano naTatyana Shilova, mune dzimwe nguva, maitiro emeso anobatsira kuvandudza maonero. Maekisesaizi ekutarisa chiono pazvinhu zviri kure-pedyo zvakanyanya kubatsira kune vanhu vanoshanda pakombuta uye vanowanzo shandisa gadget.
Zvakare, chiremba wemaziso-anovhiya anokurudzira kuti macontact lens aregedzwe senzira yekugadzirisa kuona.
- Nzira yakachengetedzeka yekugadzirisa magirazi. Mukuwedzera, iyo yekuonana lens munguva refu inogara ine njodzi hutachiona, dystrophic shanduko uye mamwe matambudziko. Ophthalmologists, kunyanya ophthalmologist-vanovhiya vanoita laser vision correction (nhasi zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa, mukati memasekonzi makumi maviri neshanu), vanoti kupfeka macontact lens haisiyo nzira yakanakisa yekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, nyanzvi dzinopa avo vanoshandisa maconta lenzi uye vanoda kuchengetedza mari kuti vagadzirise laser, anowedzera Tatyana Shilova.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira
Mhinduro kumibvunzo yakakurumbira pamusoro pekukanganiswa kwekuona MD, ophthalmologist-chiremba anovhiya Tatiana Shilova uye ophthalmologist paEuropean Medical Center Natalia Bosha.
Chii chinonyanya kukanganisa maziso ako?
Chinhu chechipiri chinokanganisa maonero ndeye genetics. Kana pane genetic predisposition kune myopia, kuona kure, astigmatism, saka tinoipfuudza nenhaka.
Chinhu chechitatu chinosangana nezvirwere: chirwere cheshuga, vascular atherosclerosis, hypertension. Ichi chinhu chinokanganisa zvikuru kwete nhengo dzose dzemuviri wedu, asiwo nhengo yekuona, - anodaro Tatyana Shilova.
- Chimwe chezvinhu zvisingafadzi ndezvokuona mutoro uri pedyo. Chero chinhu chiri padyo kupfuura 35-40 centimita inoonekwa seyakaringana. Iyo iri kure kubva kure ichi, zviri nyore, zviri nyore kune maziso, - inosimbisa Natalia Bosha.
Chiono chinogona kudzorerwa pasina kuvhiyiwa here?
Kana isu tichitaura nezvekusagadzikana kwekushanda (semuenzaniso, kuwanda kwemusuru ye intraocular inokonzeresa maitiro ekutarisa "kure-pedyo") kana kutyorwa kweiyo ocular nzvimbo ine yakabatana "dry eye" syndrome, ipapo kuona kunogona kuita zvishoma. kana kudzorerwa zvachose uchishandisa nzira dzokurapa. Chiremba chete ndiye anogona kuona chikonzero chekutadza kuona,” anopindura Tatyana Shilova.
- Nekurebesa mutoro wakareba, iyo inonzi spasm yekugara inogona kukura, apo lenzi yeziso haigone kuchinjika kune kure uye pedyo nekuona. Spasm yekugara inowedzera kuratidzwa kwe myopia kana kutsamwisa kutaridzika kwayo. Izvi zvinonzi myopia yenhema. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, chiono chinogona kudzorerwa pasina kupindira kwekuvhiya. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kurapwa neophthalmologist, shandisa madonhwe anokosha, ita maekisesaizi ekuzorora uye kuwedzera kushanda kwemhasuru dzeziso. Muchiitiko ichi, kuona kunogona kudzorerwa, "anowedzera Natalia Bosha.
Ndedzipi njodzi dzelaser vision correction?
- Mushure mekugadziriswa kwelaser, zvakakosha kuti murwere atevedze mamwe mazano. Izvi zvinodzivirira matambudziko epashure. Semuenzaniso, murwere anoda kushandisa madonhwe anokosha mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kwevhiki kuti arege kutamba mitambo, kuenda kudziva, kugeza uye sauna. Uye yechipiri yakakosha poindi mushure mekugadziriswa kwelaser: mukati mevhiki zvakakosha kuti udzivise kukuvara uye chero masimba ekubata, inosimbisa Natalia Bosha.
Ko mhedzisiro yelaser kuona kururamisa inotora nguva yakareba sei?
Kuvhiya uku kwave kuchiitwa kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu. Kune varwere vane mhedzisiro inogara kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu. Ehe, dzimwe nguva kune kuderera kudiki mushure memakore 30-30 kubva pazuva rekuvhiya. Sezvo mutemo, izvi zvinoonekwa kune varwere vane myopia yekutanga (-15 uye pamusoro), - anowedzera Natalia Bosha.
Zvitubu zve:
- Shadrichev FE Diabetic retinopathy (pfungwa ye ophthalmologist). Chirwere cheshuga. 2008; 11(3): 8-11. https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5349.
- World report on vision [World report on vision]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/328717/9789240017207-rus.pdf
- Ivanova AA Dzidzo uye hutano hwemaziso. Hungwaru kugona kwezana ramakore reXXI: nhanho yeruzivo. 2016: P. 22.
- Ivanova AA Dzidzo uye hutano hwemaziso. Hungwaru kugona kwezana ramakore reXXI: nhanho yeruzivo. 2016: P. 23.