Hurukuro yezvitsuwa zviri kunyura yakagara iripo senzira yekutsanangura njodzi dzenguva yemberi dzinotarisana nenyika dzezvitsuwa zviduku. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti nhasi kutyisidzira uku kwave kutove kunzwisisika. Nyika zhinji dzezvitsuwa zvidiki dzakafunga kuunza zvakare marongero aimbove asingafarirwe ekugara patsva uye kutama-tama nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Ndiyo nyaya yeChristmas Island kana Kiribati, iri pakati pePacific Ocean - iyo yakakura kwazvo coral atoll munyika. Kunyatsoongorora nhoroondo yechitsuwa ichi kunojekesa matambudziko anotarisana nevanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzakafanana munyika yose uye pakusakwana kwezvematongerwo enyika epasi pose.
Kiribati ine yakasviba yapfuura yeBritish colonialism uye kuyedza kwenyukireya. Vakawana rusununguko kubva kuUnited Kingdom musi waChikunguru 12, 1979, apo Republic of Kiribati yakasikwa kuti itonge boka rezvitsuwa makumi matatu nenhatu zviri kumativi ese eequator munzvimbo iyi. Iye zvino imwe tyisidziro inooneka pamusoro pedenga.
Yakasimudzwa isingapfuuri mamita maviri pamusoro pegungwa pakakwirira payo, Kiribati ndechimwe chezvitsuwa zvinogarwa nemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya pasi pano. Inowanikwa pakati penyika, asi vanhu vazhinji havagone kuizivisa nemazvo pamepu uye vanoziva zvishoma nezve hupfumi hwetsika netsika dzevanhu ava.
Tsika iyi inogona kupera. Mumwe muvanomwe vanotamira kuKiribati, kungave pakati pechitsuwa kana kune dzimwe nyika, inotungamirirwa nekushanduka kwezvakatipoteredza. Uye mushumo we2016 UN wakaratidza kuti hafu yedzimba dzakatobatwa nekukwira kwegungwa muKiribati. Kukwira kwemvura yemugungwa kunogadzirawo matambudziko nekuchengetwa kwemarara enyukireya munzvimbo diki dzezvitsuwa, zvisaririra zvekare zvekoloni.
Vanhu vakadzingwa vanova vapoteri nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze: vanhu vakamanikidzwa kusiya misha yavo nekuda kwemhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze akaomarara uye kudzokera kuhupenyu hwese kune imwe nzvimbo, vachirasikirwa netsika yavo, mharaunda uye simba rekuita sarudzo.
Dambudziko iri rinotowedzera. Kuwedzera kwemadutu nemamiriro ekunze kwakabvisa avhareji yevanhu 24,1 miriyoni pagore pasi rose kubva 2008, uye World Bank inofungidzira kuti mamwe 143 miriyoni vanhu vachatamiswa panosvika 2050 mumatunhu matatu chete: Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia uye Latin America.
Panyaya yeKiribati, nzira dzinoverengeka dzakagadzirwa kubatsira vagari vezvitsuwa. Semuenzaniso, Hurumende yeKiribati iri kuita chirongwa cheMigration with Dignity kuti pave nevashandi vane hunyanzvi vanogona kuwana mabasa akanaka kunze kwenyika. Hurumende yakatengawo 2014 maeka evhu muFiji mu6 kuyedza kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu sezvo nharaunda inoshanduka.
New Zealand yakabatawo gore negore lottery yemikana inonzi "Pacific Ballot". Rotari iyi yakagadzirirwa kubatsira vagari veKiribati 75 kugara muNew Zealand pagore. Zvakadaro, zvinonzi quotas hadzisati dzazadzikiswa. Zvinonzwisisika kuti vanhu havadi kusiya misha yavo, mhuri uye hupenyu.
Zvichakadaro, World Bank neUN vanopokana kuti Australia neNew Zealand dzinofanirwa kuvandudza mafambiro evashandi vemwaka uye kubvumidza kutama kwakavhurika kwevagari veKiribati vachifunga nezvekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvisinei, basa remwaka kazhinji haripi tarisiro huru dzeupenyu huri nani.
Kunyange zvazvo zvematongerwo enyika enyika dzine vavariro dzakanaka dzakanyanya kutarisisa kugariswa patsva panzvimbo pekupa simba rekugadzirisa uye nerutsigiro rwenguva refu, sarudzo idzi hadzisati dzichipa kuzvitonga kwechokwadi kwevanhu veKiribati. Vanowanzo gadzirisa vanhu nekucheka kutama kwavo kuita zvirongwa zvebasa.
Izvi zvinoreva zvakare kuti mapurojekiti anobatsira emunharaunda akadai senhandare yendege nyowani, chirongwa chekugara zvachose uye chirongwa chitsva chekushanya kwemugungwa chinogona kukurumidza kupera. Kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kutama hakuite chinhu chinodiwa, nzira dzechokwadi uye dzinokwanisika dzekudzoreredza nekuchengetedza ivhu pachitsuwa dzinodiwa.
Kukurudzira kutama kwevanhu ndiko, hongu, isarudzo shoma. Asi hatifaniri kuwira mumusungo wokufunga kuti iyi ndiyo nzira bedzi yokubuda nayo. Hatifaniri kurega chiwi ichi chichinyura.
Iri harisi dambudziko revanhu chete - kusiya chitsuwa ichi mugungwa kunozopedzisira kwakonzera kutsakatika kwemarudzi eshiri ayo asingawaniki kumwe paPasi, seBokikokiko warbler. Dzimwe nyika dzezvitsuwa zviduku dziri kutyisidzirwa nekukwira kwemvura yemugungwa dzinewo mhuka dziri mungozi yokutsakatika.
Rubatsiro rwepasi rose runogona kugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji emunguva yemberi uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo iyi inoshamisa uye yakanaka kune vanhu, mhuka dzisiri dzevanhu nemiti, asi kushaikwa kwerutsigiro kubva kunyika dzakapfuma kunoita kuti zviome kune vagari vezvitsuwa zvidiki kuti vafunge nezvesarudzo dzakadaro. Zvitsuwa zvekugadzira zvakagadzirwa muDubai - nei? Kune dzimwe dzakawanda sarudzo dzakadai sekusimbisa kwebhangi uye tekinoroji yekudzorera ivhu. Sarudzo dzakadaro dzinogona kuchengetedza nyika yeKiribati uye panguva imwechete kuwedzera kusimba kwenzvimbo idzi, kana rubatsiro rwepasirese rwaikurumidza uye rwunoenderana kubva kunyika dzakakonzera dambudziko iri remamiriro ekunze.
Panguva yekunyorwa kwe1951 UN Refugee Convention, pakanga pasina tsanangudzo inogamuchirwa pasi rose ye "mupoteri wemamiriro ekunze". Izvi zvinogadzira gaka rekudzivirira, sezvo kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kusingakodzeri se "kutambudzwa". Izvi zviri kuitika zvisinei nekuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kunyanya kukonzerwa nekuita kwenyika dzakabudirira uye kusakoshesa kwadzo mukugadzirisa dambudziko rayo.
Musangano weUN Climate Action Summit musi waGunyana 23, 2019 unogona kutanga kugadzirisa zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi. Asi kumamiriyoni evanhu vanogara munzvimbo dziri kutyisidzirwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, nyaya ndeyekururamisira kwemhoteredzo uye mamiriro ekunze. Uyu mubvunzo haufanire kungove wekuti kutyisidzira kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kutariswa, asiwo nei avo vanoda kuramba vachigara muzvitsuwa zvidiki kazhinji vasina zviwanikwa kana kuzvimiririra kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye mamwe matambudziko epasi rose.