Mukati
Shamwari, maiwe, munguva yedu, usati wawana mufaro wakamirirwa kwenguva refu, unofanirwa kuenda kuburikidza nezviitiko zvakawanda nezvipingaidzo. Kugamuchirwa kunosanganisira nhamba huru yehurongwa. Kuti tikubatsire mune iri basa rakaoma asi rinopa mubairo, isu tiri zvakare kutsikisa zvinyorwa zvakapihwa kwatiri neChange One Life Foundation.
Uye nhasi tichabata pamisoro yakati wandei panguva, yakakosha kuvabereki vakasarudza kutora mwana:
- Ndiani anogona kuve muchengeti uye chii chinonzi SPR?
- Kuunganidza zvinyorwa
- Isu tinotaurirana nevatarisiri uye vatariri
- Tiri kutsvaga mwana nekunyoresa kuchengetwa
- Kugadzirira hupenyu hutsva
- Tinonyoresa mhuri yekurera
Nhanganyaya: Kuchengetwa kwevamwe kana mhuri yekurera
Nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaficha emhuri mumutemo weRussia, zvese zviri nyore kupfuura zvinoita. Uye zvinoita sekunge zvese zvakatiomera, kunyanya nekuti isu takavhiringidzwa nenhau. Vatori venhau vasina hunyanzvi vanoshevedza vana vese vakawana vabereki vavo vasina "kusarudza", uye mhuri dzese dzakatora vana vakadaro kurerwa - "vakarerwa". Ipo pachokwadi, vabereki vokurera havarere vana, asi vanovatora pasi pekutarisirwa. Asi vatori venhau havana nguva yekunzwisisa hunyengeri hwakadai - saka vanogadzira stereotype imwe mushure meimwe.
Kazhinji, pane marudzi maviri chete emhuri mamiriro muRussia - kugamuchirwa nekutarisirwa. Hukama hwepamutemo pakati pevakuru nemwana panguva yekurerwa hunogadziriswa zvakanyanya neKodhi Yemhuri yeRussian Federation, uye mune nyaya yekuchengeta (pamwe nekutarisira nekurera vana) - neCivil Code. Kuchengetedzwa kubva pakuchengetedzwa
inosiyana muzera remwana (mukuru pamakore gumi nemana), uye mhuri yekurera ndeye yakabhadharwa fomu yekuchengeta, kana muchengeti achiwana mubairo webasa rake. Mune mamwe mazwi: hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwemhuri yekurera inogara iri kunyoreswa kwekuchengetwa kana kuchengetwa kwemwana. Naizvozvo, kuitira nyore kuona, zvirevo "zvekurera mhuri" uye "mubereki wekurera", pamwe ne "kuchengetedzwa" uye "trustee" zvinongoitika chete uko zvisingaite kuita pasina ivo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvese - "kuchengetwa" uye "muchengeti".
Kunyangwe hazvo chokwadi chekuti chimiro chekutanga chemamiriro emhuri muRussian Federation chinoonekwa sekugamuchirwa, nhasi vazhinji uye vagari vanogamuchira mwana ane dambudziko rakaoma mumhuri yavo vanosarudza kuchengetedzwa uye nezvimwe zvinobva. Sei? Kubva pane zvido zvemwana. Pashure zvese, kana kuri kunyoreswa kwekuchengetwa, mwana anochengeta chinzvimbo chake senherera, uye, zvichidaro, ese mabhenefiti, kubhadhara uye mamwe mabhenefiti anobva kuhurumende.
Kusarudza pakati pekurera nekuchengeta, vabereki vazhinji vanoisa divi rezvinhu kunyaya iri pamberi. Mumatunhu mazhinji, vabereki vokurera vanogashira mari yakawanda. Semuenzaniso, vagari venharaunda yeKaliningrad vanogona kugamuchira 615 zviuru zveRuble zvekutenga nzvimbo dzekugara panzvimbo yemwana akarerwa. Uye mudunhu rePskov, vanopa mazana mashanu ezviuru zvemaRuble pasina zvirambidzo pakushandisa kwavo. Uye kwete chete kune vagari vePskov, asi nevabereki vekurera kubva kunharaunda ipi neipi.
Uye zvakare, kubvira 2013, pakugamuchira hanzvadzi nehama, kana vakaremara vana kana vechidiki vanopfuura makore gumi, nyika inobhadhara vabereki zviuru zana zveRuble panguva imwe chete. Uye kana mwana akarerwa ari wechipiri mumhuri, saka vabereki vanogona zvakare kutora maternity capital. Zvese izvi kubhadhara ndezve rubatsiro rwakanaka kusimudzira mamiriro ekugara emhuri. Asi, sezvambotaurwa, nherera mune yekurerwa inova mwana wechiRussia, achirasikirwa ne "nherera huru", kusanganisira dzimba dzavo.
Kune rimwe divi, zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuti mwana, kunyanya mwana akura, azive kuti haana "kudzivirirwa", asi akagamuchirwa-ndiko kuti, ave chizvarwa kwete chete mumoyo yevanhu vepedyo, asiwo zvakanyorwa. Nekudaro, kazhinji, hazvigoneke kusarudza kutorwa: kana paine zvirambidzo pamafomu ehurongwa hwemhuri. Nekudaro, kana vabereki chaivo vemwana vasina kutorerwa kodzero dzevabereki, asi vakaganhurirwa mavari, ipapo nzira mbiri chete dzekuronga dzinogona kuitika kumwana: kuchengetedzwa (kuchengetedzwa) kana mhuri yekurera.
Kusarudza pakati penzira yakabhadharwa uye isingabhadharwe yekuchengeta, mhuri zhinji dzakapfuma dzinosarudza iyo yechipiri sarudzo - ivo vanoti, sei tichifanira kuwana mubairo wekurera mwana, isu tichaisimudza mahara. Zvichakadaro, iri diki (3-5 zviuru zvemabhuru pamwedzi, zvinoenderana nedunhu) mari inogona kushandiswa kugadzira yako wega mari yemwana - mushure mezvose, hapana munhu anokutadzisa kuvhura dhipoziti yepamusoro muzita rako wadhi, uye vanogadzira yakanaka mari yekuuya kwake kwezera: yemuchato, chikoro, mota yekutanga, nezvimwe.
Kuchengeta kana kuchengeta mwana? Sarudzo inogara ichisiyiwa kune avo vakuru vanoita sarudzo ine mutoro yekugamuchira mwana ane dambudziko rakaoma mumhuri yavo. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti sarudzo iyi inofanira kuitwa muzita remwana uye mukudzivirira zvido zvake.
Ndezvipi zvimwe zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvekuchengetwa uye kuchengetwa kwevanochengeta vana-Appendikisi 1
Ndiani anogona kuve muchengeti uye chii chinonzi SPD?
Mubvunzo uri mumusoro weichi chikamu unogona kupindurwa muchidimbu: "chero munhu mukuru anokwanisa mugari weRussian Federation". Kana zvisiri zvevamwe "kunze".
Saka, usati watora zvinyorwa zvekunyoresa kuchengetwa, ita shuwa kuti hau:
1) vakatorerwa kodzero dzavo dzevabereki.
2) yairambidzwa mune avo kodzero dzevabereki.
3) yakamiswa kuita mabasa emuchengeti (trustee).
4) vaive mubereki wekurera, uye kurerwa kwacho kwakabviswa nekuda kwekukanganisa kwako.
5) kuve neakakosha kana yakasarudzika nhoroondo yekupara mhosva dzakakomba kana dzakakomba mhosva.
6) * kuve kana kuve neyakaitika mhosva, kana kuve kana kutongerwa mhosva dzemhosva dzeupenyu nehutano, rusununguko, kukudzwa nekuremekedzwa kwemunhu (kunze kwekuiswa zvisiri pamutemo muchipatara chepfungwa, kuchera nekutuka ), kusagadzikana pabonde uye rusununguko pabonde rwemunhu, pamwe nemhosva dzakanangana nemhuri nevechidiki, hutano hweveruzhinji uye hunhu hweveruzhinji uye chengetedzo yeruzhinji (* - chinhu ichi chinogona kufuratirwa kana kutongwa kwematsotsi kwakagumiswa nezvikonzero zvekugadzirisa).
7) wakaroorwa nemunhu wepabonde rako wega, wakanyoreswa mune chero nyika uko roorano yakadaro inobvumidzwa, kana vasina kuroora munhu webonde, kuve mugari weiyo nyika yakatarwa.
8) anotambura nekugara uchinwa doro kana kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka
9) haugone kushandisa kodzero dzako dzevabereki nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehutano **.
10) kugara pamwe chete nevanhu vanotambura nezvirwere zvinokanganisa vamwe ***.
** - rondedzero yezvirwere izvi inogona kuwanikwa muAppendikisi 2
*** - rondedzero yezvirwere izvi inogona kuwanikwa muwedzero 2
Imwe pfungwa yakakosha isina chidimbu "kwete": mugari anozviti muchengeti wepamusoro anofanirwa kupfuudza zvepfungwa, dzidziso nekudzidzisa zviri pamutemo - ave negwaro reChikoro cheVabereki Vemakoko (SPR).
Chii chinodzidziswa muSPD chinopa mukuwedzera kune chitupa chinochiva? Zvikoro zvevagari vevabereki vanozvimisikidza mabasa mazhinji, rekutanga riri rekubatsira vanokwikwidza kuvatariri mukumisikidza kugadzirira kwavo kugamuchira mwana kuti arere, mukunzwisisa matambudziko chaiwo nematambudziko avachasangana nawo mukumumutsa. Uye zvakare, iyo SPD inozivisa uye inogadzira hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa uye hwekurera hunodiwa kuvagari, kusanganisira kuchengetedza kodzero uye hutano hwemwana, kumuitira nzvimbo yakachengeteka kwaari, kushamwaridzana kwakabudirira, dzidzo nekusimudzira kwemwana.
Nekudaro, iwe hauzodikanwa kuti udzidze kuSPR kana iwe (zvinoenderana neChinyorwa 146 cheKodhi Yemhuri yeRussian Federation):
- iwe uri kana wanga uri mubereki wekurera, uye kurerwa maererano newe hakuna kumbomiswa.
- iwe uri kana wanga uri muchengeti (trastii), uye hauna kubviswa mukuitwa kwemabasa awapihwa iwe
- hama yepedyo yemwana ****.
**** - verenga nezve mabhenefiti ehama dzepedyo muwedzero 3
Dzidzo paChikoro cheVabereki Vabereki iri vakasunungukazvemari. Izvi zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa nechengetedzo uye zvekuchengetedza zviremera zvemunharaunda yako, ivo zvakare vachaburitsa kuendesa kune iyo SPR. Munguva yekufamba kwechirongwa, icho, nenzira, chinofanira kubvumidzwa neBazi reDzidzo neSainzi, iwe unogona kupihwa kuti uongororwe zvepfungwa - ndapota cherekedza - nemvumo yako. Mhedzisiro yetsvagurudzo iyi ndeyeyeyekukurudzira hunhu uye inoonekwa kana uchigadza muchengeti pamwe chete ne:
- yetsika uye humwe hunhu hwemuchengeti;
- kugona kwemuchengeti kuita mabasa avo;
- hukama pakati pemuchengeti nemwana;
- maitiro enhengo dzemhuri yemuchengeti kumwana;
- maitiro emwana kune tarisiro yedzidzo mumhuri yakatarwa (kana izvi zvichikwanisika nekuda kwezera rake nehungwaru).
- chishuwo chemwana chekuona mumwe munhu semuchengeti wavo.
- degree rehukama (tete / vazukuru, ambuya / muzukuru, mukoma / hanzvadzi, nezvimwewo), chivakwa (muroora / vamwene), yaimbova pfuma (vaimbova amai vokurera / vaimbova mukwasha), nezvimwe.
References:
"Anti-Opekunskie" uye zvirwere zvine njodzi-Appendikisi 2
Bhenefiti yehama-Appendikisi 3
Kuunganidza magwaro
Wakave nechokwadi here kuti hapana kana kunze kana mamiriro akataurwa muchitsauko chakapfuura achikutadzisa kuve muchengeti? Zvino zvinoramba zvichiratidzira izvi kune vekuchengeta nekuchengeta zviremera nekuvapa iwo ruzivo nezve iwe pachako.
Kana iwe uchida kuwana chengetedzo nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona (uye vabereki vazhinji vanogamuchira vanoda izvi), zviri nani kuti usamirira kusvikira nyanzvi mune zvekuchengeta nekuchengeta vachizokumbira ruzivo kubva ku Ministry of Internal Affairs, Bazi rezvemitemo, zvekurapa nevamwe masangano. Kutanga kuita wega: unogona kuunganidza zvinyorwa zvakafanana ne kudzidziswa muSPR. Mafomu anodiwa anogona kuwanikwa kubva kune nyanzvi dzekuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa, kana iwe unogona kuzvipirinda iwe pachako *.
* - tsvaga sampuro magwaro muwedzero 4
Iko hakuna akawanda magwaro anokuparadzanisa iwe kubva kumhedziso yechengetedzo uye yekuchengeta masimba nezve mukana wekuve muchengeti. Mumwe mubvunzo ndewekuti zvimwe "zvidimbu zvebepa" zvinopihwa nemakumi emaawa emitsetse mumasangano akasiyana. Naizvozvo, kuchengetedza nguva uye tsinga, zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuti unzwisise kuti ndeapi magwaro anofanirwa kutanga agadziriswa.
Nekudaro, kana uchiunganidza magwaro, zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera zvinotevera kuraira:
1. Chirevo chekurapa. Iyi poindi inoda yakawanda kwazvo tsananguro. Kutanga, kuongororwa kwechiremba kwevangangodaro vachengeti kuri vakasunungukazvemari. Kana paine chero ehutano masangano eguta rako asingabvumirani neizvi, unogona kutaura zvakachengetedzeka kuhurongwa hweHurumende Yezvehutano yeRussian Federation No. .332 / u-10, iyo yaunofanirwa kuunganidza zvisimbiso gumi nemaviri nezvidhindo. Pakazara, inopa mhedzisiro yevasere vanachiremba - chiremba wezvekurapa, chiremba wepfungwa, dermatovenerologist, oncologist, neurologist, chirwere chinotapukira nyanzvi, murapi - pamwe siginecha yemusoro chiremba wepolyclinic panzvimbo yako kunyoresa. Semutemo, vese vanachiremba vanosangana nepakati, uye vanoisa yavo "isina kuwanikwa" nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona. Panguva imwecheteyo, semune chero hupfumi, zviitiko zvinogoneka. Nekudaro, mune mamwe maguta, kusangana nachiremba wezvechiremba wezvechiremba uye chiremba wepfungwa hakubvumidzwe kudzamara kwapfuura fluorography. Uye pasina zvitambi zveava mazvikokota, nyanzvi yezvirwere zvinotapukira inoramba kutaura newe, mhedzisiro yacho inofanira kumirira kusvika kumavhiki maviri. Nezve izvi zvese, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza avo vakatopasa bvunzo dzekurapa mudunhu rako. Uye ronga yakakwana nguva uye zvine musoro "cheni".
2. Chitupa chinobva kuInformation Center ye Ministry of Internal Affairs (nezve kusavapo kwenyaya yematsotsi, nezvimwewo). Mapurisa ane mvumo yekuburitsa gwaro iri mukati memwedzi, asi zvakare, sekutonga, vanoshanda nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kana mutarisiri wemunguva yemberi achikumbira - kunyanya kana iwe wakanyoreswa mune imwe nyaya yeRussian Federation hupenyu hwako hwese.
3. Chitupa chemari kwemwedzi gumi nemaviri. Pano zvakanyanya zvinoenderana neakaundendi panzvimbo yebasa rako, uye vezvemari, sezvamunoziva, vanotsauka uye vakatarisa vanhu. Ivo vanogona zvakare kunonoka kuburitswa kweye 2-NDFL chirevo, kana rondedzero yekota isingatenderi iwe kuti ukanganisike nezvakadaro zvinyengeri. Naizvozvo, zvirinani kukumbira gwaro pamberi. Kana iwe usina mari (mumwe chete mukadzi anoshanda), ipapo wega wega mutero wemurume / mukadzi unoshandawo. Kana chero rimwe gwaro rinosimbisa iyo mari (semuenzaniso, chirevo chebhangi chekufamba kweakaundi).
4. Gwaro kubva kumakambani ekushandisa-HOA / DEZ / CC-panzvimbo yekunyoresa. Kopi yeakaundi nhoroondo yezvemari kana rimwe gwaro rinosimbisa kodzero yekushandisa nzvimbo yekugara kana kodzero yekuve yako.
5. Chibvumirano chakanyorwa chevose vakuru vemhuri kuti vagamuchire mwana mumhuri (uchifunga nezve maonero evana vanogara newe pamwe iwe vasvitsa makore gumi). Izvo zvakanyorwa mune yemahara fomu.
6. Autobiography. Izvo zvakajairwazve zvichaita: akazvarwa, akadzidza, basa, mibairo uye mazita.
7. Kopi yemuchato (kana wakaroora).
8. Kopi yegwaro repenjeni (SNILS).
9. Chitupa chekupedza kudzidziswauye (SPR).
10. Kunyorera kugadzwa semuchengeti.
Mune mamwe matunhu eRussia, pasuru yacho yose yemagwaro inogona kutumirwa kuburikidza neInternet uchishandisa "Unified Portal yePublic Services". Asi zviri nani, chokwadika, kutora magwaro acho pachako, uchitora newe pasipoti. Uye ziva avo nyanzvi dzevatariri uye masimba ekuchengeta, avo vanozokukorokotedza iwe pamusoro pekuwedzera kumhuri.
Ndokumbira utarise: zvachose zvinyorwa zvese, makopi avo uye rumwe ruzivo rwunodiwa pakusimbisa kuchengetwa kunopihwa vakasunungukazvemari. "Hupenyu hwesherufu" hwemagwaro akakosha (ndima 2-4) igore rimwe. Chirevo chekurapa chinoshanda kwemwedzi mitanhatu.
Mharidzo magwaro-Appendikisi 4
Nekudaro, yako pasuru yemagwaro-mune yekuchengetedza neyekuchengetedza zviremera
va. Asi kunyangwe magwaro ese ari akakwana, kuitira kuti uise pane rejista, gwaro rekupedzisira harina kukwana, iro nyanzvi dzichazviburitsa pachavo mushure mekushanya kumba kwako. Uku kushanya kunofanirwa kuitika mukati memazuva manomwe mushure mekutumirwa kwepakeji hombe remagwaro. Tiri kutaura nezve chiito chekutarisa mamiriro ekugara emugari uyo akataura chishuwo chekuva muchengeti.
Muchiitiko ichi, chinzvimbo chekuchengeta nekutarisira chinoongorora ”mamiriro ehupenyu, hunhu uye zvinangwa zvemunhu anenge achinyorera, kugona kwake kurera mwana, hukama hwakavapo pakati penhengo dzemhuri.” Mukuita, zvinoita seizvi: nyanzvi dzinouya kuzokushanyira, uye, uchiongorora imba yacho, bvunza mimwe mibvunzo uye zadza fomu ravo, kwavanoita manotsi anodiwa. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekutsvagisa pamusoro penyanzvi kana, pane zvinopesana, kupinda mune poindi, kutsamwiswa nekukanganisa kwevokunze muhupenyu hwako hwepachivande. Ingo taura sezvazviri. Kana paine zvikanganiso zviri pachena (semuenzaniso, kushomeka kwenzvimbo yemakirasi, matoyi) - govana zvirongwa zvako kuti uchagadzirisa sei. Chokwadi chinogara chiri sarudzo yakanakisa.
Izvo zvinoitika kuti nyanzvi dzevanochengeta zviremera hadzigutsikane necheta vhidhiyo yenzvimbo yekugara inowira pamwana. Dzimwe nguva "kusimba" kuri kwekufungidzira: apo nhamba yevanhu vakanyoreswa mufurati inodarika huwandu hwevagari vemo vanogara. Zviri nyore kuratidza izvi nekupa mamwe magwaro anosimbisa kugara kwe "asipo" pane mamwe ma kero. Kana iwo mamita ari madiki chaizvo (iwo mashoma epo nzvimbo yekugara mudunhu rega rega nemaspala akasiyana, uye anowanzo wedzera), asi mamiriro emwana ari kugadzikana, saka hutarisiro uye masimba ekuchengeta anofanirwa kubva kuzvido zvemwana. Zvingave zvinobatsira kuyeuka mutemo waDecember wepurezidhendi "Pane mamwe matanho ekushandisa mutemo wenyika mukuchengetedza nherera nevana vakasiyiwa vasina hanya nevabereki". Inotaura nezve kudzikisira zvinodikanwa zveyakajairika nzvimbo yekugara kana uchiisa vana kwekurererwa mumhuri. Kana izvi zvikasabatsira - gwaro rinotenderwa ongororo rinogona kupikiswa mudare.
Chirevo chekuongorora chinoburitswa mukati memazuva matatu, mushure meizvozvo chinotenderwa nevakuru, ndokutumirwa kwauri - mukati memamwe mazuva matatu. Uye chete mushure meizvozvo, chekuchengeta uye chekuchengetedza chiremera chinosanganisa iro rese pasuru remagwaro uye rinopa pfungwa pane mukana wekuti mugari ave muchengeti. Izvi zvinogona kutora kusvika kumamwe mazuva gumi nemashanu. Kana paine sarudzo yakanaka, mhedzisiro iyi ichave hwaro hwekunyoreswa - kupinda mumagazini kunoitwa mukati memamwe mazuva matatu.
Mhedziso nezve mukana wekuve muchengeti igwaro rinoshanda kwemakore maviri muRussia yese. Nezvo, iwe unogona kunyorera kune chero chekuchengetedza uye chekuchengeta masimba kana kune chero wedunhu mushandi weFederal Database nechikumbiro chekusarudzwa kwemwana. Pahwaro hwemhedziso imwecheteyo, masimba ekuchengeta uye ekuchengetedza panzvimbo yekugara kwemwana achaburitsa chiito pakusarudzwa kwako semuchengeti.
Kutsvaga mwana uye kunyoresa kuchengetwa
Isu takagara tichikuudza kuti ungawana sei "wako" mwana (kana kwete zvachose mwana). Kana iwe uchifunga kutora mwana mumhuri mudunhu rako - unogona kutsvaga zviri pamutemo, kuburikidza nedunhu mushandi weFederal database (FBD). Asi kana iwe wagadzirira kuenda kune mwana kanenge kuyambuka nyika, uye woitsvaga kwese kwese panguva imwe chete - iyi sarudzo haishande, nekuti haugone kunyorera kune wechipiri opareta kusvikira wekutanga azadzikisa yako chikumbiro. Uye zvakare, iko kutsvaga uchishandisa vashandisi vematunhu kwakagadzirwa zvekuti iwe unofanirwa kusarudza akati wandei parameter - zera remwana, ruvara rwemeso nebvudzi, kuvapo kwehama, nezvimwe.
Mukuita, vazhinji vanofara uye vanobudirira vabereki vokurera vakapedzisira vatora mumhuri yaive isiri iyo vana yavainge varonga kuwana. Zvese zvakagadziriswa nemufananidzo wekuona wemwana - kana vachinge vaona vhidhiyo kana pikicha, vabereki havana kuzogona kufunga nezve chero mumwe munhu, uye vakanganwa zvachose pamusoro pezvavanoda zvavaifungidzira. Saka vana vane "vasingafarirwe" mavara emaziso nebvudzi, nemaruva ezvirwere, pamwe nehama nehanzvadzi vakaenda kumhuri. Mushure mezvose, moyo haunzwisise parameter yeFBD.
Iwe haugone chete kuona, asiwo kunzwa izwi remwana wako asati azvarwa muzasi kweiyo vhidhiyo kanket "Chinja hupenyu humwe" - hombe muRussia. Muvhidhiyo ipfupi, iwe uchaona kuti mwana anotamba sei, anofamba sei, chii chaanogona kuita uye kunzwa izvo zvaanorarama uye zviroto nezvazvo.
Mushure mekuwanikwa kwemwana, unosungirwa kuti uzive iye uye ugadzire kuonana, uye zvakare uve nekodzero yekuziva zvinyorwa kubva mufaira remwana uye kudzidza chirevo chekurapa nezvehutano hwake. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kutumira kunyorera kune akakodzera matunhu opareta uye zadza fomu. Iwe unozopihwa ruzivo nezve mwana mukati memazuva gumi. Uye kana iwe wagadzirira kuenda kumberi-iyo nzira yekuzivana.
Ngatitii zvakazoguma zvakanaka: iwe wakashanyira mwana kanoverengeka, pamwe kutomukumbira kufamba zvishoma, uye ukasimbisa iyo "contact" yakataurwa munzira. Ipapo chinhu chakanyanya kukosha chinosara: kuburitsa gwaro rekugadzwa kwemuchengeti.
Ichi chiito - tarisiro! - yakapihwa nekuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa masimba kunzvimbo inogara mwana. Kana chikoro chebhodhingi kana nherera uko mwana akarererwa ari kure, edza kuronga nehunyanzvi kuti ivo vanoedza kutambira chikumbiro uye voburitsa chiitiko muzuva rimwe-zvikasadaro uchafanirwa kuenda kunzvimbo iri kure kaviri. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mushure mekugamuchira chikumbiro chako, chinzvimbo chekuchengeta nekuchengetedza chinoda kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvinodya nguva: kukumbira ruzivo kubva kunzvimbo iyo mwana ari kurererwa, pamwe nekubata kanzuru yekuchengetedza. Semutemo, izvi zvinotora mamwe mazuva maviri.
Kana zvese zvikafamba mushe, unenge wakokwa kunhengo
kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwekuwana chiito uye chitupa chemuchengeti, uye chinzvimbo chichagadzirira mwana nemagwaro ake.
Kugadzirira hupenyu hutsva
Nekudaro, isu tinogona kukukorokotedza iwe: iwe wakapihwa chitupa chemuchengeti, uye mwana anosiya chikoro chebhodhingi oenda kumhuri!
Pamwe chete nemwana, iwe unozopihwa akati wandei makirogiramu emagwaro kubva kune yake faira *. Usamhanye kuzviisa mumafolda: kumba unongova nechikamu chemagwaro acho: nyaya yemudzidzi (kana iripo) ichaenda kuchikoro, uye vamwe vese vanoenda kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza uye yekuchengeta masimba panzvimbo yaunogara (kunyoresa), kwauchiri kunyoresa.
* - runyorwa rwezvinyorwa zvemwana runogona kuwanikwa muwedzero 5
Ikoko iwe zvakare unyore chikumbiro chekubhadharwa kweimwe-nguva mvumo (nhasi iri pakati pe12.4 kusvika 17.5 zviuru zveRubles, zvinoenderana nedunhu) uye, kana uchida, fomu rekugadzwa kwemhuri yekurera. Mushure mekunyoresa, uchafanirwa kuita zvimwe zviito - sekuvhura account yazvino muzita remwana (kugamuchira Savings Book), kunyoresa mwana kwenguva pfupi kwaunogara, kunyorera kubvisirwa mutero , nezvimwewo Nyanzvi dzevatariri uye vatariri vekutarisira vachakuudza nezve izvi zvese. Uye ivo vanofanirwa zvakare kukupa iwe yekuraira-mvumo yekushandisa iyo mari inoendeswa pamwedzi pamwedzi yekuchengeta mwana.
Kana mwana ari wezera rechikoro - iwe unozofanira zvakare kumunyoresa kuchikoro (zviri nani kutarisira izvi pamberi), uye mumusanganise mune ezvinyorwa zvakasarudzika zvemazororo ezhizha. Kana iwe uchironga kuenda kunze kwenyika-chengetedza wekutora pasipoti yekunze kune mudiki. Kana mwana wako aine mari, mutamise aende kunobatsira mubhengi rakavimbika.
Kuchave nematambudziko mazhinji, asi mazhinji acho anonakidza. Mushure mezvose, uku ndiko kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwekuchengeta mwana uye kuchengetedza zvaanofarira newe, watove semumiriri wake wepamutemo.
Zvinyorwa kubva kune yega faira yemwana-Appendikisi 5
Kugadzira mhuri yekurera
Kana iwe uchiri kusarudza kuita yepamutemo mhuri yekurera, saka unofanirwa kudzoka kune nyanzvi dzekuchengetedzwa uye kwekuchengetedzwa kwechiremera zvakare, uye gadzira chibvumirano chakakodzera. Chibvumirano chinogumiswa mukati memazuva gumi kubva pazuva rawakagadzwa semuchengeti uye rinofanirwa kupa:
1. ruzivo nezve mwana kana vana vanoendeswa kunzvimbo yekuchengetwa (zita, zera, mamiriro ehutano, kukura kwemuviri nepfungwa);
2. nguva yechibvumirano (kureva nguva iyo mwana anoiswa mumhuri yekurera);
3. mamiriro ekuchengetedza, kurera uye dzidzo yemwana kana yevana;
4. kodzero uye zvisungo zvevabereki vasiri vavo;
5. kodzero uye zvisungo zvine chekuita nevabereki vekurera vevane chekuchengeta uye chekuchengetedza;
6. zvikonzero uye mhedzisiro yekumiswa kwechibvumirano chakadai.
Pakangosainwa kondirakiti, yekuchengeta isingabhadharwe inoshanduka kuita yekuchengetwa. Uye ikozvino, kwete gwaro remuchengeti, asi kuraira kwekuumba mhuri yekurera ichave iro gwaro guru rinoti iwe ndiwe mumiriri wemutemo wemwana.
Muhofisi yechengetedzo uye yekuchengetedza masimba, uchafanirwa kunyora chimwe chikumbiro-chekubhadhara muripo wemwedzi. Semutemo, zvakaenzana nehukuru hwemubhadharo mudiki mudunhu. Kana zvataurwa muchibvumirano, unogona zvakare kubhadharwa mari kubva pamubhadharo wepfuma yemwana, asi kwete inopfuura 5% yemari panguva yekuburitsa panguva iyo mubereki wekurera aibata nzvimbo iyi.
Chibvumirano chinogona kupedzwa zvese maererano nemwana mumwe uye nekuremekedza vana vakati wandei. Ndokumbira utarise kuti kana paine shanduko mukunyoresa kunzvimbo yemwana yekugara, chibvumirano chinogumiswa uye nyowani inopedzwa.
Mukugadzirira kwechinhu chakashandiswa dhata yemari "Mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika-epamutemo ekuiswa kwevana vakasiyiwa vasina hanya nevabereki kudzidzo yemhuri" (Mhuri GV, Golovanov AI, Zueva NL, Zaitseva NG), yakagadzirirwa nerubatsiro rweMinistry yedzidzo nesainzi yeRussian Federation uye iyo Center yekuvandudza yemagariro mapurojekiti uye uchifunga nezve Federal mutemo se yaGumiguru 1, 2013.