spleen yemunhu

Muviri wemunhu uzere nezvakavanzika. Imwe yacho imbeu.

Kufanana nenhengo dzese dzisina kubatana, spleen, zvine musoro, inofanira kunge yakanyatso "vanzwa" mumuviri kuseri kwemasumbu nemapfupa. Asi chaizvoizvo, iri pedyo zvikuru nechepamusoro uye naizvozvo kukuvara nyore nyore. Chibereko hachina mabasa akasiyana asingakwanisi kuitwa nedzimwe nhengo. Hongu, uye munhu anogona kurarama pasina iyo (zvechokwadi, nekuchinja kwehupenyu). Asi panguva imwecheteyo, spleen ichiripo nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero mune zvese vertebrates. Uye muChina, inodaidzwa neruremekedzo - "amai vechipiri vemuviri."

spleen ndeyei, ingarwadza here, uye inorapwa sei? Tinopindura iyi nemimwe mibvunzo nayo mukwikwidzi wesainzi yekurapa, chiremba mukuru wechikamu chepamusoro ane hunyanzvi hwegastroenterology uye cardiology Yulia Esipenko.

Chii chakakosha kuziva nezve spleen yemunhu

Ko spleen yemunhu iripi

Iyo spleen iri kuruboshwe kumusoro kwechikamu chedumbu, zvishoma kuseri kwedumbu, pamwero we9-11 mbabvu. Ndiko kuti, kana ichirwadza pamusoro pemucheto wezasi wembabvu kuruboshwe, iyi inogona kunge iri spleen kuti iite inonzwa.

Tichitarisa nzvimbo yenhengo, spleen iri pakati pedumbu, kuruboshwe itsvo uye colon.

Ko spleen yemunhu yakaita sei uye inoshanda sei?

Kunze, spleen yemunhu inotaridzika sebhinzi yakatsetseka: chimiro cheoval chakareba, chepepuru muruvara (sezvazvinofanira kunge chiri chehematopoietic organ). Iyo spleen ndeyenhengo dzeparenchymal: ndiko kuti, hapana mhango mukati (senge, semuenzaniso, mudumbu), uye iyo inoshanda tishu inonzi parenchyma. Inotaridzika sesiponji, uye maitiro ese emuviri anoitika mairi.

Iyo "pulp" yespleen ine chena uye tsvuku pulp. Yekutanga inoburitsa masero eB, ayo anogadzira masoja ekudzivirira, uye T masero, anoona nekuparadza masero ane maantigen ekunze. Tsvuku dzvuku inodiwa pakuvandudzwa kweropa (inoparadza erythrocyte yekare uye isina kukwana, inobatanidzwa mukugadziriswa kwesimbi), uye inobvisa mabhakitiriya anokuvadza nerubatsiro rwemacrophages uye granulocytes.⁴inoshanda sechigadziro cheleukocytes uye maplatelet. Sechidziviso, spleen ine rinenge girazi reropa, iro rinobudiswa mu general circulatory system kana richidikanwa.

Kune miviri miviri yespleen: diaphragmatic uye visceral. Pamusoro pekupedzisira kune masuwo espleen - rudzi rwechiteshi. Iyo splenic artery inopfuura nepasuwo, kubva panopinda ropa munhengo, uye splenic vein inobuda. Inounganidza ropa kubva kuspleen, mudumbu, pancreas, uye yakakura omentum, yozobatana ne mesenteric tsinga kugadzira portal vein. Kubva pano, ropa rine zvinhu zvakaora rinopinda muchiropa kuti rive detoxification, chaizvoizvo, kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira.

Sei mboro yemunhu ichirwadza

Nhengo iyi ine magumo etsinga (nekuda kwekuti munhu anogona kunzwa kurwadziwa) ari mu capsule. Nokudaro, spleen inogona kukuvadza chete nekuwedzera kwehuwandu, uyezve, nokukurumidza⁵. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda.

Kurwadziwa kwepanyama kunogona kuoneka, semuenzaniso, panguva kana mushure mekumhanya. Nekuda kwekuremerwa, huwandu hweropa hunowedzera zvakanyanya, spleen inotambanudzwa, uye izvi zvisingafadzi manzwiro anoonekwa muruboshwe hypochondrium, inozivikanwa kune vakawanda (rangarirai zvishoma zvidzidzo zvemuviri). Muvakadzi vane pamuviri, spleen, pamwe chete nedzimwe nhengo dzemimba, "inodzvinyirirwa" nechibereko mumatanho ekupedzisira, izvo zvinogonawo kukonzera marwadzo.

Kazhinji spleen inoratidzika mumhedziso yevanyanzvi vezvokurapa: nhengo inowanzokuvadzwa panguva yekurwa uye zviito zvechisimba. Uye kunyangwe spleen iri kuseri kwembabvu, iri padyo nepamusoro, saka inogona kukuvadzwa kwete chete nechombo, asi nekungoita chibhakera kana kunyangwe ichidonha.

Pane zvakawanda pathological zvikonzero marwadzo ari spleen nzvimbo. Izvo zvinoratidzirwa kwete chete nemarwadzo, asiwo nezvimwe zviratidzo. Ngatitaure nezvavo.

Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti munhu ane spleen imwe chete. Asi kune zviitiko zvisina kujairika zvekukura kwetishu: kunze, zvinoita sekuwedzera "mini-spleens". Vanodanwa musainzi - accessory spleens.³. Dambudziko nderokuti kunyange pasinei nekukura kwavo kuduku (kazhinji kusvika 2 cm), vanogona kudzvinyirira mitsipa yeropa, zvichikanganisa hutano.

Kubviswa kwembeu

Kazhinji spleen haifambe nekuda kwemarunda akaibata. Asi dzimwe nguva, semuenzaniso, mushure mekuita pamuviri kwakawanda kana kuwedzera kwenhengo, iyo ligamentous apparatus inopera simba, uye spleen inogona kuchinja uye kunyange kumonyoroka. Volvulus ye spleen ndiyo inonyanya kutyisa mutsauko wekutamisa, nekuti inogona kutungamira kune thrombosis kana kunyange necrosis yematishu enhengo (necrosis).

Munhu ane spleen akadzingwa anonzwa kurwadziwa nekuda kwekukakavadzana kwemarunda uye kukanganisa kwekutenderera kweropa.

Thrombosis ye splenic vein

Kutarisana nekumashure kwepancreatic kana zvirwere zvinotapukira, mushure mekukuvara, dambudziko rakadaro se thrombosis ye splenic vein inogona kukura. Asi dzimwe nguva ropa rinoputika mu lumen yemutsinga inoumba ivo pachavo, pasina matambudziko apfuura.

Nekuvhara kwakakwana kwemudziyo weropa, kubuda kweropa kubva kune spleen kunomira, nhengo inowedzera muhukuru.

Chimiro chechirwere ndechokuti pakutanga chinopfuurira pasina kuonekwa nemunhu. Gare gare, kune marwadzo uye manzwiro ekurema murutivi rworuboshwe, dzimwe nguva kupisa kwakanyanya kunokwira. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekuzvimba inozviratidza nayo. Dzimwe nguva pane hemorrhagic syndrome: nosebleeds, kurutsa neropa.

Pazviratidzo zvekutanga, unofanira kubvunza chiremba: ungada kumisa kubuda ropa kuitira kuti udzivise matambudziko.

Spleen infarction

Chirwere ichi chinosanganiswa nekuputsika kweropa: kana kwenguva yakareba ropa risingafambi zvakanaka mune imwe kana imwe nzvimbo, zvishoma nezvishoma rinofa. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti matavi e-splenic artery haabatanidzi kune mumwe nemumwe uye haagoni kubatsira kugadzirisa kubuda kweropa muchiitiko che "kukundikana".

Infarction yespleen inogona kuratidza:

• marwadzo ari kuruboshwe hypochondrium, inopenya kupfudzi roruboshwe (kuwedzerwa ne inhalation);
• chills, subfebrile fever⁶.

Maererano nezviratidzo, splenic infarction inogona kuvhiringidzika neacute pancreatitis kana pyelonephritis. Asi mune dzimwe nguva, chirwere chemwoyo chinogona kusazviratidza.

Neoplasms

A cyst igomba risina kujairika mubende rinogona kuberekwa kana kuwanikwa (somuenzaniso, mushure mekushungurudzika kana hutachiona hwehutachiona). Panogona kuva neoplasms akawanda munhengo imwe. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusaoneka kwenguva yakareba kusvika cyst (kana cysts) yawedzera saizi. Marwadzo acho ari pakati nepakati. Pakati pezvimwe zviratidzo: kuremerwa mu hypochondrium yoruboshwe, kushaya simba, kusagadzikana kwekuita weti, kuchinja kwechigaro.

Kana pasina matambudziko, uye cyst pachayo haina kukura nokukurumidza, saka kazhinji hapana kurapwa kunodiwa - asi inofanira kuongororwa nguva dzose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zvingasarudzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogoneka, kusvika pakubviswa.

Mamwe maoplasms zvakare anosiyaniswa: bhenen (somuenzaniso, hemangiomas, lipomas) uye yakaipa.

Kuneta, kuora mwoyo kusina chikonzero, kurwadziwa uye kuremerwa murutivi rworuboshwe, kurasikirwa kwechido uye kamwe-kamwe kuora kurasikirwa - zviratidzo izvi zvinofanira kubhadharwa uye pakarepo bvunza chiremba.

Kusuruvara

Gomba rakazara urwa rinoita mukati mebende. Kazhinji, abscess inokura sechinetso chechimwe chirwere. Chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri hutachiona, kushungurudzika (apo hematoma inotanga kupera), kana spleen infarction. Mukuwedzera kumarwadzo, zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira fivha, kutonhora, uye kudikitira.

Mboro yemunhu inobatwa sei?

Kune chero shanduko yehutano, unofanirwa kubvunza chiremba. Kutanga, ona murapi. Chiremba achaongorora, kunyora miedzo uye zvimwe zvidzidzo, kana zvichidiwa, taura kune imwe nyanzvi yakamanikana. Kuongororwa kungada kuongororwa kwema laboratory, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, computed tomography.

Mushure mokunge chirwere chacho chasimbiswa, chiremba acharayira kurapwa. Conservative therapy, kutanga kwezvose, inopa rugare uye kutonhora munharaunda yekuruboshwe hypochondrium. Zvimwe zvacho zvinoenderana nechirwere.

gadziriro

Kushandiswa kwemishonga kunoreva kurapa kwekuchengetedza. Mishonga inorayirwa chete nachiremba uye chete maererano nezviratidzo.

Semuenzaniso, neabscess yakaonekwa, yakakura-spectrum antibacterial mishonga inorayirwa kuwedzera kune nzira dzekuvhiya dzekurapa.

Splenopexy

Kana spleen ichibviswa pasina matambudziko (nenzira yemavanga kana necrosis), kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa kubatanidza nhengo kune diaphragm. Kutaura zvazviri, spleen inoiswa sutured kuitira kuti irege kufamba-famba pamimba yedumbu kudzivirira njodzi yekukona.

Kubata zvakare

Kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa kana kuvhiyiwa kuchidiwa muchikamu chepamusoro kana chepasi chepleen, uye panguva imwechete zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza nhengo. Chikamu chepleen chinogona kubviswa, semuenzaniso, neine benign bundu.

Splenectomy

Iri izita rekuvhiya kubvisa spleen. Zviratidzo zveizvi zvinogona kuva zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvisizvo (somuenzaniso, kutama kwenhengo yakatsamwisa volvulus uye necrosis).

Zvinokwanisika kurarama pasina spleen: mabasa makuru enhengo "anoparadzanisa" chiropa uye lymph nodes pakati pavo. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, njodzi yekubata zvirwere zvine ngozi, zvakadai semeningococcus uye pneumococcus, inowedzera. Nokudaro, vanhu vakabviswa spleen nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero vanokurudzirwa kuti vabayerwe zvirwere zvakawanda, kusanganisira furuwenza.⁴.

Kumwe Kurapa KweSpleen

Zvichienderana nechiratidzo, kurapwa kwakasiyana kunogona kudiwa.

Abscesses uye mamwe cysts angada percutaneous drainage. Kuburikidza negomba duku, chiremba anoisa chubhu yemvura munhengo, iyo iyo zviri mukati megomba inobviswa uye inorapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Kana gomarara rikaonekwa, chiremba anogona kuraira chemotherapy uye/kana kurapwa nemwaranzi. Asi chete mumatanho ekutanga. Nhanho 3 uye 4 ye oncology inosanganisira chete kubviswa kwespleen.

Nzira yekuchengetedza spleen yako kumba

Kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvespleen kunosanganisira mazano ekutanga ekuchengetedza hutano. Uku ndiko kudya kwakadzikama nemiriwo yakawanda, miriwo uye majiroji, mararamiro anoshingaira, kusavapo kwemaitiro akaipa. Asi pane mimwe mitemo yaunofanira kutevedzera kana usingadi kuenda kuna chiremba.

• Kurovedza muviri zvine musoro. Inobatsira kufamba, nokuti nenzira iyi unogona kudzivisa kumira mumuviri. Asi zvakakosha kutevera mitemo yekuchengetedza - yeuka kuti spleen ine ngozi, zviri nyore kuikuvadza.
• Zvipfeko zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye ukuru. Iyo spleen inogona kuita zvakanyanya kune hypothermia, asi izvi zvinogona kudziviswa nekupfeka zvipfeko zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze mukutonhora nemhepo. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvipfeko zvinofanira kuva muhukuru, kwete zvakanyanya: mabhanhire nemabhanhire zvinogona kukanganisa kupararira kweropa.
• Ngatitaure nezve detox. Iyo spleen inonzwa zvakanaka kana ukanwa mvura yakachena yakakwana zuva rega rega (iyo mvura, kwete tii, kofi kana muto). Izvo zvakakoshawo kutarisisa kuumbwa kwechikafu chaunodya (yakasiyana E-Necks inofanira kuchengetwa kune shoma). Uye usashandise zvinodhaka zvinodhaka: chero "chemistry" inokanganisa mamiriro epleen nemidziyo yayo.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Nzira yekuziva sei matambudziko ekutanga nespleen, uye mimwe mibvunzo yakakurumbira inopindurwa mumiriri wesainzi yekurapa, chiremba mukuru wechikamu chepamusoro ane hunyanzvi mune gastroenterology uye cardiology Yuliya Esipenko.

Zvitubu zve:

1. Mamiriro uye kushanda kwespleen. Reina E. Mebius, Georg Kraal // Zvisikwa zvinoongorora immunology. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/nri1669
2. Kuzivikanwa kweSplenic Reservoir Monocytes uye Kuendeswa Kwavo kune Inflammatory Sites. Filip K. Swirski, Matthias Nahrendorf, Martin Etzrodt, vamwe // Sayenzi. 2009. 325(5940). 612–616. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803111/
3. Accessory spleen kutevedzera rudyi-sided retroperitoneal bundu. TA Britvin, NA Korsakova, DV Undercut // Bulletin yekuvhiya. 2017. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dobavochnaya-selezyonka-imitiruyuschaya-pravostoronnyuyu-zabryushinnuyu-opuhol/viewer
4. Pfupiso yeSpleen. Harry S. Jacob // MSD Manual. URL: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/hematology-and-oncology/spleen-disorders/overview-of-the-spleen
5. Kurwadziwa kwemudumbu: kusiyanisa kuongororwa, nzira dzekurapa dzinogona kuitika. HE. Minushkin // RMJ. 2002. Nhamba 15. URL: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/gastroenterologiya/Abdominalynaya_boly_differencialynaya_diagnostika_vozmoghnye_lechebnye_podhody/
6. Kuvhiyiwa kwezvirwere zvespleen. Rubatsiro rwekudzidzisa. AV Bolshov, V.Ya. Khryshchanovich // BSMU Minsk. 2015. URL: http://rep.bsmu.by/bitstream/handle/BSMU/7986/366534-%D0%B1%D1%80..pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y