IE Repin
Pakati pevanyori vanoonekwa zvakakodzera kuva pakati peboka raTolstoy uye vakava vateveri vedzidziso dzake, pamwe chete nezvinomera, akakurumbira pasina mubvunzo ndiIlya Efimovich Repin (1844-1930).
Tolstoy akakoshesa Repin semunhu uye muimbi, kwete zvishoma nekuda kwehunhu hwake uye kusaziva kwake. Pana July 21, 1891, akanyorera vose vari vaviri NN Ge (baba nomwanakomana) kuti: “Repin munhu akanaka ane unyanzvi, asi mbishi chose chose, asina kubatwa, uye haambofi akamuka.”
Repin aiwanzozivikanwa nechido semutsigiri wemararamiro emuriwo. Kumwe kureurura kwakadaro kunowanwa mutsamba yaakanyorera I. Perper, muparidzi weVegetarian Review, nguva pfupi Tolstoy afa.
"MuAstapovo, apo Lev Nikolayevich akanzwa zviri nani uye akapiwa girazi reoatmeal neyolk yekusimbisa, ndaida kudanidzira kubva pano: Kwete! Kwete izvozvo! Mupe muto wemuriwo unonaka wakarungwa (kana uswa hwakanaka nevhavha). Ndizvo zvichadzosa simba rake! Ini ndinofungidzira kuti vanoremekedzwa zviremera zvemushonga vaizonyemwerera sei, vachangobva kuteerera kumurwere kwehafu yeawa uye vachivimba nekukosha kwekudya kwemazai ...
Uye ini ndinofara kupemberera honeymoon yezvinovaka muviri uye zvinonaka zvemiriwo broths. Ndinonzwa kuti muto unobatsira wemishonga unozorodza, unonatsa ropa uye une simba rekuporesa pavascular sclerosis yakatotanga zvakajeka. Pazera remakore makumi matanhatu nemanomwe, nekubudirira uye chido chekudya zvakanyanya, ndakatoona zvirwere zvakakomba, kudzvinyirirwa, kuremerwa, uye kunyanya kumwe kusava nechinhu mudumbu (kunyanya mushure menyama). Uye paakanyanya kudya, ainyanya kufa nenzara mukati. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kusiya nyama - yakava nani. Ndakachinja kuita mazai, butter, cheeses, cereals. Kwete: Ndafuta, handichagoni kubvisa shangu dzangu patsoka dzangu; mabhatani haatombobata mafuta aunganidzirwa: zvakaoma kushanda… Uye zvino vanachiremba Laman naPasco (zvinoita sekuti vanobva kumasahwira) – ava ndivo vaponesi vangu uye vanovheneka. NB Severova akavadzidza uye akataura dzidziso dzavo kwandiri.
Mazai anokandwa kunze (nyama yatosara). — Salads! Zvinofadza sei! Hupenyu hwakadini (nemafuta emuorivhi!). Muto wakagadzirwa kubva muuswa, kubva kumidzi, kubva mumiti - iyi ndiyo elixir yehupenyu. Zvibereko, waini tsvuku, michero yakaomeswa, maorivhi, prunes… nzungu isimba. Zvinoita here kunyora zvese zveumbozha patafura yemuriwo? Asi herb broths zvimwe zvinonakidza. Mwanakomana wangu Yuri naNB Severova vanonzwa manzwiro mamwe chete. Kuguta kuzere kwemaawa mapfumbamwe, haunzwe kuda kudya kana kunwa, zvese zvaderedzwa - unogona kufema wakasununguka.
Ndinoyeuka ma60s: chido chezvimedu zvenyama yaLiebig (mapuroteni, mapuroteni), uye pazera remakore makumi matatu nemasere akanga atova murume akwegura asina simba uye akanga asisina chido chehupenyu.
Ndinofara sei kuti ndinogona kushanda zvakare nomufaro uye marokwe angu ose neshangu zvakasununguka pandiri. Mafuta, mapundu anobuda pamusoro petsandanyama dzakazvimba, aenda; muviri wangu wakavandudzwa uye ndakawedzera kutsungirira mukufamba, ndakasimba mune zvekurovedza muviri uye zvakanyanya kubudirira mune art - kufefeterwa zvakare. Ilya Repin.
Repin akasangana naTolstoy kare muna Gumiguru 7, 1880, paakamushanyira mune imwe atelier muBolshoy Trubny Lane muMoscow. Zvadaro, ushamwari hwepedyo hwakatanga pakati pavo; Repin aigara kuYasnaya Polyana kazhinji, uye dzimwe nguva kwenguva yakareba; akasika iyo yakakurumbira "Repin series" yemifananidzo uye mifananidzo yaTolstoy, uye chikamu chemhuri yake. Muna January 1882, Repin akapenda mufananidzo waTatyana L. Tolstaya muMoscow, muna April wegore iroro akashanyira Tolstoy ikoko; Kubvumbi 1, 1885 Tolstoy mutsamba inorumbidza mufananidzo waRepin "Ivan Anotyisa uye Mwanakomana Wake" - ongororo iyo, zviri pachena, yakafadza Repin zvikuru. Uye mamwe mapendi naRepin anomutsa rumbidzo kubva kuna Tolstoy. January 4, 1887 Repin, pamwe chete naGarshin, aripo muMoscow panguva yekuverengwa kwemutambo "Simba reRima". Kushanya kwekutanga kwaRepin kuYasnaya Polyana kunoitika kubva Nyamavhuvhu 9 kusvika 16, 1887. Kubva Nyamavhuvhu 13 kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 15, anopenda mapikicha maviri emunyori: "Tolstoy padhesiki rake" (nhasi muYasnaya Polyana) uye "Tolstoy ari muchigaro chemaoko aine bhuku muruoko rwake” (nhasi muTretyakov Gallery). Tolstoy anonyorera PI Biryukov kuti panguva ino akakwanisa kuonga Repin zvakanyanya. MunaGunyana, Repin pendi, zvichibva pamifananidzo yakagadzirwa muYasnaya Polyana, iyo pendi "LN Tolstoy panzvimbo inorimika. Muna Gumiguru, Tolstoy akarumbidza Repin pamberi peNN Ge: "Paive naRepin, akapenda mufananidzo wakanaka. <…> munhu mupenyu, ari kukura. Muna February 1888, Tolstoy akanyorera Repin nechikumbiro chekunyora mifananidzo mitatu yemabhuku ekurwisana nekudhakwa, yakabudiswa nePosrednik publishing house.
Kubva munaChikumi 29 kusvika Chikunguru 16, 1891, Repin aive zvakare muYasnaya Polyana. Anopenda mifananidzo "Tolstoy muhofisi pasi pemakona" uye "Tolstoy asina shangu musango", uyezve, anofanidza kuputika kweTolstoy. Panguva ino, pakati paChikunguru 12 na19, Tolstoy akanyora chinyorwa chekutanga cheDanho Rokutanga. Musi waChikunguru 20, anozivisa II Gorbunov-Posadov kuti: "Munguva iyi ndakaremerwa nevashanyi - Repin, nenzira, asi ndakaedza kusatambisa mazuva, ayo mashoma, uye ndakaenderera mberi nebasa, uye ndakanyora mugwaro. nyaya yacho yose inotaura nezvekusadya miriwo, kukara, kurega. Pana July 21, tsamba kuGe vaviri inoti: “Repin anga anesu nguva yose iyi, akandikumbira kuti ndiuye <…>. Repin akanyora kubva kwandiri mukamuri uye muyard uye achiveza. <…> Kuputika kwaRepin kwapera uye kuumbwa uye kwakanaka <…>.
Musi waGunyana 12, mutsamba kuna NN Ge-son, Tolstoy anoratidza kushamisika:
"Kupusa kwakadii Repin. Anonyora tsamba kuna Tanya [Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya], umo iye anozvisunungura amene nokushingaira papesvedzero yakanaka paari yokuva nesu.” Chokwadi, Repin, uyo pasina mubvunzo aiziva kuti Tolstoy akanga achishanda paNzvimbo Yokutanga, akanyorera Tatyana Lvovna musi waAugust 9, 1891 kuti: “Ndiri munhu asingadyi miriwo nemafaro, ndinoshanda, asi handisati ndamboshanda zvinobudirira zvakadaro.” Uye kare pana August 20, imwe tsamba inoti: “Ndaifanira kusiya mirimo. Zvisikwa hazvidi kuziva hunhu hwedu. Mushure mekunge ndakunyorerai, usiku ndakava nekudedera kwakadaro zvokuti mangwanani akatevera ndakasarudza kuraira steak - uye yakabva. Iye zvino ndinodya nguva nenguva. Chokwadi, pano zvakaoma: mhepo yakashata, majarini panzvimbo yebhota, nezvimwewo. Aa, kudai taigona kutamira kune imwe nzvimbo [kubva kuSt. Petersburg]! Asi handisati.” Dzinenge tsamba dzose dzaRepin panguva iyoyo dzakatumirwa kuna Tatyana Lvovna. Anofara kuti achava nebasa redhipatimendi remifananidzo rePosrednik publishing house.
Kuchinja kwaRepin kumararamiro ezvinomera kwenguva yakareba kuchave kufamba zvinoenderana ne "nhanho mbiri kumberi - imwe kumashure" chirongwa: "Unoziva, zvinosuruvarisa, ndakasvika pamhedziso yekupedzisira kuti handigone kuvapo pasina chikafu chenyama. Kana ndichida kuva noutano hwakanaka, ndinofanira kudya nyama; pasina izvozvo, maitiro ekufa zvino anobva angotanga kwandiri, sezvawandiona pamusangano wako wekuda. Handina kutenda kwenguva refu; uye nenzira iyi uye kuti ndakazviedza uye ndinoona kuti hazvigoneki neimwe nzira. Hongu, kazhinji, chiKristu hachina kukodzera munhu mupenyu.
Ukama naTolstoy mumakore iwayo hwakaramba huri pedyo. Tolstoy akapa Repin chirongwa chekunyora pendi "Recruiting Recruits"; Repin anonyorera Tolstoy nezvekubudirira kwemutambo weThe Fruits of Enlightenment nevanhu: “Vanachiremba, masayendisiti nevese vakangwara vanonyanya kuchema-chema vachipikisa zita <...> Asi vateereri ... vanonakidzwa nemitambo yemitambo, vanoseka kusvika wadonha uye watsungirira. zvakawanda zvinovaka pamusoro pehupenyu hweguta. " Kubva February 21 kusvika February 24, 1892, Repin akanga achishanyira Tolstoy muBegichevka.
Musi waApril 4, Repin anouya zvakare kuYasnaya Polyana, uye zvakare muna Ndira 5, 1893, paanopenda mufananidzo waTolstoy mune watercolor yemagazini yeSever. Kubva muna Ndira 5 kusvika 7, Repin zvakare muYasnaya Polyana, anobvunza Tolstoy nezverangano. Tolstoy anonyorera Chertkov kuti: “Chimwe chezvinonyanya kufadza zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi waiva musangano naRepin.”
Uye Repin akayemura chinyorwa chaTolstoy Chii chinonzi art? Musi wa9 Zvita wegore iroro, Repin nemuvezi Paolo Trubetskoy vakashanyira Tolstoy.
Kubvumbi 1, 1901 Repin inotora imwe watercolor yeTolstoy. Haana kufara zvachose kuti Repin ari zvakare kupenda mufananidzo wake, asi haadi kumuramba.
Muna May 1891, pamukuru wePeter naPaul Fortress muSt. Mune memoirs yake, NB Severova akatsanangura musangano wekutanga uyu, uye akautumidza kuti "Musangano Wokutanga". Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1863, pane estate yeTalashkino, yePrincess MK Tenisheva, mutsigiri wehunyanzvi, mumwe musangano pakati peNordman naRepin unoitika. Nordman, mushure mekufa kwaamai vake, anowana nzvimbo muKuokkala kuchamhembe-kumadokero kweSt. pakati pavo paiva studio yemuimbi (yeRepin). Akapiwa zita rokuti "Penates". Muna 1914, Repin akagara ikoko zvachose.
Kubva 1900, kubva pamuchato waRepin naNB Nordman-Severova, kushanya kwake kuTolstoy kwave kushoma uye kushoma. Asi kudya kwake miriwo kuchave kwakaoma. Repin akataura izvi muna 1912 munyaya yake ye "album" yeTashkent canteen "Toothless Nutrition", iyo yakabudiswa mumagazini Vegetarian Review ye1910-1912. muzvikamu zvakawanda; panguva imwe cheteyo, zvimwe zvipupuriro zvinodzokororwa, makore maviri apfuura, nokukurumidza pashure porufu rwaTolstoy, zvakabatanidzwa mutsamba kuna I. Perper (ona pamusoro, p. yy):
“Panguva ipi zvayo ndakagadzirira kutenda Mwari kuti pakupedzisira ndave munhu anodya miriwo. Debut yangu yokutanga yakanga yakapoteredza 1892; yakagara makore maviri - ndakakundikana uye ndakafenda pasi pekutyisidzirwa kwekuneta. Yechipiri yakatora makore 2 1/2, mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, uye yakamiswa pakusimbirira kwachiremba, uyo akarambidza shamwari yangu [kureva ENB Nordman] kuti ive yezvinomera: "nyama inofanirwa" kudyisa mapapu ane chirwere. Ndakarega kuenda kune vegetarian "kukambani", uye, nokuda kwekutya kuonda, ndakaedza kudya zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye kunyanya cheeses, zviyo; akatanga kukora kusvika pakuremerwa - zvaikuvadza: chikafu katatu, nendiro dzinopisa.
Nguva yechitatu ndiyo inonyanya kuziva uye inonakidza, nekuda kwekuenzanisa. Mazai (chikafu chinokuvadza zvikuru) anoraswa, cheeses anobviswa. Midzi, miriwo, miriwo, michero, nzungu. Kunyanya soups nemabroths akagadzirwa nesora nemamwe makwenzi nemidzi zvinopa hutano hunoshamisa uye hune simba nzira yehupenyu nekuita ... Asi zvakare ndiri mumamiriro ekurarama akakosha: shamwari yangu ine tarenda rehungwaru uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinonaka zvisingaite kubva kune zvakanyanya. marara eumambo hwemuriwo. Vese vaenzi vangu vanoyemura kudya kwangu kwemanheru nekuyemura uye havatendi kuti tafura haina kuuraya uye kuti yakachipa.
Ndinozadza nemwero miviri-yekudya yekudya pa1 pm kwezuva rose; uye chete pahafu yapfuura 8 ndine snack inotonhora: lettuce, maorivhi, howa, michero, uye kazhinji, kuti pane zvishoma. Mwero mufaro wemuviri.
Ndinonzwa sendisati ndamboita; uye zvinonyanya kukosha, ndakarasikirwa nemafuta ose akawedzerwa, uye zvipfeko zvose zvakave zvakasununguka, asi zvisati zvave zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya; uye ndaive nenguva yakaoma kupfeka shangu dzangu. Akadya kakapetwa katatu ndiro dzinopisa dzakawanda dzemarudzi ose uye ainzwa nzara nguva dzose; uye mangwanani kusava nechinhu chinoshungurudza mudumbu. Tsvo dzakashanda zvisina kunaka kubva kune mhiripiri yandakanga ndajaira, ndakatanga kurema uye kuderera zvinooneka pazera re65 kubva kune yakawandisa kudya.
Zvino, ndinoonga Mwari, ndareruka uye, kunyanya mangwanani, ndinonzwa kutsva uye kufara mukati. Uye ndine chido chemwana - kana kuti, wechidiki: Ndinodya zvinhu zvose nekunakidzwa, kungorega kudarika. Ilya Repin.
Muna August 1905, Repin nemudzimai wake vakaenda kuItaly. MuKrakow, anopenda mufananidzo wake, uye muItaly, muguta reFasano pamusoro peLago di Garda, pamateru pamberi pebindu - imwe mufananidzo - anoonekwa semufananidzo wakanakisisa waNatalya Borisovna.
Kubva 21 kusvika 29 Gunyana vese vari kugara kuYasnaya Polyana; Repin anopenda mufananidzo waTolstoy naSofya Andreevna. Nordman-Severova makore matatu gare gare achapa tsanangudzo yakajeka yemazuva ano. Ichokwadi, hazvirevi kuti Repin haana kudya nyama kwemakore maviri nehafu, asi zvino anozviita dzimwe nguva, nokuti vanachiremba vakarayira nyama kuna Natalya Borisovna, kana zvisina kudaro anonzi anotyisidzirwa nekudyiwa. Pana Chikunguru 10, 1908, tsamba yakazaruka yakabudiswa, umo Repin akaratidzira mubatanidzwa wake nemanifesto yaTolstoy pamusoro pechirango chorufu: “Handigoni kunyarara.”
Kushanya kwekupedzisira kwaRepin naNB Nordman kuYasnaya Polyana kwakaitika musi waDecember 17 uye 18, 1908. Uyu musangano unotorwawo mune tsanangudzo inooneka yakapiwa naNordman. Pazuva rekubva, mufananidzo wekupedzisira wakabatana waTolstoy naRepin unotorwa.
Muna January 1911, Repin akanyora memoirs ake pamusoro Tolstoy. Kubva munaKurume kusvika munaJune, iye, pamwe naNordman, vari kuItaly pashoo yepasirese, uko horo yakakosha inopihwa kumifananidzo yake.
Kubva munaNovember 1911, Repin ave ari nhengo yepamutemo yeboka revanopepeta veVegetarian Review, acharamba akadaro kutozosvikira pakuvharwa kwemagazini muna May 1915. Muchinyorwa chaJanuary 1912, anobudisa zvinyorwa zvake pamusoro peMoscow yazvino uye itsva yayo. imba yekudyira yemuriwo inonzi "Moscow Vegetarian Dining Room":
“Krisimisi isati yasvika, ndainyanya kufarira Moscow, kwandakasvika kugadza Chiratidziro chedu che40th Traveling Exhibition. Ave akanaka sei! Chiedza chikuru sei madekwana! Uye kuwanda kwakadini kwedzimba dzakaisvonaka itsva chose dzakura; Hongu, zvese zviri muchimiro chitsva! - Uye zvakare, zvivakwa zvine hunyanzvi ... Mamiziyamu, makiosks ematiramu ... Uye, kunyanya manheru, zvitima izvi zvinonyunguduka zvine ruzha, kurira, kupenya - zvichikuputira nemoto unopofumadza magetsi - matramu! Mafambisiro azvinoita migwagwa, yatozara nekupopota - kunyanya Kisimusi isati yasvika ... Uye, kusvibisa zvakakomba - mahoro anopenya, ngoro, kunyanya paLubyanka Square, zvinokuendesa kumwe kuEurope. Kunyangwe vekare veMuscovites vachigunun'una. Muzvindori izvi zvesimbi nyoka-rails vanotoona zvipoko zvekuparara kusingapokwe kwenyika, nekuti Antikristu atogara pasi pano uye anoramba achiibatanidza nengetani dzegehena ... Mushure mezvose, zvinoda kudedera: pamberi pe iyo Spassky Gates, pamberi peSt. Basil Vakaropafadzwa uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoyera dzeMoscow, vanosvibisa zuva rose neusiku hwose - apo vose "vasina maturo" vatove vakarara, vanomhanyira (pano zvakare!) Nedhimoni ravo. moto ... Nguva dzekupedzisira! …
Munhu wose anozviona, munhu wose anozviziva; uye chinangwa changu ndechekutsanangura mutsamba iyi chimwe chinhu chisingazivikanwe nemunhu wese, kunyangwe maMuscovites. Uye izvi hazvisi zvinhu zvechinangwa chekunze zvinosimbisa maziso chete, zvakakanganiswa nerunako; Ndinoda kukuudza pamusoro petafura inonaka, inogutsa, yezvinomera yakandidyisa vhiki rose, canteen yezvinomera, muGazetny Lane.
Pakungoyeukwa kweichi chivanze chakanaka, chinopenya, chine masuwo maviri ekupinda nawo, pamapapiro maviri, ndinokweverwa kuti ndiende ikoko zvakare, kuti ndivhenganise nemutsara unopfuurira wevanoenda ikoko uye kudzoka kumwe chete, vakatoguta uye vachifara, kunyanya vechidiki, vese varume nevakadzi, vazhinji vevadzidzi - vadzidzi veRussia - inoremekedzwa, inonyanya kukosha nharaunda yenyika yedu yemadzibaba <…>.
Kurongeka kweimba yekudyira ndeyemuenzaniso; muimba yekupfekedza yepamberi, hapana chakanzi chibhadharwe. Uye izvi zvine chirevo chakakomba, tichifunga nezvekuwanda kwevadzidzi vasina kukwana pano. Kukwira masitepisi ane mapapiro maviri kubva pamusuwo, kurudyi uye kuruboshwe, kona huru yechivako inogarwa nemakamuri anofara, akajeka akaiswa nematafura akaiswa. Madziro emakamuri ese akaturikwa nemifananidzo yemifananidzo yaLeo Tolstoy, ehukuru hwakasiyana uye mukutendeuka kwakasiyana uye kumisa. Uye pamagumo emakamuri, kurudyi - muimba yekuverengera kune mufananidzo mukuru wehupenyu waLeo Tolstoy pabhiza regrey, dappled richitasva nemusango reYasnaya Polyana mu autumn (mufananidzo waYu. I. Igumnova ) Makamuri ose akaiswa nematafura akafukidzwa neakachena uye akakwana zvakakwana kushumira kwekucheka kunodiwa uye mabhasikiti, ane marudzi akasiyana-siyana echingwa, emhando yakakosha, inofadza uye inogutsa, iyo inobikwa muMoscow chete.
Kusarudzwa kwezvokudya zvakakwana zvakakwana, asi ichi hachisi chinhu chikuru; uye chokwadi chokuti chikafu, pasinei nokuti chii chaunotora, chinonaka, chitsva, chinovaka muviri zvokuti chinoputsa rurimi pasina: sei, ichi chikafu chinonaka! Uye saka, zuva rega rega, vhiki rese, pandakanga ndichigara muMoscow, ini ndatove nekunakidzwa kwakakosha kushuvira kune iyi imba yekudyira isingaenzaniswi. Kurumidza bhizinesi uye kutadza kuronga kuratidzwa kuMuseum kwakandimanikidza kuti ndive muCanteen yeVegetarian pamaawa akasiyana; uye mumaawa ose ekusvika kwangu, imba yokudyira yakanga yakangozara, yakapenya uye ichifara, uye ndiro dzayo dzakanga dzakasiyana-siyana - dzaive: imwe yakanga inonaka kupfuura imwe. <…> Uye chii kvass!
Zvinonakidza kuenzanisa tsanangudzo iyi nenyaya yeBenedikt Livshits pamusoro pekushanya kwaMayakovsky kune imwe canteen. (cf. s. yy). Repin, nenzira, anoshuma kuti asati abva kuMoscow akasangana naPI Biryukov muimba yekudyira: "Pazuva rekupedzisira chete uye ndatoenda, ndakasangana naPI Biryukov, uyo anotogara muimba imwe chete, imba yevadyi venhaka . Shakhovskaya. — Ndiudze, ndinobvunza, wakawanepi mubiki akanaka kudaro? Charm! - Hongu, tine mukadzi ari nyore, mukadzi wechiRussia anobika; paakauya kwataiva, akanga asingatombozivi kubika muriwo. Asi akakurumidza kujaira uye zvino (mushure mezvose, aida vabatsiri vazhinji nesu; Unoona kuti vangani vashanyi) anokurumidza kudzidza vabatsiri vake. Uye zvigadzirwa zvedu ndizvo zvakanakisa. Hongu, ndinozviona - chishamiso kuti yakachena uye inonaka sei. Ini handidyi kirimu yakasviba uye bhotela, asi netsaona zvigadzirwa izvi zvakapihwa kwandiri mundiro dzangu uye ini, sezvavanotaura, ndakananzva zvigunwe zvangu. Yakanyanya, inonaka uye yakanaka. Vaka imwe imba yekudyira muSt. Petersburg, hapana chakanaka - ndinomugutsikana. Sei, mari huru inodiwa ... Ini: Sei, ichi ndicho chinhu chakanaka chekuita. Chokwadi hapana ane mhanza yekubatsira here?.. Il. Repin. Zviripachena, pakanga pasina - chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvakakura kuRussian vegetarianism, kunyangwe panguva yekubudirira kwayo Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga isati yasvika, kwaive kushomeka kwevapfumi vatsigiri-philanthropists.
Mufananidzo weimba yekudyira wakafadza Repin muna Zvita 1911 wakadhindwa zvakare muVO (pamwe nepamusoro, ona ill. yy) Moscow Vegetarian Society, iyo gore rakapera yakashanyirwa nevanhu vanopfuura makumi matatu, pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu 30 yakaendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo. chivakwa chitsva muGazetny Lane. Tichifunga nezvekubudirira kweiyi canteen, nzanga inoronga kuvhura yechipiri yakachipa canteen yevanhu mukudonha, iyo pfungwa yaive yekufarira kunonoka LN Tolstoy. Uye Inzwi reMoscow rakabudisa nyaya yakadzama, kusanganisira kubvunzurudzwa neTreasurer weMoscow Military District uye chiziviso chokuti 1911 vanhu vanodya mu "grand canteen" zuva rega rega.
Kubva mumirangariro yemunyori KI Chukovsky, ane ushamwari naRepin, tinoziva kuti muenzi wacho akashanyirawo canteens yezvinomera muSt. Chukovsky, kunyanya kubva muna 1908, zvose muSt. Anotaura nezvekushanyira “kantini” kuseri kweKazan Cathedral: “Ikoko taifanira kumira mumutsetse kwenguva refu uye nokuda kwechingwa, uye nokuda kwendiro, uye nokuda kworumwe rudzi rwemakuponi emarata. Pea cutlets, cabbage, mbatatisi ndizvo zvainyanya chirauro mucanteen iyi yemuriwo. Kudya kwemanheru-mbiri kunodhura makumi matatu kopecks. Pakati pevadzidzi, mabharani, petty vakuru Ilya Efimovich akanzwa somunhu pachake.
Repin, mutsamba kushamwari, haaregi kutsigira zvirimwa. Saka, muna 1910, akanyengetedza DI Yavornitsky kuti asadya nyama, hove uye mazai. Zvinokuvadza kuvanhu. Musi waDecember 16, 1910, akanyorera VK Byalynitsky-Birulya kuti: "Nezvekudya kwangu, ndasvika pane zvakafanira (zvechokwadi, izvi hazvina kufanana nemunhu wese): Handina kumbobvira ndanzwa ndakasimba, mudiki uye ndinoshanda. Hezvino mishonga inouraya utachiona uye inodzoreredza !!!… Uye nyama - kunyangwe muto wenyama - muchetura kwandiri: Ndinotambura kwemazuva akati wandei pandinodya muguta mune imwe resitorendi ... Uye mito yangu yemishonga, maorivhi, nzungu uye saladi zvinondidzoreredza zvinoshamisa. speed.
Mushure mekufa kwaNordman musi waJune 30, 1914 muOrselin pedyo neLocarno, Repin akaenda kuSwitzerland. MuVegetarian Ongororo, akaburitsa nhoroondo yakadzama yemushakabvu wehupenyu hwake, nezvehunhu hwake, mabasa ake muKuokkala, basa rake rekunyora uye mavhiki ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake muOrselino. "Natalya Borisovna ndiye akanyanya kuomesa miriwo - kusvika pautsvene"; aidavira mukana wekuporesa ne "simba rezuva" riri mumuto wemazambiringa. “Pamusoro pekumusoro kubva kuLocarno kuenda kuOrselino, munzvimbo yedenga pamusoro peLake Maggiore, mune imwe nzvimbo yemakuva yekumaruwa, pamusoro pedzimba dzese dzakanakisa <…> pane avo vanodya miriwo. Anonzwa rwiyo rwouhwu umambo hwemiriwo yakasvibira kuMusiki. Uye maziso ake anotarisa pasi nenyemwerero inofadza mudenga rebhuruu, iro iye, akanaka sengirozi, akapfeka nguo yegirini, akarara mubhokisi, akafukidzwa nemaruva anoshamisa ekumaodzanyemba ... "
Testamende yeNB Nordman yakaburitswa muVegetarian Bulletin. Iyo "Penates" villa muKuokkale, yaive yake, yakasiirwa kuna IE Repin kwehupenyu hwose, uye mushure mekufa kwake yakaitirwa mudziyo we "IE Repin's house". Kuokkala kubva 1920 kusvika 1940 uyezve kubva 1941 kusvika kubatwa kweFinland kwaive munharaunda yeFinnish - asi kubvira 1944 nzvimbo iyi yave kunzi Repino. Muunganidzwa wakakura wemifananidzo yakaitwa naNB Nordman, mazana akati wandei emabasa eRussia ane mukurumbira pamwe nevapendi vekunze nevavezi aive akakosha. Zvose izvi zvakasiyirwa kune ramangwana reRepin Museum muMoscow. Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye shanduko yakadzivirira kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi, asi kune "Museum-estate yeIE Repin Penata" muRepino.
Iyo Prometheus Theatre muKuokkala, zvakare iri yeNB Nordman, pamwe nedzimba mbiri muOllila, dzakagadzirirwa zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa. Zvapupu mukugadzirira kwechido chaiva, pakati pevamwe, mutambi (uye muchindakadzi) LB Baryatinskaya-Yavorskaya uye muvezi Paolo Trubetskoy.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mumwe wezvapupu zvekupedzisira akafa, achiyeuka iyi nzvimbo yetsika yeRussia kubva paudiki - DS Likhachev: "Pamuganhu naOllila (zvino yava Solnechnoye) paiva neRepin Penates. Pedyo nePenat, KI Chukovsky akazvivakira imba yezhizha (IE Repin yakamubatsira mune izvi - zvose nemari uye mazano). Mune dzimwe nguva dzezhizha, Mayakovsky akararama, Meyerhold akauya, <...> Leonid Andreev, Chaliapin nevamwe vakawanda vakauya kuRepin. <...> Pamitambo yezvipo, vakaedza kushamisika nekushamisika <...> Asi pakanga panewo maitiro "akakomba". Repin akaverenga mamemoirs ake. Chukovsky akaverenga Crocodile. Mudzimai waRepin akatanga kushandisa mishonga yemakwenzi.”
Chukovsky ane chokwadi chekuti Repin, paakadzoka kubva kuSwitzerland, anonzi akataura kuti imwe hurongwa hwaizoramba huchitonga muPenates: "Chokutanga, Ilya Efimovich akabvisa hutongi hwezvinomera uye, maererano nezano revanachiremba, akatanga kudya nyama mukati. zvishoma." Hakushamisi kuti vanachiremba vakapa zano rakadaro, asi kuti hapana chisaririra chezvokudya zvinomera hachidaviriki. Mayakovsky akanyunyuta zvakare muzhizha ra1915 kuti akamanikidzwa kudya "mishonga yeRepin" muKuokkala ... David Burliuk naVasily Kamensky vanotaurawo nezvemamenu ezvinomera mugore rakatevera kufa kwaNordman. Burliuk anonyora nezveFebruary 18, 1915:
"<...> Munhu wese, achikurumidza naIlya Efimovich naTatyana Ilyinichnaya, vachitarisa kubva muhurukuro dzakatanga pakati pevanhu vachangozivana, vakasimuka vakananga kune mbiri yakaipa yevegetarian carousel. Ndakagara pasi ndikatanga kunyatsodzidza muchina uyu kubva padivi pemashini ayo, pamwe nezviri mukati mezvinhu.
Vanhu gumi nevatatu kana gumi nevana vakagara patafura hombe yeraundi. Pamberi pechimwe nechimwe paiva nechiridzwa chizere. Pakanga pasina vashandi, maererano neaesthetics yePenates, uye kudya kwese kwakange kwakagadzirirwa patafura duku yakapoteredza, iyo, senge carousel, yakareba kota, yakanga iri pakati peiyo huru. Tafura yeraundi yaigara vadyi uye yekucheka yakamira isina kupfakanyika, asi iyo paive pakamira ndiro (chete miriwo) yaive nemibato, uye mumwe nemumwe weavo vaivepo aigona kuitenderedza nekudhonza mubato, ndokuisa chero ipi zvayo. ndiro dziri pamberi pavo. .
Sezvo pakanga paine vanhu vazhinji, zvaisaita pasina zvekuda kuziva: Chukovsky anoda howa munyu, anobata pa "carousel", anokwevera howa kwaari, uye panguva ino maFuturists anoedza kuunza tabhu yakazara yesauerkraut, zvinonaka. yakasaswa cranberries uye lingonberries, pedyo navo.
Tafura yakakurumbira yakatenderera mu salon "Penates" inoratidzwa paflyleaf yebhuku rino.
Repin akapedza makore makumi matatu ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake muKuokkala, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive yeFinland. Chukovsky akakwanisa kushanyira Repin, ipapo atova nemakore makumi masere, musi waJanuary 21, 1925, uye panguva imwechete kuona imba yake yekare zvakare. Anoshuma kuti Repin sezviri pachena achiri kuzvipira kune pfungwa dzake dzekurerutsa: kubva munaJune kusvika Nyamavhuvhu anorara mudovecote. Chukovsky anobvunza mubvunzo wekuti "iye zvino muriwo here?" Hatina kuwana mhinduro mudhayari, asi chikamu chinotevera hachina kufarira pfungwa iyi: nguva pfupi yapfuura, mumwe chiremba, Dr. Sternberg, anonzi sachigaro wesangano reKuindzhi, akashanyira Repin, achiperekedzwa nemukadzi uye vakamukurudzira kuti aende kuSoviet Union - vakamuvimbisa mota, imba, 250 rubles yemuhoro ... Repin akaramba zvachose. Sechipo, vakamuunza - muna Ndira kubva kuSoviet Union - tswanda yemichero - peaches, tangerines, maranjisi, maapuro. Repin akaravira michero iyi, asi nekuda kwekuti iye, semwanasikana wake Vera, akapamba dumbu rake mukuita, akaona zvakakodzera kutarisa michero iyi kuBiochemical Institute muHelsinki. Aitya kuti vaida kumuisira muchetura...
Repin's vegetarianism, sezvinoratidzwa nemagwaro ataurwa pano, aive akavakirwa zvakanyanya pahutano, aive ne "hutsanana" kurudziro. Kuomarara kwaari, penchant yeSpartanism, kumuswededza pedyo naTolstoy. Muchinyorwa chechinyorwa chisina kupera pamusoro paTolstoy, Repin anorumbidza kuzvinyima kwaTolstoy: "Kufamba: mushure mekufamba-mamaira maviri nekukurumidza, adikitira, nekukasira kurasa chipfeko chake chakapfava, anomhanyira mudhamu rinotonhora rerwizi muYasnaya Polyana. Ndakapfeka ndisina kuzviomesa, sezvo madonhwe emvura akabata oxygen - muviri unofema nemapores.
Kubva pakupera kwema1870, Repin pachake akagara akarara nehwindo rakavhurika, pazano rechiremba wechidiki weMoscow, kunyange muchitonhora. Mukuwedzera, akanga akafanana naTolstoy, mushandi asinganeti. Akatora nguva yake yekushanda. Chukovsky anoshuma kuti kuwedzera kune atelier hombe, Repin aivewo nekamusangano kadiki, kwaaiwanzoenda. Pakati pa 1 na 2 o'clock kudya kwemasikati kwakapfava kwakaunzwa kwaari nepafafitera duku mumusuo: radish, karoti, apuro negirazi retii yaaida zvikuru. Kudai ndakanga ndaenda kuimba yokudyira, ndingadai ndagara ndakarasika maminitsi makumi maviri. Kuva wega kunochengetedza nguva nemari patafura yake yemuriwo kwakamboonekwa sekwakanakira naBenjamin Franklin ane makore 20 okukura. Asi Repin aifanira kusiya tsika iyi muna 16 nezano rechiremba, uye hwindo rakavharwa.
Mubvunzo wekuti sei pesvedzero yeNB Nordman paRepin yakaramba ine gakava kwenguva yakareba. I. Grabar muna 1964 akataura pfungwa yokuti simba raNordman rakanga risingabatsiri uye harina kumbokurudzira basa raRepin; muimbi wacho anonzi akazopedzisira aneta nekumuchengeta uye haana kunyanyonyanya kugumbuka paakafa muna 1914. Zvinoshamisa, maererano naGrabar, zvinoramba zviri chokwadi chekudzikira kwekutanga kwebasa raRepin:
“Mumakore ekuma900, kutaura kwake nezviito zvakatanga kutora hunhu hunoshamisa, hunenge hwomwana. Wese munhu anoyeuka kuda kwaRepin uswa uye nhema dzake dzeichi "chikafu chakanakisa kumunhu." <...> Akapa hunyoro hwake hwose, shungu dzake dzose kwete kukupenda, asi kuna Natalia Borisovna. <...> kubva kune asingatendi kuvapo kwaMwari, achinyomba rusaruro rwechitendero, iye zvishoma nezvishoma anoshanduka kuva munhu wechitendero. <...> Chii chakatangwa naNordman-Severova chakapedzwa mushure mekumukira kwevaRussia vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vakakomberedza Repin <...>. Mukusiyana nouyu mutongo, IS Zilberstein akanyora muna 1948 nezvemakore okutanga muKuokkala kuti: “Nguva ino yeupenyu hwaRepin ichiri kumirira muongorori wayo, uyo achasimbisa kukosha kwaNordman muupenyu nebasa raRepin. Asi kunyangwe iye zvino zvinogona kupokana kuti Repin haana kumbopenda kana kupendwa chero munhu kazhinji saNordman. Imba hombe yemifananidzo, yakagadzirwa naRepin kweanopfuura makore gumi nematatu ehupenyu hwavo pamwechete, inombundira akawanda emafuta emifananidzo uye mazana emifananidzo. Zvakaitika kuti chikamu chete chemifananidzo iyi uye mifananidzo yakaguma muU.SR, uye chikamu chacho chakanga chisinganyanyi kukosha.
Repin akachengeta akanakisa mapikicha aNordman uye zvikeche kubva kwaari muPenate kusvika makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Imba yekudyira yaigara yakaturika iyo mufananidzo waNordman, wakaitwa naRepin mumavhiki ekutanga ekuziva kwavo, panguva yekugara kwavo muTyrol muna 1900, uko Repin, pamwe naNatalya Borisovna, vakaenda mushure mekusangana muParis.
Mufananidzo uyu unoonekwa kurudyi rwemufananidzo wa1915, uko Repin akatorwa nevaenzi vake, pakati pavo VV Mayakovsky (cf. kavha yebhuku). Mayakovsky akabva anyora nhetembo yake "A Cloud in Pants" muKuokkala.
Uyezve, KI Chukovsky, uyo akanyatsocherechedza hupenyu hwaRepin naNordman kwemakore anoverengeka (kubvira 1906), anoona chiyero chemavara maviri aya akasimba pane zvakanaka. Nordman, anodaro, akaunza kurongeka kuupenyu hwaRepin (zvikurukuru, nokuganhurira kushanya ku“maChitatu ane mukurumbira”); kubvira muna 1901 akatanga kuunganidza mabhuku ose ebasa rake. Uye Repin pachake akabvuma kakawanda kuti aiva nechikwereti chimwe chekubudirira kwake kwakanakisa - kuumbwa kwe "State Council" (yakanyorwa 1901-1903) kuNB, inoshuma imwe dambudziko muwanano yavo muna Gumiguru 46 - Repin akabva ada kurambana.