“Ndichipfuura rimwe zuva muIntra [taundi riri paLago Maggiore] ndichipfuura nepanouraiwa, ndakaona mhuru ichiurawa. Mweya wangu wakazadzwa nekutya nekushatirwa zvekuti kubva panguva iyoyo ndakaramba kubatana nemhondi: kubva ipapo ndave mudyari.
Ndinokuvimbisa kuti unogona kuita zvachose pasina steaks uye kugocha, hana yangu yanyatsojeka ikozvino, sezvo kuuraya mhuka ihutsinye chaihwo. Ndiani akapa murume uyu kodzero? Vanhu vaizomira pakakwirira zvikuru kudai vakadzidza kuremekedza mhuka. Asi ivo vanofanira kuremekedzwa zvakakomba, kwete nenzira imwe cheteyo semitezo yesosaiti dzinodzivirira mhuka, dzimwe nguva vachidzidzivirira mumigwagwa uye kufarikanya kuravira kwenyama yadzo mumacanteens avo.
“Asi urikuparadzira, muchinda!”
— ndaizviita nokuzvidira. Ndanga ndichida kuverenga hurukuro pamusoro penyaya iyi. Pane zvakawanda zvakanaka zvekutaura. Uye zvingave zvakanaka kuhwina! Parizvino handisi kubatikana nebasa ripi neripi, asi kwenguva yakati zvino ndanga ndizere nepfungwa yechiyeuchidzo chevanhu chakavandudzwa nehukuru hwakanaka - kuremekedza zvisikwa.
— Chiyeuchidzo chokufananidzira?
- Ehe. Iyi ingave yechipiri yemabasa angu mazhinji, sezvo ini ndisingade zviratidzo, asi dzimwe nguva hazvidzivisike. Uye yechipiri mi fu inspirato dal vegetarianismo (yakafuridzirwa kwandiri nezvinomera): Ndakaitumidza kuti "Les mangeurs de cadavres" (Vadyi vezvitunha). Kune rimwe divi, mumwe murume akakasharara, akashata anoratidzwa zvakaora zvichidya zvakapfuura nomukicheni, uye nechepasi zvishoma, fisi richichera chitunha kuti ripedze nzara yacho. Mumwe anoita izvi kuti agutsikane nemhuka - uye anonzi murume; yechipiri inozviita kuchengetedza hupenyu hwayo, haiuraye, asi inoshandisa yakaora uye inonzi hyena.
Ndakaitawo chinyorwa, asi izvi, munoziva, ndezvevaya vari kutsvaga "kufanana".
Hurukuro iyi yakaitika muNervi pedyo neGenoa uye yakabudiswa muna 1909 muCorriere de la sera (Milan). Iine nyaya ye "tipping point", nezve "kuzvarwa patsva" kwemukati muhupenyu hwaTrubetskoy. Isu tinoziva zvakare kuti chiitiko chakafanana chakaitika muna 1899 kubva mundangariro dzemunun'una waTrubetskoy, Luigi, uyo anoshuma chiitiko chimwe chete nenzira yakadzama, kuitira kuti kuvhunduka kunoitika naTrubetskoy kuwedzere kujeka: shure kwezvose, chapupu kumhuka dzose dzekushandisa - sekushanda uye kuuraya mombe.
Muchinda Peter (Paolo) Petrovich Trubetskoy, akabva kumhuri yakakurumbira yeRussia, akanga apedza anenge hupenyu hwake hwose kuMadokero uye naizvozvo aingova neruzivo rwakashata rwemutauro wechiRussian - aitaura chiRussia nechirevo chakasimba. Akazvarwa muIntra muna 1866 uye akafa muna 1938 mutaundi reSuna, zvakare pamusoro peLago Maggiore. Sekureva kwemutsoropodzi wehunyanzvi hwekuItaly Rossana Bossaglia, aive hunhu hunoyemurika - achibva kuvakuru vekuRussia, achizvinyudza mutsika yeItaly yedunhu reLago maggiore uye aigara achishandisa pfungwa dzake dzehunhu nemararamiro ekudya miriwo. Pachikumbaridzo chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, akakokwa sapurofesa paMoscow Art Academy - "chifananidzo chitsva muRussia art. Zvechokwadi zvinhu zvose zvaiva zvitsva naye: kutanga nechitarisiko chake uye wemhuri yakakurumbira yemachinda Trubetskoy. "Kureba", "kutaridzika kwakanaka", nehunhu hwakanaka uye "kunaka kwakanaka", uye panguva imwecheteyo akasunungurwa uye ane mwero muimbi, akasununguka kubva mukuzvishongedza kwenyika, ane dzidzo yeEurope, akazvibvumira kuita zvepakutanga (zvakadai se: ramba uri mu studio yake yemhuka nemhuka uye kuva anodya miriwo <…>“.” Pasinei nehunyanzvi hwake hwekuMoscow, Trubetskoy ainyanya kushanda muParis: akafurirwa naRodin, uye akapenda mifananidzo yehupenyu hunoshamisa, kunyanya mubhuronzi - mifananidzo, zvidhori. , maumbirwo emhando uye mifananidzo yemhuka.
Chivezwa chake "Carrion Eaters" (Divoratori di cadaveri), yakagadzirwa mu1900, yakazopihwa naye kuLombard Society for the Protection of Animals, ndiyo yega yaakambopa zita. Anoratidza tafura ine ndiro yenguruve; mumwe murume agere patafura, achidya zvingwa. Pazasi pakanyorwa kuti: “Kupesana nemitemo yezvakasikwa” ( contro natura ); pedyo, fisi rinoenzanisirwa, iro rakamhanyira pachitunha chemunhu. Pazasi pechinyorwa: Zvinoenderana nemirairo yezvakasikwa (secondo natura) (ill. yy). Maererano naVF Bulgakov, munyori wekupedzisira weTolstoy, mubhuku rine memoirs uye nyaya pamusoro paTolstoy, muna 1921 kana 1922, Moscow Museum yeTolstoy, kuburikidza nekuyananisa kwaPI Biryukov, yakagamuchira sechipo zvidhori zviviri zvidhori zvepurasita zvinoratidza pfungwa yezvinomera: chimwe chezvidhori chairatidza hyena richimedza chamois yakafa, uye mumwe murume akafuta zvisingaite achiparadza nguruve yakagochwa yakarara mundiro - zviri pachena, aya aive ekutanga mifananidzo yezvivezwa zviviri zvikuru. Iwo ekupedzisira akaratidzwa kuMilan Autumn Salon ye1904, sezvingaverengwa muchinyorwa kubva kuCorriere della Sera ye29 Gumiguru. Ichi chivezwa chakapetwa kaviri, chinozivikanwawo seDivoratori di cadaveri, "chinoitirwa kusimudzira zvakananga zvitendero zvake zvemuriwo, izvo munyori agara ataura: nekudaro maitiro ari pachena kune anotyisa akazara mumufananidzo uye akasiyana nebasa raTrubetskoy."
Trubetskoy “akarererwa muchitendero chaamai vake, chiPurotesitendi,” akanyora kudaro shamwari yake Luigi Lupano muna 1954. “Rudzidziso, zvisinei, haruna kutongova chinetso kwaari, kunyange zvazvo takataura nezvarwo apo takasangana paCabianca; asi akanga ari murume wemutsa wakadzama uye aidavira zvikuru muupenyu; ruremekedzo rwake nokuda kwoupenyu rwakamutungamirira kumararamire ezvinomera, uwo wakanga usiri umwari hwakati sandara maari, asi simbiso yeshungu dzake nokuda kwechipenyu chiri chose. Zvivezwa zvakawanda zvaifanira kuita zvakanangana uye kugonesa veruzhinji nezvekudya kwezvinomera. Akandiyeuchidza kuti shamwari dzake Leo Tolstoy naBernard Shaw vaiva vanodya miriwo, uye akafadzwa kuti akakwanisa kunyengetedza mukuru Henry Ford kuti adye miriwo. Troubetzkoy akafananidzira Shaw muna 1927 uye Tolstoy kakawanda pakati pe1898 na1910.
Zvingangodaro kuti kushanya kwekutanga kwaTrubetskoy kuMoscow Tolstoy House muchirimo uye mumatsutso a1898, panguva yaakaona vegetarianism muPraxi, akagadzira nhanho yenguva iyoyo yakakosha muhupenyu hwaTrubetskoy, yaakasangana nayo muguta reIntra muna 1899. Kubva muna Kubvumbi 15 kusvika Kubvumbi 23, 1898, anoenzanisira bhaisikopo remunyori: “Manheru, Prince Trubetskoy, muvezi anogara, akaberekwa uye akakurira muItaly, akatishanyira. Munhu anoshamisa: ane tarenda risingawanzo, asi ari echinyakare zvachose. Haana chaakaverenga, haatomboziva Hondo neRugare, hapana kwaakadzidza, asina njere, asina hunhu uye akabatikana zvachose muhunyanzvi hwake. Mangwana Lev Nikolaevich achauya kuzoveza uye achadya nesu. Musi waDecember 9/10, Trubetskoy anoshanyira Tolstoys imwe nguva, pamwe chete naRepin. Musi waMay 5, 1899, mutsamba yaakanyorera Chertkov, Tolstoy anoreva Trubetskoy, achiruramisa kunonoka kupedzisa bhuku reKumuka kunokonzerwa nekushandurwa kutsva mugwaro: zviso maziso, saka kwandiri chinhu chikuru hupenyu hwemweya, hunoratidzwa mumifananidzo. . Uye zviitiko izvi hazvigone kugadziridzwa.
Anopfuura makore gumi gare gare, kutanga kwaKurume 1909, Trubetskoy akagadzira zvimwe zvivezwa zviviri zvemunyori - Tolstoy akatasva bhiza uye diki statuette. Kubva 29 kusvika 31 August Trubetskoy modhi a bust of Tolstoy. Kwenguva yekupedzisira anogara nemudzimai wake muYasnaya Polyana kubva May 29 kusvika June 12, 1910; anopenda mufananidzo waTolstoy mumafuta, anogadzira zvidhori zviviri mupenzura uye ari kuita chivezwa "Tolstoy pabhiza". Musi waJune 20, munyori zvakare anotaura pfungwa yokuti Trubetskoy ane tarenda.
Maererano naVF Bulgakov, uyo akataura naTrubetskoy panguva iyoyo, iyo yekupedzisira yaiva "vegan", uye yakaramba zvigadzirwa zvemukaka: "Sei tichida mukaka? Tiri vadiki zvekunwa mukaka here? asi vana voga ndivo vanomwa mukaka.
Apo Vegetarian Vestnik yokutanga yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1904, Trubetskoy akava muparidzi pamwe chete wemagazini kubva kumagazini yaFebruary, iyo yaakaramba iripo kusvika pakupedzisira (No. 5, May 1905).
Rudo runokosha rwaTrubetskoy rwemhuka rwaizivikanwa kuMadokero. Friedrich Jankowski, muuzivi hwake hwezvinomera (Philosophie des Vegetarismus, Berlin, 1912) muchitsauko chinoti "The Essence of the Artist and Nutrition" (Das Wesen des Kunstlers und der Ernahrung) anoshuma kuti Trubetskoy ndewezvakasikwa muunyanzvi hwake hwepasi uye kazhinji munhu, asi anogara asingadyi miriwo uye asina hanya nevaParisi, anoita ruzha mumigwagwa nemumaresitorendi nemapere ake akapingudzwa. “Kubudirira kwaTrubetskoy nokukudzwa kwaakawana,” akanyora kudaro P. muna 1988. Castagnoli, “zvinoumba kubatana nomukurumbira uyo munyori wemifananidzo akagamuchira nechisarudzo chake chakasimba chaitsigira kusadya miriwo uye norudo rwaaibata narwo mhuka pasi pake. kudzivirira. Imbwa, nondo, mabhiza, mapere, nzou pakati pezvinhu zvinofarirwa nenyanzvi” (ill. 8 yy).
Trubetskoy akanga asina zvishuvo zvekunyora. Asi chido chake chekusimudzira mararamiro ezvinomera chakanga chakakura zvokuti akazviratidzawo mumutambo wemitambo mitatu muchiItaly unonzi "Chiremba kubva kune imwe nyika" ("Il dottore di un altro planeta"). Imwe kopi yerugwaro urwu, iyo Trubetskoy akapa kumunun'una wake Luigi muna 1937, yakadhindwa kekutanga muna 1988. Muchiito chekutanga, musikana, uyo asati arasikirwa neruremekedzo kune zvisikwa zvake zvehama, izvo zvisingakwanisi. asi yakakanganiswa nemakongiresi, inoshora kuvhima. Muchiito chechipiri, aimbova musungwa anotaura nyaya yake ("Ecco la mia storia"). Makore makumi mashanu apfuura, aigara nomudzimai wake nevana vatatu: “Taiva nemhuka dzakawanda dzataiona semitezo yemhuri. Takadya zvibereko zvevhu nokuti taizviona semhosva yakaderera uye ine utsinye kuparira kuponda kukuru kwehama dzakapondwa zvakaipisisa, kuviga zvitunha zvavo mumatumbu edu uye kugutsa makaro akatsveyama uye akashata eruzhinji rwevanhu. Takaguta nemichero yepasi uye takafara.” Zvino rimwe zuva murondedzeri anova chapupu chekuti mumwe mutyairi wekombi anorova sei bhiza rake nenzira ine materu; anorikomba, mutyairi anotowedzera kurova nehasha, anotsvedza uye anorovera padombo akafa. Munyori anoda kumubatsira, uye mapurisa anomupomera mhosva yekuponda. Sezvauri kuona, zvakaitika muguta reIntra zvichiri kuoneka muchiitiko ichi.
Trubetskoy aiva nemakore anopfuura makumi matatu okuberekwa paakatora chikamu mumakwikwi echiyeuchidzo kuna Alexander III. Chirongwa chemakwikwi chinopa kuti mambo anoratidzwa akagara pachigaro. Trubetskoy haana kufarira izvi, uye, pamwe chete nemufananidzo unoenderana nechiziviso chemakwikwi, akapa imwe sketch inoratidza mambo akagara pabhiza. Ichi chechipiri chimiro chakafadza chirikadzi yatsar, uye nokudaro Trubetskoy akagamuchira odha ye150 rubles. Nekudaro, denderedzwa rekutonga harina kugutsikana nebasa rakapedzwa: zuva rekuvhurwa kwechiyeuchidzo (May 000) kumugadziri akaziviswa kunonoka zvekuti aisakwanisa kusvika kumhemberero nenguva.
Tsananguro yezviitiko izvi yakasiirwa kwatiri naNB Nordman mubhuku rake Intimate Pages. Chimwe chezvitsauko, chomusi waJune 17, 1909, chinonzi: “Tsamba kushamwari. Zuva pamusoro Trubetskoy. Izvi, anonyora KI Chukovsky, "mapeji anofadza". Nordman anotsanangura kuti iye naRepin vanosvika sei kuSt. Petersburg vonanga kuhotera uko Trubetskoy ari kugara, uye kuti havamuwane sei pakutanga. Panguva imwecheteyo, Nordman akasangana nemutambi Lidia Borisovna Yavorskaya-Baryatinsky (1871-1921), muvambi weNew Drama Theatre; Lidia Borisovna anonzwira tsitsi Trubetskoy. Akanyura! Uye zvakadaro chete. "Zvese, munhu wese anopesana naye zvakasimba." Pamwe chete naTrubetskoy, vese "vanobhururuka netram" kuti vaongorore chiyeuchidzo: "Chisikwa chinongoerekana chaitika, chine simba, chakaputirwa nekutsva kwebasa rakanaka !!" Mushure mekushanyira chiyeuchidzo, kudya kwemangwanani pahotera. Trubetskoy anoramba ari pano zvakare. Iye pakarepo, muchiRussia chake chisina kururama, nenzira yake yenguva dzose, anotanga miriwo:
“- Butler, ah! Butler!?
Dvoretsky anokotama neruremekedzo pamberi peTrubetskoy.
"Mufi abika pano?" Mumuto uyu? O! Mhino inonzwa… chitunha!
Tese takatarisana. Haiwa vaparidzi ivavo! Ivo, sezvidhori muEgypt pamabiko, vanotaura nekuyeuchidza nezve izvo munhu asingadi kufunga nezvazvo mumhando dzakajairwa dzehupenyu hwedu. Uye nei zviri pamusoro pezvitunha pakudya? Munhu wese akavhiringika. Havazivi zvokusarudza kubva pamepu.
Uye Lidia Borisovna, neuchenjeri hwemweya wechikadzi, pakarepo anotora rutivi rweTrubetskoy.
"Wanditapukira nedzidziso dzako, uye ndichaenda newe miriwo!"
Uye vanorayira pamwe chete. Uye Trubetskoy anoseka nekunyemwerera sekwemwana. Ari mumweya.
O! Handichakokwa kuzodya zvakare muParis. Ndaneta nemunhu wese nemharidzo yangu!! Zvino ndakasarudza kuudza munhu wose nezvezvinomera. Mutyairi ari kunditora, zvino ndava kwaari: Est – ce que vous mangez des cadavres? zvakanaka, yaenda, yaenda. <...> Munguva ichangopfuura, ndakaenda kunotenga fenicha - uye kamwe kamwe ndakatanga kuparidza ndikakanganwa chikonzero nei ndauya, uye muridzi wacho akakanganwa. Takataura nezvekudya kwemuriwo, takaenda kugadheni kwake, tikadya muchero. Iye zvino tave shamwari dzepamoyo, ndiye muteveri wangu ... Uye ndakavezawo bhiza remutengesi wemombe akapfuma kubva kuAmerica. Mutambo wekutanga wakanyarara. Uye pane yechipiri ndinobvunza - ndiudze, unofara here?
Ini, hongu!
– Une hana yakanaka here?
- Ndine? Hongu, asi chii, Zvakanaka, zvakatanga! …”
Gare gare, Repin anogadzirira shamwari yake Trubetskoy mabiko paresitorendi yeKontan. Kokero dzinenge mazana maviri dzakatumirwa, asi “muSt. Kwenguva yakareba vakanyarara pamusoro pake, "kusvikira Diaghilev akazounza zvinhu zvake uye akaunza vaRussia kwaari!" Repin muhoro isina munhu anoita kutaura kunofadza, uye anonongedzawo kushaikwa kwedzidzo kwaTrubetskoy, kwakasimwa nemaune uye nemaune. Trubetskoy akagadzira yakanakisa monument kuna Dante muItari. "Vakamubvunza - pamwe unoziva mutsara wese weDenga neGehena nemusoro? … Handisati ndamboverenga Dante muhupenyu hwangu!” Anodzidzisa sei vadzidzi vake, Repin anobvunza achidaro, “nekuti haatauri chiRussian zvakanaka. - Hongu, anodzidzisa chinhu chimwe chete - kana iwe, anoti, chivezwa - unofanira kunzwisisa panyoro uye pakaoma. - Ndizvo! Pakupfava uye pakaoma! Kudzama kwakadii mukutaura uku !!! avo. nyoro - tsandanyama, zvakaoma - bhonzo. Ani naani anonzwisisa izvi ane pfungwa yechimiro, asi kumuvezi ndizvo zvose.” Pachiratidziro cha20 muParis, vatongi vakabvumira Trubetskoy mubairo mukuru webasa rake. Iye inguva yezvivezwa…
Трубецкой, на французском я XNUMX, благодарит репина за Выступление – и При этом сразу же Пускает Вод Asi zvakadaro ndichataura kuti ndinoda, ndinonamata upenyu! Nekuda hupenyu uhu ndinoda kuti huremekedzwe. Nekuremekedza upenyu, mhuka hadzifaniri kuurayiwa sezvatiri kuita iye zvino. Tinouraya chete, nhamo! Asi ndinoti kwese uye kumunhu wese wandinosangana naye… Usauraya. Remekedza hupenyu! Uye kana iwe ukangodya zvitunha - unorangwa nezvirwere izvo [sic! — П.Б.] ndikupei zvitunha izvi. Ichi ndicho chirango chete chaungapiwa nemhuka dzevarombo. Все слушают насупившись. Кто любит проповеди? Мясные блюда становятся противны. “Oh! Ndinoda zvakasikwa, ndinoada kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho < ...> Uye hechino chiyeuchidzo changu chakapedzwa! Ndiri kufara nebasa rangu. Inongotaura zvandaida - simba nehupenyu! »
Kushevedzera kwaRepin "Bravo, bravo Trubetskoy!" yakataurwa nemapepanhau. Hunyanzvi hwechiyeuchidzo chaTrubetskoy chakaita pfungwa yakadzika paVV Rozanov zvakare; chivako ichi chakaita kuti ave "mufariri weTrubetskoy". SP Diaghilev muna 1901 kana 1902, muhofisi yevapepeti vemagazini Mir Iskusstva, akaratidza Rozanov dhizaini yechiyeuchidzo. Mushure mezvo, Rozanov akapa chinyorwa chinofadza kuna "Paolo Trubezkoi uye chivako chake kuna Alexander III": "pano, muchivako ichi, isu tose, vese veRus 'kubva muna 1881 kusvika 1894." Uyu muimbi Rozanov akawana "munhu ane tarenda zvakaipisisa", nyanzvi, yepakutanga uye isina ruzivo. Zvechokwadi, chinyorwa chaRozanov hachitauri rudo rwaTrubetskoy kune zvisikwa uye mararamiro ake ezvinomera.
Iyo monument pachayo yakatambura nhamo inosuruvarisa. Kwete chete mauto ekutonga kubva kumusangano waNicholas II haana kumufarira, asi zviremera zveSoviet zvakamuvigawo muna 1937, panguva yeStalinism, mune imwe rudzi rweseri. Trubetskoy, akakurumbira nokuda kwezvivezwa zvake zvemhuka, akaramba kuti basa racho rakanga rakaitirwa chirevo chezvamatongerwe enyika: “Ndaingoda kufananidzira imwe mhuka pane imwe.”
Tolstoy akabvumira Trubetskoy kuti azviratidze. Iye akati nezvake: "Chipo chakadii, chipo chakadii." Trubetskoy haana kungobvuma kwaari chete kuti akanga asina kuverenga Hondo neRugare - akatokanganwa kuenda naye editions ezvinyorwa zveTolstoy, zvaakanga apiwa kuYasnaya Polyana. Boka rake re "symbolic" plastiki raizivikanwa naTolstoy. Musi waChikumi 20, 1910, Makovitsky anonyora: "LN yakatanga kutaura nezveTrubetskoy: - Uyu Trubetskoy, muvezi, mutsigiri anotyisa wezvinomera, akaita chifananidzo chehyena nemurume ndokusaina: "Hyena inodya zvitunha, uye murume pachake anouraya ... ".
NB Nordman akapa kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera yambiro yaTrubetskoy pamusoro pekuendeswa kwezvirwere zvemhuka kuvanhu. Mashoko okuti: “vous etes punis par les maladies qui [sic!] vous donnent ces cadavres” haisiriyo yambiro chete inobva kuRussia isati yatanga hondo inonzi yaifananidzira chirwere chemombe dzinopenga.
p, s, Mumufananidzo Paolo Trubetskoy uye LN Tolstoy pabhiza.