Sainzi yebiomimetics ikozvino iri padanho rekutanga rebudiriro. Biomimetics ndiko kutsvaga nekukwereta kwemafungiro akasiyana-siyana kubva kune zvakasikwa uye kushandiswa kwawo kugadzirisa matambudziko akatarisana nevanhu. Kwekutanga, kusajairika, kurongeka uye hupfumi hwezviwanikwa, umo zvisikwa zvinogadzirisa matambudziko, hazvigone asi kufara uye kukonzera chishuwo chekutevedzera izvi zvinoshamisa maitiro, zvinhu uye zvimiro kusvika pamwero wakati. Izwi rokuti biomimetics rakagadzirwa muna 1958 nemusayendisiti wekuAmerica Jack E. Steele. Uye izwi rekuti "bionics" rakazoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu70s yezana ramakore rapfuura, apo nhevedzano "The Six Million Dollar Man" uye "The Biotic Woman" yakaonekwa paterevhizheni. Tim McGee anonyevera kuti biometrics haifanirwe kuvhiringika zvakananga neiyo bioinspired modelling nekuti, kusiyana nebiomimetics, bioinspired modeling haisimbise kushandiswa kwehupfumi kwezvinhu. Pazasi pane mienzaniso yezvakabudirira zvebiomimetics, uko misiyano iyi inonyanya kutaurwa. Pakuumba polymeric biomedical zvinhu, musimboti wekushanda kweholothurian shell (sea cucumber) yakashandiswa. Makuka egungwa ane hunhu hwakasiyana - anogona kushandura kuoma kwe collagen inoumba chifukidziro chekunze chemuviri wavo. Kana sea cucumber parinoona njodzi, rinoramba richiwedzera kuoma kweganda raro, sokunge radamburwa nedemhe. Ukuwo, kana achida kupinza mukamuka mudiki, anogona kupera simba pakati pezvinhu zveganda rake zvekuti rinoshanduka kuita jelly rine mvura. Boka revasayendisiti kubva kuCase Western Reserve rakakwanisa kugadzira chinhu chinobva pa cellulose fiber ine zvinhu zvakafanana: pamberi pemvura, chinhu ichi chinova plastiki, uye kana ichibuda, inoomesa zvakare. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti zvinhu zvakadaro zvakanyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi e-intracerebral, ayo anoshandiswa, kunyanya, muchirwere cheParkinson. Kana akaiswa muuropi, maelectrode akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakadaro anozova epurasitiki uye haazokuvadze uropi. Kambani yekuUS yekurongedza Ecovative Dhizaini yakagadzira boka rezvinhu zvinodzoreredzwa uye biodegradable zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa kupisa kupisa, kurongedza, fenicha uye makomputa makesi. McGee atova nechitoyi chakagadzirwa kubva pazvinhu izvi. Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvi, husks yemupunga, buckwheat nekotoni inoshandiswa, iyo fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) inokura. Musanganiswa une oyster mushroom masero uye hydrogen peroxide inoiswa mumhando dzakakosha uye inochengetwa murima kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chiomese pasi pesimba rehowa mycelium. Chigadzirwa chacho chinobva chaomeswa kumisa kukura kwefungus uye kudzivirira allergies panguva yekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa. Angela Belcher nechikwata chake vakagadzira bhatiri reNovub rinoshandisa yakagadziridzwa M13 bacteriophage virus. Iyo inokwanisa kuzvibatanidza kune inorganic zvinhu zvakaita segoridhe uye cobalt oxide. Nekuda kwehutachiona hwekuzvibatanidza, pane refu nanowires inogona kuwanikwa. Boka raBletcher rakakwanisa kuunganidza akawanda eaya nanowires, zvichikonzera hwaro hwebhatiri rine simba uye rakanyanya kusimba. Muna 2009, masayendisiti akaratidza mukana wekushandisa hutachiona hwakagadziridzwa kugadzira anode uye cathode yebhatiri ye lithium-ion. Australia yakagadzira yazvino Biolytix wastewater treatment system. Sefa iyi inogona kukurumidza kushandura tsvina nemarara echikafu kuita mvura yemhando yepamusoro inogona kushandiswa kudiridza. Muchirongwa cheBiolytix, makonye uye zvipenyu zvevhu zvinoita basa rose. Kushandisa iyo Biolytix sisitimu kunoderedza mashandisirwo esimba neanenge 90% uye inoshanda kanokwana kagumi zvakanyanya kupfuura yakajairwa yekuchenesa masisitimu. Wechidiki wekuAustralia architect Thomas Herzig anotenda kune mikana mikuru ye inflatable architecture. Mukufunga kwake, zvimiro zvinotapukira zvinonyanya kushanda kupfuura zvechinyakare, nekuda kwekureruka kwavo uye kushoma kushandiswa kwezvinhu. Chikonzero chiri mukuti simba rekumanikidza rinoshanda chete pa membrane inoshanduka, nepo simba rekumanikidza rinopikiswa neimwe elastic medium - mhepo, iyo iripo kwese uye yakasununguka zvachose. Nekuda kweichi chiitiko, zvisikwa zvave kushandisa zvimiro zvakafanana kwemamiriyoni emakore: chipenyu chose chine maseru. Pfungwa yekuunganidza zvivakwa zvekuvaka kubva pneumocell modules yakagadzirwa nePVC yakavakirwa pamisimboti yekuvaka biological cellular zvimiro. Iwo maseru, ane patented naThomas Herzog, ane mutengo wakaderera zvakanyanya uye anobvumidza iwe kugadzira ingangoita isingaverengeke nhamba yemasanganiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, kukuvadzwa kune imwe kana kunyange akati wandei pneumocells hakuzosanganisi kuparadzwa kwechimiro chose. Nheyo yekushanda inoshandiswa neCalera Corporation inonyanya kutevedzera kusikwa kwesimende yechisikigo, iyo makorari anoshandisa mukati mehupenyu hwavo kuburitsa calcium nemagnesium kubva mumvura yegungwa kuitira kugadzira carbonates pane zvakajairika tembiricha uye kumanikidza. Uye pakusikwa kweCalera simenti, carbon dioxide inotanga kuchinjwa kuva carbonic acid, iyo carbonates inobva yawanikwa. McGee anoti nenzira iyi, kugadzira toni imwe chete yesamende, zvinofanirwa kugadzirisa huwandu hwakafanana hwecarbon dioxide. Kugadzirwa kwesamende nenzira yechinyakare kunounza kusvibiswa kwekabhoni dioxide, asi iyi tekinoroji yekuchinja, pane zvinopesana, inotora kabhoni dhaikisani kubva kune zvakatipoteredza. Kambani yeAmerica Novomer, iyo inogadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvinogadzirisa zvakatipoteredza, yakagadzira tekinoroji yekugadzira mapurasitiki, uko carbon dioxide uye kabhoni monoxide zvinoshandiswa seyakakura zvinhu. McGee anosimbisa kukosha kwehunyanzvi uhu, sezvo kuburitswa kwemagasi egreenhouse uye mamwe magasi ane chepfu mumhepo ndeimwe yematambudziko makuru epasi ranhasi. MuNovomer's plastics tekinoroji, mapolymer matsva nemapurasitiki anogona kuve ne50% kabhoni dhaidhiyo uye kabhoni monoxide, uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvi kunoda simba shoma. Kugadzirwa kwakadai kuchabatsira kusunga huwandu hwakakosha hwemagasi egreenhouse, uye zvinhu izvi pachazvo zvinova biodegradable. Chipembenene chikangobata shizha rinoteya remuchero weVenus flytrap chirimwa, chimiro cheshizha chinobva chatanga kushanduka, uye chipembenene chinozviwana chiri mumusungo werufu. Alfred Crosby nevamwe vaaishanda navo kubva kuAmherst University (Massachusetts) vakakwanisa kugadzira chinhu chepolymer chinokwanisa kuita nenzira yakafanana nekuchinja kudiki kwekumanikidza, tembiricha, kana pasi pesimba remagetsi. Pamusoro pechinhu ichi chakafukidzwa nemicroscopic, ma-lens akazadzwa nemhepo anogona kukurumidza kushandura curvature yavo (kuva convex kana concave) nekuchinja mukumanikidza, tembiricha, kana pasi pesimba rezvino. Hukuru hwema microlenses aya hunosiyana kubva pa50 µm kusvika pa500 µm. Iyo madiki ma lenzi pachawo uye chinhambwe pakati pawo, iyo inokurumidza zvinhu zvinopindirana nekuchinja kwekunze. McGee anoti chinoita kuti chinhu ichi chive chakakosha ndechekuti inogadzirwa pamharadzano yemicro- uye nanotechnology. Mussels, kufanana nemamwe akawanda e-bivalve mollusks, anokwanisa kusungirira zvakasimba kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvepamusoro nerubatsiro rwemapuroteni anokosha, anorema-anonzi byssus. Iyo yekunze inodzivirira layer yebyssal gland inosiyana-siyana, yakasimba zvakanyanya uye panguva imwe chete inoshamisa elastic zvinhu. Muzvinafundo weOrganic Chemistry Herbert Waite weYunivhesiti yeCalifornia anga achitsvaga mussels kwenguva yakareba, uye akakwanisa kugadzirazve chinhu chine chimiro chakafanana neicho chakagadzirwa nemhashu. McGee anoti Herbert Waite akavhura nzvimbo itsva yetsvagiridzo, uye kuti basa rake rakatobatsira rimwe boka revasayendisiti kugadzira PureBond tekinoroji yekurapa nzvimbo dzemapuranga pasina kushandisa formaldehyde nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu. Ganda reShark rine pfuma yakasiyana zvachose - mabhakitiriya haawande pairi, uye panguva imwechete haina kuvharwa nechero bactericidal lubricant. Mune mamwe mazwi, ganda hariurayi mabhakitiriya, haangovepo pariri. Chakavanzika chiri mune yakakosha pateni, iyo inoumbwa nezviyero zvidiki zveganda re shark. Zvichibatanidza, zvikero izvi zvinogadzira chimiro chakaita sedhaimani. Iyi pateni inoburitswa paSharklet inodzivirira antibacterial firimu. McGee anotenda kuti kushandisa tekinoroji iyi hakuna magumo. Zvechokwadi, kushandiswa kwechimiro chakadaro chisingabvumiri mabhakitiriya kuwanda pamusoro pezvinhu muzvipatara uye munzvimbo dzevanhu vanogona kubvisa mabhakitiriya ne80%. Muchiitiko ichi, mabhakitiriya haana kuparadzwa, uye, naizvozvo, haagoni kuwana kushorwa, sezvinoitwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Sharklet Tekinoroji ndiyo yekutanga tekinoroji pasi rose kurambidza kukura kwebhakitiriya pasina kushandisa zvinhu zvine chepfu. maererano bigpikture.ru
2022-11-11
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