Kuchenesa, kubika, kuchengetwa kwevana - aya mabasa epamba enguva dzose anowanzovata pamapfudzi evakadzi, izvo zvisiri zvechokwadi nguva dzose, asi zvirinani munhu wose anoziva nezvazvo. Haisi nguva yekuzivisa mutoro weimwe mhando, yepfungwa uye isingaoneki, iyo inodawo kugoverwa kwechokwadi? Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Elena Kechmanovich anotsanangura kuti ndeapi mabasa ekuziva anotarisana nemhuri uye anokurudzira kuatora zvakanyanya.
Verenga zvirevo zvina zvinotevera uye funga kana chimwe chezviri pamusoro chichishanda kwauri.
- Ndinoita zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza imba—somuenzaniso, ndinoronga mamenu evhiki, ndinonyora mazita ezvokudya zvinodiwa uye zvinhu zvomumba, kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvinhu zvose zviri mumba zviri kushanda zvakanaka, uye ndinoridza aramu apo zvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa/kugadziriswa/kugadzirisa. .
- Ini ndinoonekwa se "mubereki akasarudzika" kana zvasvika pakubatana nekireshi kana chikoro, kuronga zviitiko zvevana, mitambo, zvinhu zvekufamba-famba muguta uye kushanyira vanachiremba. Ndinotarisa kuti ndione kana yave nguva yekutengera vana zvipfeko zvitsva nezvimwe zvakakosha, pamwe chete nezvipo zvemazuva avo ekuzvarwa.
- Ini ndini ndinoronga rubatsiro rwekunze, semuenzaniso, ndinowana nanny, tutors uye au pair, anodyidzana nemhizha, vavaki uye zvichingodaro.
- Ini ndinoronga hupenyu hwemagariro emhuri, kuronga dzinenge nzendo dzese kuenda kunhandare nemamyuziyamu, nzendo dzekubuda kunze kweguta uye misangano neshamwari, kuronga nzendo nemazororo, kuchengeta chiitiko cheguta zvinonakidza.
Kana uchibvumirana nezvinenge zviviri zvezvirevo zvacho, sezvingabvira unotakura mutoro mukuru wendangariro mumhuri yako. Ziva kuti handina kunyora mabasa akajairika akaita sekubika, kuchenesa, kuwacha, kutenga girosari, kucheka uswa, kana kupedza nguva nevana kumba kana kunze. Kwenguva refu, akanga ari aya mabasa chaiwo aizivikanwa nebasa repamba. Asi basa rekuziva rakanzvenga vaongorori uye veruzhinji, sezvo risingade kushanda nesimba, sekutonga, harionekwe uye risingatsananguriki zvakanaka nenguva.
Kana zvasvika pakuziva zviwanikwa (ngatiti mubvunzo wekutsvaga kindergarten), varume vanonyanya kubatanidzwa mukuita.
Mazhinji emabasa epamba nekuchengeta vana anogaroitwa nevakadzi. Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura, mhuri dzakawanda zvikuru dzakaoneka uko mabasa epamba anogoverwa zvakaenzana, asi nzvero dzinoratidza kuti vakadzi, kunyange vanoshanda, vakabatikana zvikuru namabasa epamba kupfuura varume.
MuWashington, DC, kwandinodzidzira, vakadzi vanowanzoratidza kushushikana nekuremerwa nemabasa mazhinji asina mavambo kana magumo uye asina nguva yavo pachavo. Uyezve, nyaya idzi dzakatooma kutsanangura zvakajeka uye kuyera.
Nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yeHarvard Allison Daminger achangobva kubudisa ongororo1umo anotsanangura nekutsanangura kushanda kwepfungwa. Muna 2017, akaita hurukuro dzakadzika nevakuru vakaroora makumi manomwe (70 vakaroorana). Vaive vepakati uye vepamusoro vekirasi yepakati, vane dzidzo yekukoreji uye angangoita mwana mumwe ari pasi pemakore mashanu.
Kubva patsvagurudzo iyi, Daminger anotsanangura zvikamu zvina zvebasa rekuziva:
- Kufanotaura kuziva uye kutarisira kwezvido zvinouya, matambudziko kana mikana.
- Kuzivikanwa kwezviwanikwa - kuzivikanwa kwezvingangoita sarudzo dzekugadzirisa dambudziko.
- Kuita sarudzo ndiko kusarudzwa kwezvakanakisa pakati pezvakaonekwa sarudzo.
- Kudzora - Kuona kuti sarudzo dzinoitwa uye zvinodiwa zvinosangana.
Chidzidzo chaDaminger, sehumwe humbowo huzhinji, hunoratidza kuti kufanotaura uye kutonga kunowira zvakanyanya pamapfudzi evakadzi. Kana zvasvika pakuziva zviwanikwa (ngatitaurire mubvunzo wekutsvaga kindergarten unouya), varume vanonyanya kubatanidzwa mukuita. Asi zvakanyanya pane zvese ivo vanobatanidzwa mukuita sarudzo - semuenzaniso, apo mhuri inoda kusarudza pane imwe kireshi kana kambani yekutakura girosari. Kunyangwe, hongu, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinodiwa, izvo, pane yakakura sampuli, ichaona kuti mhedziso dzechinyorwa ichi ndedzechokwadi sei.
Sei basa repfungwa rakaoma kuona nekuziva? Kutanga, kazhinji hachioneki kumunhu wose asi munhu anozviita. Ndeupi amai vasina kumbotaura zuva rese nezve chiitiko chevana chiri kuuya vachipedzisa basa rakakosha?
Zvingangodaro, ndiye mukadzi achayeuka kuti madomasi akasiiwa mudhirowa rezasi refiriji akashata, uye achaita pfungwa yekutenga miriwo mitsva manheru kana kunyevera murume wake kuti anofanira kuenda kuchitoro. pasati papfuura China, apo ivo vachanyatsodikanwa kubika spaghetti.
Uye, zvichida, ndiye uyo, achitsvuka pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, anofunga nezve nzira dzipi dzekugadzirira bvunzo dzakanakisisa kupa mwanakomana wake. Uye panguva imwe chete nguva nenguva inotarisa apo iyo yemuno nhabvu ligi inotanga kugamuchira zvikumbiro zvitsva. Iri basa rekuziva rinowanzoitwa mu "background", mukuwirirana nemamwe mabasa, uye haaperi. Uye naizvozvo, zvinenge zvisingabviri kuverenga kuti inguva yakawanda sei munhu anopedza pamafungiro aya, kunyange zvazvo anogona kukanganisa kukwanisa kwake kutarisa kuitira kuti aite basa guru kana, zvakasiyana, kuzorora.
Mutoro wakakura wepfungwa unogona kukonzera makakatanwa nemakakatanwa pakati pevakaroorana, sezvo zvingaomera mumwe munhu kunzwisisa kuti basa iri rinorema sei. Dzimwe nguva vanoriita havazvioni ivo pachavo kuti imabasa mangani avari kuita, uye havanzwisisi kuti nei vasinganzwe kugutsikana kubva pakuita rimwe basa.
Bvumiranai, zviri nyore zvikuru kunzwa kunakidzwa kwekupenda fenzi yebindu pane kugara uchitarisisa kuti chikoro chinoshandisa sei kosi yakarongedzerwa mwana wako ane zvinodiwa chaizvo.
Uye saka, pachinzvimbo chekuongorora mutoro wemabasa uye nekuagovera zvakaenzana pakati pemitezo yemhuri, "supervisor" wemba anoenderera mberi nekutarisa zvese, achizviunza pakuneta. Kuneta kwepfungwa, zvakare, kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa yeunyanzvi uye yemuviri.
Ongorora chero hutsva hwakagadzirirwa kurerutsa mutoro wekuziva, senge menyu yekuronga app
Wakaona uchigutsurira musoro uchibvumirana paunenge uchiverenga rugwaro urwu? Tarisa uone dzimwe nzira dzandakaedza mubasa rangu rekubvunza mazano:
1. Ramba uchicherechedza mutoro wose wekuziva waunowanzoita mukati mevhiki. Nyatsofunga nezvese zvaunoita kumashure, uchiita mabasa akakosha kana kuzorora. Nyora pasi zvese zvaunorangarira.
2. Ziva kuti uri kuita zvakawanda sei usingazvizivi. Shandisa kuwanikwa uku kuzvipa kuzorora nguva nenguva uye kuzvibata nehushamwari uye tsitsi.
3. Kurukura nemumwe wako mukana wekupatsanurwa kwakanyanya kwemutoro wepfungwa. Nokuziva kuti unoita zvakawanda sei, angangobvuma kuita rimwe basa racho. Nzira yakanakisa yekugovera mabasa ndeyekuendesa kune mumwe wake izvo iye pachake zvakanaka uye zvaangade kuita.
4. Isa parutivi nguva yauchange wakanangana nebasa chete kana kuti, toti, pakurovedza mitambo. Kana ukazvibata iwe uchiedza kufunga nezveimwe dambudziko repamba, dzokera kune basa riripo. Ungangoda kumbozorora kwemasekondi mashoma wonyora pfungwa yakauya ine chekuita nedambudziko remumba kuti usakanganwe.
Mushure mekupedza basa kana kudzidziswa, iwe uchakwanisa kunyatsotarisa pane dambudziko rinoda kugadziriswa. Nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, kutarisa kwako kunowedzera kusarudzwa (nguva dzose tsika yekufunga ichabatsira).
5. Ongorora chero zvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji zvakagadzirirwa kurerutsa mutoro wekuziva. Semuenzaniso, edza kushandisa menyu kuronga kana kupaka yekutsvaga app, maneja webasa, uye zvimwe zvinobatsira zviwanikwa.
Dzimwe nguva kungoziva kuti mutoro mukuru wepfungwa hausi patiri chete, kuti hatisi toga mu "chikepe" ichi, chinogona kuita kuti upenyu huve nyore kwatiri.
1 Allison Daminger "Iyo Cognitive Dimension yeBasa reMumba", American Sociological Ongororo, Mbudzi,
Pamusoro pemunyori: Elena Kechmanovich inyanzvi yepfungwa, muvambi uye mutungamiriri weArlington/DC Behavioral Therapy Institute, uye purofesa anoshanyira muDhipatimendi rePsychology paGeorgetown University.