Zvinoitika kuti kuitira kuti uropi hushande zvakanaka, zvakakosha kukwanisa kukanganwa. Neuroscientist Henning Beck anopupurira izvi uye anotsanangura kuti sei kuedza "kurangarira zvese" kunokuvadza. Uye hongu, iwe uchakanganwa chinyorwa ichi, asi chichakubatsira iwe kuve wakangwara.
Sherlock Holmes muSoviet adaptation akati: "Watson, nzwisisa: uropi hwemunhu idenga risina chinhu kwaunogona kurongedza chero chaunoda. Benzi rinoita izvozvo chete: rinokwevera ipapo zvakafanira uye zvisina basa. Uye pakupedzisira, kunouya nguva yausingachakwanise kurongedza chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ipapo. Kana kuti yakavigwa kure zvekuti haungasvike pairi. Ndinozviita zvakasiyana. Imba yangu yedenga ine chete maturusi andinoda. Kune akawanda awo, asi ari muhurongwa hwakakwana uye anogara ari pedyo. Handidi imwe junk yakawedzerwa." Akarerwa mukuremekedza ruzivo rwakakura rweencyclopedic, Watson akakatyamadzwa. Asi mutikitivha mukuru akatadza kudaro?
Nyanzvi yezveuropiyo yekuGermany Henning Beck anodzidza mashandire anoita uropi hwemunhu mukudzidza nekunzwisisa, uye anotsigira kukanganwa kwedu. “Uchiri kuyeuka here musoro wenyaya wawakatanga kuona panzvimbo yenhau mangwanani ano? Kana kuti chikamu chechipiri chenhau chaunoverenga nhasi musocial media feed pane yako smartphone? Kana kuti chii chawadya chemasikati mazuva mana apfuura? Paunoyedza kurangarira zvakanyanya, ndipo paunoona kuti ndangariro yako yakaipa sei. Kana iwe wangokanganwa musoro wenhau kana wekudya kwemasikati, zvakanaka, asi kusabudirira kuedza kurangarira zita remunhu paunosangana kunogona kuvhiringidza kana kunyadzisa.
Hazvishamisi kuti tinoedza kurwisa kukanganwa. Mnemonics ichakubatsira iwe kuyeuka zvinhu zvakakosha, kudzidziswa kwakawanda "kuchavhura mikana mitsva", vagadziri vemishonga yekugadzirira kubva paginkgo biloba vanovimbisa kuti isu ticharega kukanganwa chero chinhu, indasitiri yese iri kushanda kutibatsira kuti tiwane ndangariro yakakwana. Asi kuedza kuyeuka zvinhu zvose kunogona kuva nekukanganisa kukuru kwekuziva.
Pfungwa, Beck anopikisa, ndeyekuti hapana chakaipa nekukanganwa. Chokwadi, kusayeuka zita romumwe munhu nenguva kuchaita kuti tinyare. Asi kana ukafunga nezveimwe nzira, zviri nyore kugumisa kuti ndangariro yakakwana pakupedzisira inozotungamirira kukuneta mundangariro. Kudai tairangarira chinhu chiri chose, kwaizova kwakaoma kwatiri kutsauranisa pakati pamashoko anokosha naasingakoshi.
Kubvunza kuti tingarangarira zvakadii kwakafanana nekubvunza kuti orchestra ingaridza nziyo ngani.
Zvakare, kana tichiziva zvakanyanya, zvinotora nguva yakareba kutora zvatinoda kubva mumusoro. Neimwe nzira, zvakaita sebhokisi retsamba riri kufashukira: iyo maemail akawanda atinawo, iyo inotora nguva yakareba kuti tiwane chaiyo, inonyanya kudiwa panguva ino. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kana chero zita, temu kana zita richitenderera parurimi. Isu tine chokwadi chekuti tinoziva zita remunhu ari pamberi pedu, asi zvinotora nguva kuti neural network yehuropi iwirirane uye kuitora kubva mundangariro.
Tinofanira kukanganwa kuitira kuti tiyeuke zvakakosha. Uropi hunoronga ruzivo zvakasiyana pane zvatinoita pakombiyuta, anoyeuka Henning Beck. Pano tine maforodha kwatinoisa mafaera uye magwaro zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwakasarudzwa. Kana mushure mechinguva isu tichida kuvaona, ingo dzvanya pane yaunoda icon uye uwane ruzivo. Izvi zvakasiyana chaizvo nemashandiro anoita uropi, kwatisina mafolder kana nzvimbo dzekurangarira. Uyezve, hapana nzvimbo chaiyo yatinochengetera ruzivo.
Hazvina mhosva kuti tinotarisa zvakadzama sei mumisoro yedu, hatife takawana ndangariro: ingori mabatiro anoita masero ehuropi pane imwe nguva. Sezvinongoita orchestra "isina" mimhanzi pachayo, asi inopa ichi kana icho rwiyo kana vaimbi vachiridza mukuyananisa, uye ndangariro muuropi haisi pane imwe nzvimbo muneural network, asi inogadzirwa nemasero nguva dzese. tinorangarira chimwe chinhu.
Uye izvi zvine zvazvakanakira zviviri. Kutanga, isu tinoshanduka zvakanyanya uye tine simba, saka tinogona kukurumidza kusanganisa ndangariro, uye iyi ndiyo nzira iyo pfungwa itsva dzinozvarwa. Uye chechipiri, uropi hahuna kumbozara. Kubvunza kuti tingarangarira zvakadii kwakafanana nekubvunza kuti orchestra ingaridza nziyo ngani.
Asi iyi nzira yekugadzirisa inouya nemubhadharo: isu tinokurirwa nyore nyore neruzivo rwunouya. Pese patinosangana kana kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva, masero europi anofanirwa kudzidzisa imwe chiitiko pateni, anogadzirisa hukama hwawo uye kugadzirisa neural network. Izvi zvinoda kuwedzera kana kuparadzwa kweneural contacts - activation yeimwe pateni nguva yega yega inoita kurerutsa.
"Kuputika kwepfungwa" kunogona kuva nezviratidzo zvakasiyana: kukanganwa, kusavapo-pfungwa, kunzwa kuti nguva inobhururuka, kuoma kuisa pfungwa.
Saka, network dzedu dzehuropi dzinotora nguva kuti dzijaire ruzivo rwunouya. Tinofanira kukanganwa chimwe chinhu kuti tivandudze ndangariro dzedu dzezvinokosha.
Kuti tibve tasefa ruzivo rwunouya, tinofanira kuita setiri mukudya. Kutanga tinodya zvokudya, uye zvino zvinotora nguva kuti zvigaye. "Somuenzaniso, ndinoda muesli," Beck anotsanangura. “Mangwanani oga oga ndinovimba kuti mamorekuru avo achakurudzira kukura kwetsandanyama mumuviri wangu. Asi izvozvo zvichaitika chete kana ndikapa muviri wangu nguva yekuagaya. Kana ndikadya muesli nguva dzose, ndinoputika. "
Zvakafanana neruzivo: kana tikadya ruzivo rusina kumira, tinogona kuputika. Rudzi urwu rwe "kuputika kwepfungwa" runogona kuva nezviratidzo zvakawanda: kukanganwa, kusavapo-pfungwa, kunzwa kuti nguva inobhururuka, kuoma kuisa pfungwa uye kuisa mberi, matambudziko ekurangarira zvinhu zvinokosha. Maererano neuroscientist, izvi "zvirwere zvebudiriro" mhedzisiro yehunhu hwedu hwekuziva: isu tinorerutsa nguva inotora kugaya ruzivo uye kukanganwa zvinhu zvisina basa.
“Mushure mekuverenga nhau dzemangwanani panguva yekudya kwemangwanani, handifambise pasocial network uye midhiya pa smartphone yangu ndiri munzira. Pane kudaro, ndinozvipa nguva uye handitarise smartphone yangu zvachose. Zvakaoma. Pasi pekutarisa kunosiririsa kwevachiri kuyaruka vari kupuruzira pa Instagram (sangano rino mhirizhonga rakarambidzwa muRussia), zviri nyore kunzwa senge chidimbu chemuseum kubva kuma1990s, chakaparadzaniswa nechazvino cheApple uye Android, musayendisiti anogomera. — Hungu, ndinoziva kuti handizokwanisi kuyeuka mashoko ose echinyorwa chandakaverenga mupepanhau pakudya kwemangwanani. Asi apo muviri uri kugaya muesli, uropi huri kugadzirisa uye kuenzanisa zvidimbu zvemashoko andakagamuchira mangwanani. Ino ndiyo nguva iyo ruzivo rwunova ruzivo. "
Nezve munyori: Henning Beck ibiochemist uye neuroscientist.