Katran: tsananguro ine mufananidzo, iyo inowanikwa, ine ngozi kune vanhu

Katran inonzi zvakare imbwa yegungwa (Sgualus acanthias), asi inozivikanwa zviri nani pasi pezita rekuti "katran". Iyo shark inomiririra mhuri ye "katranovye" uye "katranovye" detachment, iyo iri chikamu chemhando ye spiny sharks. Hugaro hwemhuri yacho hwakafara zvikuru, sezvo ichiwanika mumvura dzine mwero dzemakungwa ose enyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, kudzika kwekugara kunoshamisa kwazvo, anenge chiuru nehafu mamita. Vanhu vanokura pakureba kusvika kumamita maviri.

Shark tara: tsananguro

Zvinotendwa kuti katran shark inomiririra mhando dzakawanda dze shark dzinozivikanwa kusvika nhasi. Shark, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekugara kwayo, ine mazita akati wandei. Semuyenzaniso:

• Katran ordinary.
• Common spiny shark.
• Spiny short shark.
• A blunt-nosed spiny shark.
• Sand katran.
• South katran.
• Marigold.

Iyo katran shark chinhu chezvose zviri zviviri zvemitambo uye zvekutengesa hove, nekuda kwekuti nyama yayo haina kunhuhwirira chaiko kweammonia kunowanikwa mune mamwe marudzi eshaki.

Kuonekwa

Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dze shark, spiny shark dzine chimiro chemuviri chakanyatsogadziriswa. Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, chimiro ichi chakanyatsonaka kana chichienzaniswa nemhando dzedzimwe hove huru. Kureba kwemuviri weshaki iyi kunosvika pahukuru hunosvika 1,8 metres, kunyangwe avhareji saizi ye shark iri zvishoma kudarika mita. Panguva imwecheteyo, varume vane zviduku muhukuru zvichienzaniswa nevakadzi. Nekuti musimboti wemuviri icartilage uye kwete bhonzo, inorema zvishoma, zvisinei nezera.

Katran shark ine muviri wakareba uye mutete, izvo zvinoita kuti mhuka inodya mhuka ifambe zviri nyore uye nekukasira mumvura. Kuvapo kwemuswe une marobe akasiyana-siyana kunobvumira shark kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukurumidza kufamba. Pamuviri weshaki, unogona kuona zvikero zvidiki zveplacoid. Kumashure uye kumberi kwechikara kwakasvibira kweruvara rwegrey, nepo zvikamu zvemuviri izvi zvinowanzova nemavara madiki machena.

Muromo weshaki unoratidzwa nechimiro chechimiro, uye chinhambwe kubva pakatanga kusvika kumuromo chinenge ka1,3 paupamhi hwemuromo pachawo. Maziso anowanikwa pachinhambwe chimwechete kubva pakatsemurwa gill rekutanga, uye mhino dzakachinjika zvishoma kuenda kumuromo wemhuno. Mazino acho akareba zvakafanana uye akarongwa mumitsara yakawanda pashaya dzepamusoro nedzezasi. Mazino acho akanyatsopinza, izvo zvinoita kuti shark ikuya zvokudya muzvidimbu zviduku.

Iyo dorsal fins yakaumbwa nenzira yekuti mapikisi anopinza anowanikwa pahwaro hwawo. Panguva imwecheteyo, saizi yemuzongoza wekutanga haienderane nehukuru hwezvimbi uye ipfupi, asi yechipiri musana inenge yakaenzana nekureba, asi chete yechipiri dorsal fin, iyo yakati diki.

Zvinonakidza kuziva! Munzvimbo yeuXNUMXbuXNUMXbmusoro wekatran shark, inenge pamusoro pemaziso, munhu anogona kuona mapfupi maitiro anonzi lobes.

Sharki haina mbichana, uye pectoral fins inoshamisa muhukuru, ine mipendero yakati concave. Iyo pelvic fins inowanikwa pazasi, inofananidzirwa nenzvimbo yechipiri dorsal fin.

Mararamiro, maitiro

Iyo katran shark inofamba-famba munzvimbo dzakakura dzemvura dzemakungwa nemakungwa nekuda kwemutsara wayo wakatarisana. Anokwanisa kunzwa kutekenyedzwa kudiki kunopararira mukoramu yemvura. Mukuwedzera, shark ine pfungwa yakanyatsogadzirwa yekunhuwa. Iri nhengo inoumbwa nemakomba akakosha akabatana zvakananga kuhuro nzvimbo yehove.

Iyo katran shark inonzwa inogona kubata yayo iri kure kure. Nekuda kweakanakisa aerodynamic maitiro emuviri wayo, chikara chinokwanisa kubata chero anogara pasi pemvura anosanganisirwa mukudya. Panyaya yevanhu, rudzi urwu rweshaki haruna ngozi.

Ko katran inogara kwenguva yakareba sei

Somugumisiro wekucherechedza kwevasayendisiti, zvakakwanisika kuziva kuti katran shark inokwanisa kurarama kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu.

Sexual dimorphism

Zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa vakadzi kubva kune varume, kunze kwehukuru. Nokudaro, tinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti dimorphism yepabonde mumhando iyi haina kuratidzwa. Sezvo mutemo, varume vanogara vari vaduku pane vakadzi. Kana vakadzi vachikwanisa kukura kusvika mita imwe nehafu, saka ukuru hwevarume hahupfuuri mita imwe. Zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa katran shark kubva kune mamwe marudzi e shark nekusavapo kweanal fin, pasinei nebonde revanhu.

Range, nzvimbo dzekugara

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, nzvimbo yekugara yechikara ichi yakakura kwazvo, saka inogona kuwanikwa chero kupi zvako mumakungwa. Iyi idiki mhando yehove inowanikwa kumahombekombe eJapan, Australia, mukati meCanary Islands, munzvimbo dzemvura dzeArgentina neGreenland, pamwe neIceland, muPacific neIndia Oceans.

Izvi zvikara zvinosarudza kugara mumvura yakadzikama, saka, mumvura inotonhora zvakanyanya uye mumvura inodziya, zvikara izvi hazviwanikwi. Panguva imwecheteyo, katran shark inokwanisa kuita kutama kwenguva refu.

Chokwadi chinofadza! Iyo katran shark kana imbwa yegungwa inoratidzika padyo nepamusoro pemvura chete husiku uye chete mumamiriro ezvinhu apo tembiricha yemvura inenge +15 degrees.

Iyi mhando ye shark inonzwa zvakanaka mumvura yeBlack, Okhotsk neBering Seas. Zvikara zvinosarudza kugara pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, asi kana zvichivhima zvinogona kushambira kure mumvura yakashama. Zvikurukuru, dziri muchikamu chepasi chemvura, ichinyura kusvika pakadzika hukuru.

dhayeti

Sezvo katran shark iri hove inodya, hove dzakasiyana-siyana, pamwe necrustaceans, inoumba hwaro hwekudya kwayo. Kazhinji shark inodya cephalopods, pamwe nehonye dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara muvhu rezasi.

Pane zviitiko apo shark inongomedza jellyfish uye inodyawo sora regungwa. Vanogona kutevera mapoka ehove dzehupfu pamusoro pemarefu marefu, kunyanya maererano neAtlantic gungwa reAmerica, pamwe nekumabvazuva kweGungwa reJapan.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive! Kunyanya kuwanda kwespiny shark kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kune hove. Vakuru vanoparadza utava, uye vanodyawo hove dzakawira mumambure kana pazviredzo.

Munguva yekutonhora, vechidiki, pamwe chete nevakuru, vanodzika kusvika pakadzika kusvika mamita 200, vachigadzira mapoka akawanda. Sezvo mutemo, pakudzika kwakadaro kune hurumende yekushisa nguva dzose uye zvokudya zvakawanda, nenzira yebhiza mackerel uye anchovy. Kana kunze kuchidziya kana kupisa, katrans inogona kuvhima kuchena mumapoka akazara.

Kubereka uye vana

Iyo katran shark, ichienzaniswa nehove dzakawanda dzebony, ihove ine viviparous, saka kubereka kunoitika mukati mehove. Mushure memitambo yekubatana, iyo inoitika pakadzika kwemamita makumi mana, mazai ari kukura anoonekwa mumuviri wevakadzi, ari mune zvakakosha capsules. Imwe neimwe capsule inogona kuva nemazai matatu kusvika gumi nemashanu, ane avhareji dhayamita anosvika 40 mm.

Nzira yekutakura vana inotora nguva yakareba, saka pamuviri unogona kutora kubva pamwedzi 18 kusvika ku22. Kusati kwaberekwa fry, shark inosarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera, kwete kure nemhenderekedzo yegungwa. Mukadzi anobereka 6 kusvika 29 fry, kusvika ku 25 cm kureba paavhareji. Mashaka madiki ane zvivharo zvakakosha zvecartilaginous pamusana, saka pakuzvarwa hazvikonzerese kukuvadza kumukadzi. Pakarepo mushure mekuzvarwa, aya sheaths anonyangarika ega.

Mushure mekuberekwa kunotevera, mazai matsva anotanga kukura mumavhavha emukadzi.

Mumvura inotonhora, vechidiki katran shark vanozvarwa pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pechirimo; mumvura yeGungwa reJapan, izvi zvinoitika pakupera kwaAugust. Mushure mekuzvarwa, shark fry kwenguva yakati ichiri kudya pane zviri mukati meiyo yolk sac, umo iyo huru yekudyara inoiswa.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive! Mashaki madiki anopenga, nekuti anoda simba rakakwana rekufema. Panyaya iyi, pwere katrans inomedza zvokudya zvinenge nguva dzose.

Mushure mekuzvarwa, shark fry inotanga kutungamira hupenyu hwakazvimirira uye kuwana chikafu chavo. Mushure memakore gumi nerimwe ehupenyu, varume vekatran vanokura pabonde kana kureba kwemuviri wavo kunosvika masendimita makumi masere. Kana dziri hadzi, dzinokwanisa kubereka mushure megore nehafu, apo dzinosvika pakureba ingangoita 80 mita.

shark vavengi venyama

Mhando dzese dzeshaki dzinosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwehungwaru, simba rekuzvarwa uye hunyengeri hwechikara. Pasinei nechokwadi chakadaro, katran shark ine vavengi venyama, vane simba uye vanonyengera. Chimwe chezvikara zvinotyiwa zvikuru chinogara mumakungwa epasi rose imhondi whale. Kupesvedzera kwakakomba pahuwandu hweshaki iyi kunoitwa nemunhu, pamwe nehove yehedgehog. Hove iyi, inowira mumuromo weshaki, inomira muhuro yayo uye inobatwa imomo nerubatsiro rwetsono dzayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, izvi zvinoita kuti pave nenzara yechikara ichi.

Kuwanda kwevanhu uye mamiriro emarudzi

Iyo katran shark ndiyo mumiriri wenyika yepasi pemvura, iyo isingatyisidzirwe nechinhu chero chipi zvacho mazuva ano. Uye izvi, zvisinei nekuti shark ndeyekufarira zvekutengesa. Muchiropa che shark, masayendisiti akawana chinhu chinogona kuponesa munhu kubva kune mamwe maitiro e oncology.

Zvinobatsira Zvivakwa

Nyama, chiropa uye cartilage yekatran shark ine zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvinobatsira zvine simba rakanaka pakushanda kwenhengo dzomukati dzomunhu. Zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti zvikamu izvi hazvisi panacea.

Munyama uye muchiropa, kune huwandu hwakakwana hweOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, iyo ine simba rinobatsira pakushanda kwehutano hwemwoyo uye circulatory system. Omega-3 fatty acids inobatsira kuderedza dambudziko rechirwere chemoyo, kuderedza njodzi yezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, kunokurudzira masimba ezvirwere zvemuviri, nezvimwewo. Uyezve, nyama ine trace elements, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwevhithamini uye amino acids, kusanganisira. mapuroteni anogayiwa nyore.

Chiropa chemafuta ekatrans chinoratidzwa nehuwandu hwevhithamini "A" uye "D". Kune akawanda awo muchiropa che shark pane chiropa checod. Kuvapo kwealkylglycerides kunobatsira kusimba kwekudzivirira kwemuviri, kuwedzera kupikisa kwayo kurwisa hutachiona uye fungal zvirwere. Kekutanga, squalene yakaparadzaniswa kubva pachiropa che shark, iyo inotora chikamu mukugadzirisa metabolic maitiro uye inosimudzira kuparara kwecholesterol. Iyo cartilaginous tishu yekatran shark ine yakakwira yekorojeni uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinoumba. Kugadzirira kunoitwa pahwaro hwecartilaginous tishu kunobatsira mukurwisa zvirwere zvemajoini, arthritis, osteochondrosis, uye zvakare nekudzivirira kutaridzika kweakaipa neoplasms.

Mukuwedzera kune zvinobatsira, katran shark, kana kuti nyama yayo, inogonawo kukuvadza munhu. Chekutanga, kana paine kusashivirira kwemunhu, hazvikurudzirwe kudya nyama yeshaki iyi, uye chechipiri, iyo inowanzoitika kune vanogara kwenguva refu zvikara zvemugungwa, nyama yacho ine mercury, iyo inomisa kudyiwa kwenyama kumapoka evanhu akadai. vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanoyamwisa, vana vaduku, vakwegura, pamwe chete nevanhu vasina simba nekuda kwechirwere chakakomba.

In mhedziso

Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti shark chikara chakasimba uye chikuru, hukama husina kunaka hunomuka pakutaurwa kwavo uye munhu anofungidzira muromo muhombe, wakazara nemazino akapinza akagadzirira kubvambura chero mhuka zvidimbu. Kana iri katran shark, chikara chisati chamborwisa munhu, zvinoreva kuti hachina ngozi kwaari. Panguva imwecheteyo, chinhu chinokosha chekudya, chisingagoni kutaurwa pamusoro pezvimwe, zvikara zvakafanana.

Chinofadza ndechekuti nhengo dzese dzemuviri dzinowana kushandiswa kwavo. Ganda reshaki rakafukidzwa nezvikero zvakapinza, saka rinoshandiswa pakukwenenzvera zvigadzirwa zvehuni. Kana ganda richishandiswa uchishandisa tekinoroji yakakosha, zvino inowana kuumbwa kweiyo yakakurumbira shagreen, mushure meiyo zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadzirwa kubva mairi. Katran nyama inoonekwa seinonaka nekuti hainhuhwi ammonia kana yakabikwa zvakanaka. Nokudaro, nyama inogona kubikwa, kubikwa, kubikwa, marinated, kusvuta, nezvimwewo. Mazhinji gourmets anosarudza shark fin soup. Shark mazai anoshandiswawo, ane yolk yakawanda kupfuura mazai ehuku. Iwe unogona kutenga nyama ye shark mumakani, yakaoma kana fomu itsva.