Chirwere cheitsvo muvarume nevakadzi

Zvirwere zveitsvo muvarume nevakadzi zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa kushanda kwemaitiro aya eurinary system. Chimwe nechimwe chezvirwere zvine zvinyorwa zvayo, zvakasiyana mumufananidzo wekliniki uye nzira dzekurapa.

Maererano nehuwandu, inenge 4% yevanhu vokuRussia vanotambura nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zveitsvo, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti nhamba iyi inonyanya kuderedzwa. Ichokwadi ndechekuti zvirwere zveitsvo zvakawanda hazvina asymptomatic uye vanhu havatombozivi nezvematambudziko aripo ehutano. Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kufamba nezvirwere zveitsvo, kuziva zviratidzo zvavo uye nzira huru dzekurapa.

Kazhinji munhu anodzidza kuti ane danho repamusoro rechirwere cheitsvo netsaona, achiuya kuzoongororwa dambudziko rakasiyana zvachose. Pakati pavo, vanachiremba vanotodaidza itsvo nhengo dzisingatauri, sezvo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere mune dzimwe nguva zvinoonekwa kana vatomira kushanda. Zvechokwadi, chiremba anogona kufungidzira chirwere kuburikidza nekuongorora ropa, asi nokuda kweizvi zvakakosha kuti kuongorora uku kuwire mumaoko enephrologist, izvo zvinoitika zvakanyanya kashoma. Kazhinji, kwenguva yekutanga, varwere vanodzidza nezvekuvapo kwechiremba akadaro pavanopinda muchipatara nemyocardial infarction.

Ichokwadi ndechokuti kana itsvo dzichirega kushanda zvakanaka, chiyero che calcium muropa chinowedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvinowanzoiswa pamidziyo, zvichiita kuti lumen yavo iwedzere. Saka, hazvishamisi kuti varwere vane renal insufficiency vanowanzofa pazera remakore 30-40. Muchiitiko ichi, zvirwere zvemwoyo zvinova chikonzero chekufa.

Nhamba uye chokwadi muRussia uye USA

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti nephrology yakatanga kusimukira pasi rose mushure mekunge ongororo dzakaitwa muAmerica dzakaratidza huwandu hunoodza mwoyo. Zvakazoitika kuti 12% yevagari vemuUS vane chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi, uye 10% yevanhu vanoonekwa vaine chirwere chemoyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vane chirwere chemwoyo vanogamuchira kurapwa, nokuti vanoziva nezvechirwere chiripo, uye vanhu vane chirwere chetsvo vanowanzotambura myocardial infarction, vasingatombofungi kuti chii chakaita kuti vawedzere. Dambudziko rinosiririsa rakadaro rinowira 90% yevarwere veitsvo.

Kurapa vanhu vane itsvo pathologies kunodhura zvakanyanya kune bhajeti renyika chero ipi zvayo, kusanganisira Russia. Semuenzaniso, nzira yehemodialysis inodhura anenge 7000 rubles, uye inoda kuitwa katatu pavhiki muhupenyu hwose hwemurwere. Naizvozvo, haasi murwere wese anokwanisa kurapwa. Saka, pavanhu miriyoni imwe chete, vanhu 212 chete ndivo vanopihwa hemodialysis. Uye iwe unogona kuwana kurapwa chete mumatunhu ane bhajeti yakakwana. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinoenda kune itsvo transplants. Kune nzvimbo dzekudyarwa muKrasnodar, Moscow neSt. Nokudaro, zviri nyore kune murwere weitsvo kubva kuRostov kuisa nhengo kune imwe nyika pane, somuenzaniso, muSt. Pane nzira imwe chete yekubuda kune vanhu vakadai - kuenda kune imwe dunhu kuitira kuti vawane kurapwa kwakakwana kwechirwere chavo.

Kurapa kwevanhu vane itsvo pathology kunoonekwa panguva yakakodzera kwakachipa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uende neiyo ultrasound scan yeitsvo kamwe pagore, kutora AS uye LHC. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune vanhu vari panjodzi: varwere vane hypertensive, vane chirwere cheshuga, vanhu vane kufuta uye atherosclerosis.

Zvinokonzera matambudziko eitsvo

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti zvinotevera zvinogona kutanga chirwere cheitsvo:

• Kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwehuremu hwemuviri, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuderera kwemafuta capsule inopoteredza itsvo.

• Kufutisa. Mafuta akawandisa anoisa kumanikidza paitsvo, kukanganisa basa ravo. Mukuwedzera, kufutisa kunowedzera vascular tone.

• Chirwere cheshuga.

• Miitiro yakaipa (kusvuta uye kunwa doro zvisina kunaka). Ropa rinowedzera, sezvo doro rinokonzera kupera kwemvura mumuviri, uye utsi hwefodya ndiyo yakasimba zvikuru carcinogen. Zvose izvi zvinokanganisa basa reitsvo.

• High pressure inokuvadza itsvo midziyo uye inokanganisa kushanda kwayo.

Iwe unogona kufungidzira chirwere cheitsvo mukati mako kana iwe uchinyanya kutarisisa hutano hwako.

Saka, zviratidzo zvekuputsika mubasa ravo ndezvi:

• Edema pachiso nekuumbwa kwemasaga pasi pemeso, kuputika kwemakumbo ezasi. Manheru, kuzvimba uku kunopera. Ganda rinova rakaoma, rakachenuruka, zvichida kutsvuka.

• Marwadzo munharaunda yelumbar anogona kuratidza pyelonephritis uye hydronephrosis.

• Kuneta, kushaya simba, fivha, misoro - zviratidzo zvose izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kufungidzira chirwere chetsvo.

• Chikonzero chekusangana nachiremba chinofanira kunge chiri kukanganisa kwekunhuhwirira, ruvara uye huwandu hweweti.

Chirwere cheitsvo: pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis chirwere cheitsvo chechimiro chisingaperi. Chirwere ichi chakapararira muurological practice. Inenge 2/3 yevose vanoshanyira kune urologist inopera nekuongororwa kweacute kana kusingaperi pyelonephritis nekukuvadza kune imwe kana itsvo mbiri.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Zvikonzero zve pyelonephritis ndezvekuti mabhakitiriya epathogenic anotanga kuwanda mukati metishu:

• Pathogenic microorganisms (mu90% yezviitiko ndeye Escherichia coli) inopinda muitsvo munzira inokwira. Kuburikidza neurethra, vanopinda mudundira uye pamusoro. Vakadzi vanonyanya kubatwa nechirwere ichi, icho chinotsanangurwa nechimiro cheanatomical yeurinary system yavo.

• Utachiona hunogona kupinda muitsvo nekuda kwe vesicle-urethral reflux. Munguva iyi, weti inokandwa zvakare muchiuno cheitsvo, sezvo kubuda kwayo kunokanganisa nekuda kwechikonzero chimwe kana chimwe. Kumira kweweti muitsvo kunobatsira pakuti mabhakitiriya anotanga kuwanda mairi, izvo zvinomutsa kukura kwechirwere.

• Kashoma, asi zvichiri kukwanisika kukanganisa itsvo nenzira yehematogenous, apo mabhakitiriya anopinda mavari kuburikidza neropa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekuzvimba.

• Ngozi yekukura kwechirwere ichi inowedzera kana ureters yakavharwa nedombo kana kuvharwa ne prostate yakakura.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere

Zviratidzo zveacute uye zvisingaperi pyelonephritis zvichasiyana.

Zviratidzo zvinoratidza danho rakaoma rechirwere:

• Kamwe-kamwe kukura kwechirwere nekutanga kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri kusvika kumazinga akakwirira (kusvika 39-40 ° C).

• Murwere anotsvaira zvakanyanya, chido chake chinopera, kushaya simba kunowedzera.

• Musoro unogona kuperekedzwa nekusvotwa uye kunyange kurutsa.

• Marwadzo anoonekwa munharaunda yelumbar. Vanogona kuve nekusimba kwakasiyana, kazhinji kunowanikwa kune rimwe divi.

• Weti inoita makore uye inogona kutsvuka.

• Kuongororwa kweropa kunoratidza kuwedzera kwemasero machena eropa uye ESR.

Kana iri chisingaperi pyelonephritis, kazhinji haina asymptomatic uye inoitika kuseri kweiyo undertreated acute pyelonephritis. Munhu angave ane utera uye malaise, chido chake chinowedzera, misoro inowanzoonekwa. Dzimwe nguva munharaunda ye lumbar kune manzwiro ekusagadzikana. Kana chirwere ichi chikasara pasina kurapwa kwakakodzera, zvino pakupedzisira murwere achakura renal kukundikana.

mabatiro

Kana pyelonephritis ikaitika nenzira isina kuoma, ipapo murwere anoratidzwa kurapwa kwekuchengetedza mudhipatimendi reurological rechipatara. Anodiwa kuti atore mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, iyo inosarudzwa ichifunga nezvekunzwa kwe microflora yakaonekwa mumuyedzo weti. Kurapa kunofanira kutanga nemushonga une simba guru. Izvi zvinogona kuva antibacterial agents kubva kuboka re cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones. Ampicillin inoshandiswa kurapa pyelonephritis zvishoma uye zvishoma.

Mukufanana, murwere anoratidzwa detoxification therapy, kudya neprotein yakaderera muzvokudya inorayirwa. Mushure mekunge tembiricha yemuviri yadzokera kune yakajairika, murwere anotamirwa kune yakajairika kudya nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemvura.

Kana chikonzero chekukura kwechirwere chiri kukanganisa kwekubuda kwemuti, saka inofanira kubviswa, mushure mokunge ma antibiotics anorayirwa, immunotherapy inoitwa. Kazhinji, kudzorerwa kwekufamba kweweti kunoitwa nenzira yekushanda (kubviswa kwematombo kubva muitsvo, nephroplexy, kubviswa kweprostate adenoma, nezvimwewo).

Kana iri chirwere chisingaperi chechirwere, kurapwa kunovakwa maererano nechirongwa chimwechete, asi chakareba. Makosi mapfupi emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya anonyorerwa vanhu vane chisingaperi pyelonephritis kunyangwe mushure mekuregererwa kwakasimba kwave kuwanikwa.

Chirwere cheitsvo: glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis chirwere chinotapukira cheitsvo chine chironda chekutanga che renal glomeruli. Zvakare, iyo renal tubules uye interstitium inobatanidzwa muiyo pathological process. Pathology inogona kuve yekutanga, kana inogona kukura inopesana nemashure ezvimwe zvirwere zve systemic.

Kazhinji, vana vanotambura ne glomerulonephritis, chirwere ichi chiri munzvimbo yechipiri mushure mehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana. Mukuwedzera, iyo glomerulonephritis iyo kakawanda kupfuura dzimwe zvirwere zveurological zvinotungamirira kukuremara, sezvo inotsamwisa kukura kwepakutanga kwekukundikana kwetsvo.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere

Zviratidzo zveacute glomerulonephritis zvinoratidzwa mune zvinotevera zvitatu zvezviratidzo:

• Kuderera muhuwandu hweweti yakasvibiswa, kuonekwa kweropa mairi. Sezvo mutemo, muwandu weti yakaparadzaniswa inoderera mumazuva matatu ekutanga kubva pakatanga chirwere, uye inodzokera kune yakajairika. Kana iri kusvibiswa kweropa, kazhinji kacho hakuna zvakawanda zvayo, macrohematuria inonyanya kushomeka.

• Kuonekwa kwe edema. Chiso chinoputika, chinonyanya kuoneka mangwanani.

• Kuwedzera kweBP. Ichi chiratidzo chinoonekwa mu60% yevarwere. Uyezve, muhuduku inotsamwisa akasiyana pathologies yemoyo nemidziyo yeropa.

Kana chirwere ichi chichikura muhuduku, saka kazhinji chinopfuurira nekukurumidza uye chinopera nekupora kwakakwana kwemurwere. Mukukura, kunyange acute glomerulonephritis inogona kuva nemifananidzo yekiriniki isina kujeka, iyo inobatsira mukusagadzikana kwechirwere.

Dzimwe nguva fever, chills, kurasikirwa kwechido, kushaya simba uye kurwadziwa munharaunda ye lumbar zvinogoneka. Chronic glomerulonephritis inowanzodzoka zvakare, iyo inowanzoitika mumatsutso uye muchirimo.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Zvikonzero zvinotevera zve glomerulonephritis zvinogona kusiyaniswa:

• Streptococcal chirwere cheacute kana chisingaperi kosi. Angina, tonsillitis, pneumonia, streptoderma, scarlet fever inogona kutungamirira kukura kwechirwere chetsvo.

• Dzimwe nguva chikonzero chekuzvimba kweitsvo ndeye gwirikwiti, kufema kwehutachiona hwehutachiona uye chickenpox.

• Yakareba hypothermia yemuviri, kunyanya pasi pemamiriro ekunyorova kwepamusoro, kazhinji inotungamirira kukura kwechirwere. Muchiitiko ichi, vanachiremba vanodana glomerulonephritis "mugero".

• Pane humbowo hwekuti chirwere ichi chinogona kukura chinopesana nemashure e toxoplasmosis uye meningitis.

Kana iri streptococcal infection, havasi vose vanokonzera chirwere chetsvo, iyo inonzi nephritogenic strains yebhakitiriya.

mabatiro

Kurapa kweglomerulonephritis kuva nekosi yakaoma kunoitwa muchipatara. Murwere anokurudzirwa tafura yezvokudya nhamba 7 uye zororo rakasimba remubhedha. Mukufanana, kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoitwa, kusanganisira: Penicillin, Ampiox, Erythromycin.

Vese varwere vane glomerulonephritis vanoratidzwa kugadzirisa kusadzivirirwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mishonga yehomoni inorayirwa - Prednisolone uye isiri-hormonal drugs - Imuran Cyclophosphamide. Kuti ubvise kuzvimba, Voltaren inokurudzirwa. Kana zvichidikanwa, varwere vanotemerwa diuretics kuderedza kuzvimba, uye zvakare kuita kurapa kwakanangana nekugadzirisa BP.

Kana iri chirwere chisingaperi chechirwere, chinorapwa maererano nechirongwa chakafanana, asi kwenguva yakareba. Munguva yekuregererwa, varwere vanoratidzwa kurapa sanatorium uye kucherechedzwa kwemakore maviri nenephrologist.

Chirwere cheitsvo: itsvo kusashanda zvakanaka

Acute renal kukundikana kukanganisa kwekushanda kweitsvo, iyo mune dzimwe nguva inogona kuchinjwa. Iyo pathology inoratidzirwa nekududzwa kana kumisa kumira kwenhengo. Mabasa ese anoitwa neitsvo anotambura: excretory, secretory, filtration.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Zvinokonzera acute renal kukundikana zvakawanda.

Zviri nyore kuzvifunga kuburikidza nemafomu eiyi pathology:

• Kuderedza kuputika kwemwoyo nekuda kwekushaya simba kwemoyo, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kutungamirira kune prerenal renal kukundikana, iyo inoperekedzwa neacute hemodynamic disorder. Kubuda ropa kwakanyanya, manyoka akanyanya nekupererwa kwemvura mumuviri, ascites, uye kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kumutsa chimiro chechirwere ichi. muviri. Anaphylactic uye bacteriotoxic shock inowanzokonzera kutadza kweitsvo.

• Renal chimiro cheacute renal kukundikana kunotungamirira kune ischemia yezvinyama zveitsvo, kana kukuvara kwayo kune chepfu (kana chepfu ine chepfu, simbi inorema, kana uchitora nephrotoxic zvinodhaka). Zvimwe zvishoma kazhinji, chikonzero kuzvimba itsvo, doro kana zvinodhaka coma, itsvo kukuvara, achiperekedzwa nekudzvinyirirwa kwenguva refu kwenyama yenhengo. 

• Kuvharika kwakanyanya (kuvharika) kweurinary turakiti kunounza kukundikana kwerenal renal. Inogona kuitika nekuda kweurolithiasis, nemamota eprostate uye dundira, nehutachiona hwehutachiwana.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere

Zviratidzo zveacute renal kukundikana zvinoitika muzvikamu zvina zvikuru, zvinosanganisira:

• Munhu haaone zviratidzo zvehutano zvinoratidza kukanganisa kwekushanda kweitsvo panguva yekuratidzwa kwechirwere, sezvo zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hunouya mberi. Zvichida kuitika kwekushaya simba, kurara, kurasikirwa kwechido. Asi zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nekuratidzwa kwechirwere che etiological.

• Kuwanda kwemvura yakasvibiswa kunotanga kuderera, murwere anoita manyoka, kurutsa. Munhu anova anodziviswa, anoda kurara, kukura kwekoma kunogoneka. Dzimwe nhengo dzinowanzotambura, kusanganisira mwoyo, pancreas. Kubudirira kwe sepsis uye pneumonia hakusi kunze. Danho iri rinonzi oligoanuric. Zvinotora anenge mavhiki maviri.

• Kana pasina matambudziko echirwere, ipapo munhu wacho anotanga kupora zvishoma nezvishoma. Nhamba yeweti yakasvibiswa inowedzera, mvura-munyu yemuviri inodzokera kune yakajairika.

• Acute renal failure inopera nekupora kwemurwere. Danho iri rakareba uye rinogona kutora kusvika gore rimwechete. Munguva iyi, pane kudzorerwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwemabasa ose emuviri.

mabatiro

Kurapa kweacute renal kukundikana kunoitirwa kunyanya kubvisa chikonzero chakakonzera kukura kwechirwere. Mukufanana, matanho anotorwa kuti ajaire kudzvanywa, kuzadza mavhoriyamu akarasika emvura. Kana zvichidikanwa, murwere anoshambidzwa nematumbu.

Nzira ye extracorporeal hemocorrection inokubvumira kuchenesa muviri wezvinhu zvine chepfu zvakaunganidza nekuda kwekuvhiringidza kwetsvo. Hemocorrection inosanganisira hemosorption uye plasmapheresis.

Kana chipingamupinyi chiri chikonzero chekusashanda kwetsvo, zvino inobviswa kuvhiyiwa.

Kugadzirisa diuresis, Furosemide uye osmotic diuretics inoratidzwa. Varwere vanoda kudya kwakaderera muprotein uye kunogumira mu potassium. Kana zvichidikanwa, murwere anorayirwa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, asi muyero wavo unofanirwa kusarudzwa nekuchenjerera kukuru.

Hemodialysis inoitwa senzira inodzivirira kukura kwezvinetso zvakakomba. Mazuva ano urological maitiro anoshingaira anoshandisa iyo kunyange mumatanho ekutanga ekuvandudzwa kweacute renal kukundikana, pamwe chete nechinangwa chekudzivirira. 

Chirwere cheitsvo: urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis)

Urolithiasis chirwere chinoperekedzwa nekuumbwa kweitsvo matombo (kuumbwa kwavo mudundira nedzimwe nhengo hazvibviswi). Chirwere chacho chakapararira, chinogona kuratidza chero zera, asi inowanzoonekwa kune vanhu vane makore 25-50.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Zvikonzero zvekuumbwa kwematombo eitsvo zvinoenderana nekuita kwekristalllization weti.

Zvinhu zvinokurudzira zvinogona kuva:

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Kusateera nehutongi hwekunwa, kunyanya kana uchigara munzvimbo dzinopisa dzekunze. Izvo zvine ngozi kugara uchinwa mvura ine yakakwirira ye calcium salts mukati mayo, pamwe nekupindwa muropa kune spicy, mafuta uye munyu chikafu.

• Kupera kwemvura mumuviri nekuda kwezvirwere zvinoperekedzwa nekurutsa uye manyoka.

• Avitaminosis, kunyanya, kushayikwa kwevhitamini D uye vhitamini A mumuviri.

• Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri: osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, hyperparathyroidism, zvirwere zvegastrointestinal turakiti (gastritis, maronda, colitis), zvirwere zveurinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis, nephrotuberculosis), pamwe neprostatitis uye prostate adenoma. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu anovhiringidza kubuda kwakajairika kweweti kune ngozi.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere

Zviratidzo zveurolithiasis zveitsvo zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwematombo, nhamba yavo uye kuumbwa. Zviratidzo zvikuru zvechirwere ndezvi:

• Marwadzo ekusiyana kwekusimba nekugara munharaunda ye lumbar;

• Renal colic;

• ropa muweti;

• Pus muweti;

• Dzimwe nguva dombo reitsvo rinopfuura roga pamwe chete neweti.

Panguva imwecheteyo, vanenge 15% yevarwere havatombofungi kuti vane matombo eitsvo, sezvo vasingazviratidzi ivo nenzira ipi zvayo.

mabatiro

Pane nzira mbiri dzekurapa matombo eitsvo: kuchengetedza uye kuvhiya. Zvisinei, vose vari vaviri vane chinangwa chavo chokubvisa matombo kubva munhengo.

Kana murwere ane dombo duku, risingapfuuri 3 mm muhuwandu, zvino anokurudzirwa kunwa mvura yakawanda uye kudya kudya kunze kwezvokudya zvenyama.

Kana ibwe racho riine urate, saka iwe unofanirwa kutevera kudya nekusimbiswa kwezvinwiwa zvemukaka uye zvokudya zvemiti yakabva, zvakakosha kunwa mineral water (alkaline). Acdic mineral water inokurudzirwa kune phosphate matombo. Mukuwedzera, zvinokwanisika kupa mishonga inobatsira kuputsa matombo, pamwe chete ne diuretics uye nitrofurans. Zvisinei, kurapwa kwakadaro kunogona kuitwa chete nenephrologist.

Kana murwere akabvumirwa nerenal colic, ipapo Baralgin, Platifillin kana Pantopon inotumirwa kwaari nokukurumidza kubvisa marwadzo. Novocaine blockade ye spermatic cord kana round ligament yechibereko, zvichienderana nehutano hwemurwere, inoitwa kana renal colic isingaendi nekutungamirirwa kwemarwadzo.

Kuvhiyiwa kunokosha kana pane nguva dzose renal colic, pyelonephritis inokura, ureterral stricture, kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisidzira hutano hwemurwere.

Chirwere cheitsvo: hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis is atrophy of the renal tissue, iyo inokura nekuda kwekuwedzera kwepyelocaliceal complex, iyo inokonzerwa nekuputsika kwekufamba kweweti. Pasi pemakore makumi matanhatu, vakadzi vanonyanya kubatwa nechirwere ichi, asi mushure memakore makumi matanhatu, pathology inowanzoonekwa muvarume. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukura kweprostate adenoma kana kenza yeprostate.

Atrophy yenephrons uye tubules yeitsvo ndiyo mhedzisiro yechirwere. Inotanga nechokwadi chokuti nekuda kwezvinetso nekubuda kwemuti, kudzvinyirira mu ureter kunowedzera, basa rekusefa rinotambura, uye kubuda kweropa kwenhengo kunovhiringidzika.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Zvikonzero zve hydronephrosis ndezvi:

• Kuvapo kwebundu, polyp, matombo kana kuvhara ropa muureter.

• Zvirwere zvefungal zve urethra.

• Zvirwere zve urethra (tuberculosis, endometriosis, nezvimwewo), maitiro ayo uye diverticula.

• Kenza yeCervical, kubereka, uterine prolapse, ovarian cyst, prostate tumor, aortic aneurysm mu peritoneum, anomalies munzvimbo ye renal artery.

• Urolithiasis, diverticulum yedundira, chibvumirano chemutsipa wayo, vesicoureteral reflux uye mamwe pathologies enhengo iyi.

• Congenital kuvharidzirwa kweurinary turakiti, kushungurudzika kwavo uye kuzvimba.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere

Zviratidzo zve hydronephrosis zvinoenderana nekuti munhu anga avharika kwenguva yakareba sei muurinary tract uye chii chakonzera dambudziko.

Izvo zvinotevera zvingasarudzwa zvekuvandudza mufananidzo wekiriniki zvinogoneka:

• Kukura kwakanyanya kwechirwere kunoratidzwa mukurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwechiuno neruzha rwavo mugodhi, perineum uye genital. Weti inowedzera uye inorwadza. Nausea uye kunyange kurutsa zvinogona kuitika. Ropa rinowanzowanikwa muropa.

• Iyo yakadzikama nzira yechirwere inowanzoonekwa ne unilateral aseptic hydronephrosis. Panogona kunge paine kurwadziwa kwemusana kudiki kunowedzera mushure mekuita maekisesaizi. Mukuwedzera, munhu anotanga kushandisa mvura yakawanda. Sezvo chirwere chinofambira mberi, kuneta kusingaperi kunobatana, kuwedzera kweropa kunokwira.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vanhu vane hydronephrosis vanosarudza kurara nedumbu panguva yekuzorora kweusiku. Izvi zvinovandudza kubuda kweweti kubva kuitsvo inorwara, sezvo inotungamirira pakugoverazve kwekumanikidzwa mukati medumbu remudumbu.

Anomalies mukukura kweitsvo

itsvo nephroptosis

Kidney nephroptosis inoratidzirwa nekufamba kwepathological yenhengo nekutama kwayo kweanopfuura 2 cm ine nzvimbo yakatwasuka yemuviri uye anopfuura 3 cm nekumanikidzwa kufema.

• Zvikonzero zvenephroptosis zvinogona kunge zvakakonzerwa nekuderera kwemusuru toni yemudumbu wepadumbu, hypermobility yemajoini. Pane zvinhu zvine njodzi pabasa. Saka, vatyairi, vagadziri vebvudzi, vanovhiya, vanotakura zvinhu vanonyanya kubatwa nephroptosis, iyo inokonzerwa nekurebesa kushushikana kwemuviri uri munzvimbo imwe, kana kugara uchizunguzika. Izvo zvinokwanisika kukudziridza pathology nekuda kweakasiyana skeletal anomalies, semuenzaniso, mukusavapo kwe vertebrae. Dzimwe nguva nephroptosis inoitika kuvakadzi vanotakura mwana mukuru.

• Zviratidzo zvenephroptosis zvinoratidzwa mukukweva marwadzo anopenya kudumbu. Apo itsvo inodzokera panzvimbo yayo, kurwadziwa kunopera. Zvichida kuumbwa kwerenal colic, kuvhiringidzika kwegumbo rekudya, neurasthenia nekuda kwekurwadziwa kusingaperi kwepelvic. Muchirwere chakakomba, kukura kwekukundikana kwerenal, kuenderera mberi kwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hunogoneka.

• Kuchengetedza kurapwa nekupfeka mabhandeji akakosha, kuita maekisesaizi egymnastic uye nekudya kunovaka muviri kunotemerwa nephroptosis nyoro. Kana iyo pathology yakaoma uye inotungamirira kumatambudziko akakomba mukushanda kwetsvo nedzimwe nhengo, ipapo kurapwa kwekuvhiya kunokosha. Kuvhiya kunonzi "nephrpexy", kunosanganisira kudzorera itsvo kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga nekuzogadziriswa kwenhengo kune zvivakwa zviri pedyo.

Polycystic itsvo chirwere

Chirwere chepolycystic itsvo chinoreva kusakwana kwekuzvarwa mukukura kwenhengo uye inoratidzwa nekuumbwa kwema cysts akawanda mavari. Itsvo mbiri dzinogara dzichibatanidzwa mune pathological process.

• Zvikonzero zvechirwere chepolycystic itsvo zvinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwemajini kwakagarwa nhaka mune autosomal domain.

• Zviratidzo zvechirwere muvana vachangoberekwa zvinokura nokukurumidza uye zvinotungamirira kurufu rwemwana. Mukukura, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinokura zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinoratidzirwa nekukanganiswa kweitsvo zvishoma nezvishoma nemhando yekusingaperi renal kukundikana.

• Kurapa kwechirwere chepolycystic itsvo kunoderedzwa kuva chiratidzo chekurapa. Kuti abvise zvirwere, antibacterial drugs uye uroseptic agents anoshandiswa. Zvakakosha kubatanidzwa mukudzivirira kwechirwere chetsvo: unoda kurega basa rakaoma remuviri, kutevera kudya, kuita mukubvisa panguva yakakodzera yefoci yechirwere chisingaperi. Padanho rekupedzisira renal kukundikana, mubvunzo wekuisirwa nhengo inomuka. Hemodialysis inokurudzirwa kuchengetedza muviri kushanda.

Kidney dystopia

Kidney dystopia kukanganisa kwenzvimbo yavo. Iyi inomaly inoreva kusakwana kwekuzvarwa. Idzo itsvo dzinogona kuve dzakaderera, dzinogona kutamiswa mukati me pelvic cavity, muchipfuva, nezvimwe.

• Chikonzero cheitsvo dystopia ndeye anomalies mukukura kwe fetus kunoitika panguva yekukura kwe fetus.

• Zviratidzo zve dystopia zvingasazviratidze nenzira ipi zvayo, asi zvinogona kuratidzwa mukurwadziwa kwechiuno. Nzvimbo yekugoverwa kwavo inoenderana nekuti itsvo dziripi chaizvo.

• Kurapa kunongogumira pakurapa kwekuchengetedza, iyo yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kukura kwehutachiona hweitsvo, pamwe nekuumbwa kwematombo mavari. Kuvhiya kubvisa itsvo kunoitwa kana yafa.

Bundu rakashata reitsvo

Chirwere chakaipa chetsvo iboka rose rezvirwere zvinobatanidza kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kwakashata kwetsvo. Pakati pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvirwere zveoncological, kenza yetsvo inowanikwa mu2-3% yezviitiko. Kazhinji, vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mana vanotambura nechirwere ichi.

Zvinokonzera

Zvinokonzera bundu rakashata reitsvo zvinokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira:

• Gene mutations.

• Hereditary predisposition.

• Tsika dzakaipa.

• Kusadzora kutorwa kwezvinodhaka (mahomoni, diuretics, analgesics).

• Chisingaperi renal kukundikana, polycystic itsvo chirwere, nephrosclerosis siyana etiologies.

• Carcinogenic chepfu yemuviri, kuratidzwa nemwaranzi.

• Kukuvara kweitsvo.

zviratidzo

Kazhinji kazhinji, zviratidzo zvebundu rakashata reitsvo hazviratidzi ivo pachavo. The asymptomatic course hunhu hwematanho ekutanga ekukura kwechirwere.

Pazvinenge zvichifambira mberi, murwere anotanga zviratidzo zvitatu zvinotevera:

• Kusachena kweropa muweti.

• Marwadzo munharaunda yelumbar.

• Kuonekwa kwebundu rinogona kubatwa.

Zvinonzwisisika, zviratidzo zvose zvitatu zvichaonekwa panguva imwe chete mumatanho ekupedzisira ekukura kwechirwere. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvechirwere chakaipa chetsvo ndezvi: fivha, kurasikirwa kwechido, kuzvimba kwezasi, dystrophy, nezvimwewo.

mabatiro

Kurapa kwebundu rakashata reitsvo kunoderedzwa kusvika pakuvhiya kubviswa kweiyo neoplasm. Inoshandiswa kune kunyange mumatanho ekupedzisira ekukura kwechirwere uye pamberi pemetastases. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwemurwere uye uvandudze hutano hwayo.

Resection yeitsvo kana kubviswa kwepasi rose kwenhengo kunoshandiswa. Seimwe nzira yekuwedzera yekurapa iyo inowedzera kushanda kwekushanda, immunotherapy, chemotherapy uye chinangwa chekurapa chinoshandiswa. Palliative kurapwa kunoitwa neyakakura metastasis yebundu kune lymph nodes.