Saudade izwi rechiPutukezi rinoreva kunzwa kusava nechinhu kunokonzerwa nedaro rakaiswa nemunhu waunoda. Naizvozvo kunzwa kwekushaiwa, kwenzvimbo kana munhu, kwenguva. Izwi rakakweretwa kubva kutsika yechiPutukezi, iko zvino rave kushandiswa zvakanyanya muchiFrench, kunyangwe risingakwanise kushandurwa, sezvo manzwiro aanotaura akaoma kunzwisisa.

Etymologicalment, nostalgia kunobva latin rinorega, uye inoratidza manzwiro akaoma kusanganiswa panguva imwe chete melancholy, nostalgia uye tariro. Kuonekwa kwekutanga kweizwi iri kwaizobva kumakore ekuma1200, mumabhora echiPutukezi troubadours. Yakadzika midzi mutsika dzechiPutukezi, ndiyo hwaro hwengano zhinji dzakadai saDom Sebastiao.

Iri izwi rinomutsa musanganiswa wemanzwiro anotapira uye anovava, apo tinorangarira nguva dzakapedzwa, kazhinji nemudiwa, watinoziva kuti achave akaoma kuona zvichiitika zvakare. Asi tariro inoramba iripo.

Iko hakuna izwi rechiFrench rakafanana nekushandura izwi rekuti "saudade" kubva muchiPutukezi, uye nechikonzero chakanaka: zvakaoma kuwana izwi rinobatanidza zvese zvinofadza ndangariro uye kutambura kwakabatana nekusagutsikana, kuzvidemba, uchisangana nayo tariro isingagoneki. . Ishoko rinonyandura muvhenganiswa unoshamisa wemirangariro inopokanidzana mundangariro yenguva yakapfuura, mavambo ayo aisagona kuzivikanwa nenyanzvi dzemitauro.

Mumwe munyori wechiPutukezi, Manuel de Melo, akakwanirisa saudade nemashoko aya: “Bem que se padece y mal que se disfruta”; zvichireva kuti “chakanaka chinowanikwa nechakaipa chinowanikwa”, izvo zvinopfupisa zvinoreva izwi rimwechete rokuti saudade.

Nekudaro, izwi iri rinogona kuve nemanuances akawanda uye zvirevo zvekuti vanyori vakati wandei kana vadetembi vakapa yavo pfungwa yekuti chii chinonzi saudade. Semuenzaniso, Fernando Pessoa, munyori ane mukurumbira wechiPutukezi, akaitsanangura se "nhetembo yefado". Zvisinei, vose vanobvumirana kuona mushoko iri chido chakanyanya, zvishoma sezwi rokuti "spleen", rakaitwa mukurumbira naBaudelaire.

Fado imhando yechiPutukezi yemimhanzi, kukosha uye kufarirwa kwayo muPortugal kwakakosha. Muchivanhu, mukadzi anoimba, achiperekedzwa negitare retambo gumi nembiri, rinoridzwa nevarume vaviri. Kuburikidza nemhando yemimhanzi iyi iyo saudade yaiwanzoratidzwa, muzvinyorwa zvevadetembi nevaimbi. Mune zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi izvi, munhu anogona kumutsa chishuvo chekare, vanhu vakashaikwa, vakarasika rudo, mamiriro evanhu uye manzwiro ekuchinja nekufamba kwenguva. Kuimba manzwiro aya kunoita kuti vateereri vanyatsonzwisisa zvinoreva saudade. Ndiyo nzira yekutaura inobatanidzwa neshoko iri, nenhoroondo yetsika dzechiPutukezi. Kunyange zvazvo izwi iri rakanyanyisa chiPutukezi uye risingakwanisi kududzira, saka rinoramba richiwanikwa kune wese munhu, anokwanisa kuverenga nemoyo manzwiro anoratidzwa nemuimbi wefado, saAmalia Rodrigues, muimbi anozivikanwa uye akatakura nezwi rake. izere nemanzwiro fado pasi rose, uye nokudaro ruzivo rwesaudade.

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzemitauro, vazivi, nyanzvi dzefilosofi nevanyori vakaedza mumabhuku nemanovhero kuti vakwanise saudade. Adelino Braz, muIyo isingashanduki mubvunzo: kudzidza saudade, inokodzera izwi iri se "makakatanwa pakati pevanopesana": kune rumwe rutivi kunzwa kwekushaikwa, kune rumwe rutivi tariro uye chido chekuwanazve. zvatinoshaya.

Mutauro wechiPutukezi unoshandisa izwi rokuti "kuva nemasaudades", chinhu chinogona kuva mudiwa, nzvimbo, nyika yakafanana nehuduku.

“Ndine zvakaitika kare,” Pessoa anosimbisa kudaro mutsamba yake, “masaudades bedzi avanhu vakarasika, vandaida; haisiriyo saudade yenguva yandaivada, asi saudade chaiyo yevanhu ava ”.

Sekureva kwaInês Oseki-Dépré mubhuku rake La Saudade, chiPutukezi kwakabva nostalgia yaizobatanidzwa nekukunda kwekutanga muAfrica. Zvinoshandiswa neshoko iri nostalgia kuti vagari vakaratidza manzwiro avo kunyika yekwavo kubva kuMadeira, Alcazarquivir, Arcila, Tangier, Cape Verde neThe Azores.

Chekupedzisira, kunzwa uku kwesaudade kunounza mukutamba hukama hwakaenzana, zvese zvakapfuura uye zvazvino. Tinofara kuvapo munguva yakapfuura, uye tine urombo kuti takapfuura iye zvino.

Pakupedzisira, saudade imhedziso yekufungidzira, musanganiswa wemanzwiro anonzwika munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepfungwa dzedu, apo rudo rwakapfuura, asi ruchiripo.