Matambudziko emutauro anosanganisira kuvhiringika kwese kunokanganisa kukwanisa kwemunhu kutaura asiwo kutaura. Dzinogona kuva dzepfungwa kana dzemuviri (neurological, physiological, etc.), kutaura kunetseka, asiwo semantics (kuoma kuyeuka shoko rakarurama, zvinoreva mazwi, nezvimwewo).

Musiyano unowanzoitwa pakati pekusagadzikana kwemutauro kunoitika muvana, kunova kuvhiringika kana kunonoka mukutora mutauro, uye kusagadzikana kunobata vanhu vakuru nenzira yechipiri (mushure mekurova, semuenzaniso, kana mushure mekurova. trauma). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu che5% chevana vezera rimwe chete vane matambudziko ekukura kwemutauro.

Matambudziko emutauro nezvikonzero zvawo zvakasiyana-siyana. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi:

• aphasia (kana mutism): kurasikirwa kwekukwanisa kutaura kana kunzwisisa mutauro, kunyora kana kutaura
• dysphasia: mutauro wekukura kusagadzikana muvana, kunyorwa uye kutaurwa
• Dysarthria: kuvhiringika kwemajoini nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kweuropi kana kukuvadzwa kwenhengo dzekutaura dzakasiyana-siyana
• stuttering: kutaura kuyerera kusagadzikana (kudzokorora uye kuvhara, kazhinji pasyllable yekutanga yemashoko)
• buccofacial apraxia: kusagadzikana mukufamba kwemuromo, rurimi uye tsandanyama zvinokutendera kuti utaure zvakajeka.
• dyslexia: kusagadzikana mutauro wakanyorwa
• la spasmodic dysphonia : kukanganiswa kwezwi kunokonzerwa nekuputika kwevocal cords (laryngeal dystonia)
• Dysphonia: dambudziko rezwi (inzwi rakashoshoma, inzwi risingakodzeri renzwi kana kusimba, nezvimwewo)

Matambudziko emutauro nekutaura anounganidza pamwechete masangano mazhinji ane zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.

Aya matambudziko anogona kuve nekwakabva mupfungwa, tsandanyama kana neurological kwakabva, cerebral, nezvimwe.

Naizvozvo hazvibviri kunyora ese pathologies anogona kukanganisa mutauro.

Muvana, kunonoka kwemutauro uye kusagadzikana kunogona kubatanidzwa, pakati pezvimwe:

• kusanzwa kana kurasikirwa nekunzwa
• attachment kusagadzikana kana psychoaffective deficiencies
• kuremara kwenhengo dzokutaura
• zvisingawanzo zvirwere zvetsinga kana kukuvara kwehuropi
• neurodevelopmental disorders (autism)
• kushomeka kwenjere
• kune chikonzero chisingazivikanwi (kazhinji)

Muvakuru kana vana vanorasikirwa nekugona kutaura zvavanoda, zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika ndezvi (pakati pezvimwe):

• psychological shock kana kuvhunduka
• tsaona yecerebral vascular
• head trauma
• bundu repfungwa
• chirwere chetsinga senge: multiple sclerosis, chirwere cheParkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementias ...
• kuoma mitezo kana kupera simba kwemhasuru dzechiso
• Chirwere cheRyme
• kenza yelarynx (inokanganisa inzwi)
• benign maronda ezwi (nodule, polyp, nezvimwewo)

Mutauro ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakutaurirana. Zvinetso mukuwana mutauro uye muunyanzvi hwawo zvinogona, muvana, kushandura kusimukira kwehunhu hwavo nekwaniso dzenjere, kukanganisa kubudirira kwavo muzvidzidzo, kubatana kwavo munzanga, nezvimwe.

Muvanhu vakuru, kurasikirwa kweunyanzvi hwemutauro, kutevera chinetso chetsinga, somuenzaniso, kwakaoma zvikuru kurarama. Izvi zvinogona kumubvisa kubva kune avo vakamupoteredza uye kumukurudzira kuti azviparadzanise, zvichikanganisa kusashanda kwake uye hukama hwevanhu.

 Kakawanda, kuitika kwehutano hwemutauro mumunhu mukuru chiratidzo chechirwere chetsinga kana kukanganisa kweuropi: saka zvakakosha kunetseka uye kubvunzurudza pakarepo, kunyanya kana kuchinjwa kuchiitika kamwe kamwe.

Matambudziko emutauro anounza pamwe masangano mazhinji uye pathologies: yekutanga mhinduro ndeyekuwana kuongororwa, kungave kuchipatara kana kubva kumurapi wekutaura.

Muzviitiko zvese izvi, muvana, kutevera mukurapa kwekutaura kuchaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana ongororo yakakwana inozopa kurudziro yekudzoreredza uye kurapwa.

Kana chirwere chacho chiri munyoro (lisp, kushaya mazwi), zvingava zvakakodzera kumirira, kunyanya mumwana muduku.

Muvanhu vakuru, cerebral kana neurological pathologies inotungamira mukukanganisika kwemitauro inofanirwa kutungamirwa neakasarudzika zvikwata zvakasiyana. Rehabilitation inowanzovandudza mamiriro acho ezvinhu, kunyanya mushure mekurohwa.