Lard

ziviso

Lard ndicho chigadzirwa chakakurumbira muour country munyika. Ivo vanomuda zvakanyanya muRussia futi. Asi vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti yaive isinganyanyo kufarirwa pakati pevaRussia: pamusoro peiyo geographic geographic inopfuura neSmolensk, Tula, Penza neSamara, havana kuidya.

Uye chete munguva yeSoviet, pakanga paine musanganiswa wevanhu, Lard, pamwe nevatorwa, vakapararira munyika yese ndokudanana nevanhu vese mukati mayo.

History

Iyo yechinyakare yakanyorwa tsika yekugadzira mafuta emafuta yakavapo kubvira mazuva ekare eRoma kuchamhembe kweItaly. Semazuva ekare, vasina kushandura mabikirwo, ivo vachiri kugadzira marudzi maviri eLard - "Lardo di Colonata" uye "Lard d'Arna".

Asi chaizvo, mafuta enguruve aidiwa munyika zhinji. VaBalkan Slavs vakamudana "slanina", maPolesi akaitumidza "slon", maGerman akaitumidza "speck", muUSA - "fatback" (mafuta kubva kumashure). Uye zvakare, mafura akange achizivikanwawo semafuta akanyungudika, ayo ane kusagadzikana kwetirairi.

Kana ichinge yakasanganiswa nekutsemurwa uye ikawarikwa pachingwa nhema, sezvavanoita muTranscarpathia neGerman, zvinongonaka chete. Uye kwemazana emakore mazhinji, vanhu vakafunga mafuta enguruve sechigadzirwa chinonaka uye chine hutano. Uye mune kwesainzi mabasa ekurapa kumashure muma1930. muU.SA, yainzi imwe yemafuta ane hutano. Nhasi muUnited States, mafuta enguruve akadzimwa kubva muhupenyu zvakawandisa, haupo ipapo. Uye iyo yepasi rose inotenda kuti ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikafu zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya.

Yakapihwa mutongo mukutanga kwema1960, apo United States payakazivisa hondo necholesterol: mafuta emhuka, uye pamusoro pezvose mafuro, zvaionekwa senzvimbo huru. Muna 1995, apo Juru rakange raenda uye majarini ane mafuta akachinja akachinja zvachose, zvakangoerekana zvabuda pachena kuti pakanga pasina chimwe chinhu chine njodzi kupfuura aya mafuta emafuta. Ivo vakasimudzira kukura kweatherosclerosis, chirwere chemwoyo uye kurohwa, uye mamwe marudzi ekenza.

Chokwadi nezve cholesterol

Mune magiramu zana emafuta pane chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekosha yezuva nezuva yechinhu ichi. Asi, kutanga, haina ngozi senge yedu cholesterol yakagadziriswa muchiropa. Kechipiri, pane yakawanda choline muLard, uye inoderedza zvinokuvadza zvecholesterol uye inodzivirira tsinga dzeropa. Saka mafuta enguruve haana kukuvadza sezvakaunzwa kwatiri kwenguva yakareba. Mune muyero doses (zvakaringana 100-30 g pazuva), zvinobatsira kwazvo.

Pane imwezve nharo ine simba yemafuta - yakakwana pakubika. Uye kunyanya kutsvaira, kwagara kuchishandiswa. Mazuva ano ndiro dzinowanzo kukangwa mumafuta emuriwo, kunyanya mumafuta ezuva. Nekudaro, mafuta edu ezuva rezuva, pamwe chete nemafuta ezviyo, ndiwo akaipisisa pane izvi. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mukuyedza kwaPurofesa Martin Grutveld kubva kuYunivhesiti yeLeicester De Montfort kuUK.

Izvo zvinonzi zvinobatsira polyunsaturated fatty acids emuriwo maoiri anoshanduka kuita anokuvadza zvakanyanya peroxides uye aldehydes panguva yekutsvaira. Ivo vanobatsira mukusimudzira kenza, atherosclerosis, majoini zvirwere, nezvimwewo. Zvakazove zvakanaka kuti furaya mumafuta, uko kune mashoma akadaro anobatsira mafuta acids - uyu muorivhi uye ruomba, hanzi mafuta uye mafuta enguruve. Panguva yepamusoro tembiricha, ivo vanogadzikana, uye semhedzisiro, chepfu aldehydes uye peroxides haina kuumbwa. Muzvinafundo Grutveld vanokurudzira zvakasimba kutsva nemafuta aya.

Ndeipi nguva yakanakisa yenguruve?

Unoziva here kuti inguruve yakanakisa ndeipi? Mangwanani, kwekuseni. Chiropa chedu chinoshanda chinonanzva marita eropa panguva yehusiku, tichiachenesa nemuchetura, uye tinotumira "marara" aya kune bile. Uye mafuta enguruve anobatsira "kudzinga" iri bile mumatumbo mangwanani. Bira, zvakare, ndiyo yakanakisa inosimudzira yemukati motility, zvinoreva kuti inobatsira kubvisa zvese zvisina basa kubva mumuviri.

Saka - ndakave nechikafu chemangwanani chinonaka uye ndikaunza mabhenefiti kumuviri. Imwe nhamo - haudye garikuni mangwanani, hazvigoneke kuti avo vakakukomberedza vagofara nehwema hwegarlic.

Sei mafuta enguruve ari nani kudya negariki? Zvinotendwa kuti kudya mafuta enguruve negariki kunokupa selenium iyo inonyanya kukosha kwatiri, uye panguva imwechete muchimiro chakanyatsoenderana. Uye gariki - iyo imwechete imba yekuchengetera selenium, inoshanda seyakanakisa mudiwa kune mafuro.

Russian Academy yeMedical Sciences inotaura kuti chikamu che80% chevaRussia chakashomeka pachinhu ichi chakakosha, kwete zvisina maturo zvinonzi "zvicherwa zvehupenyu hurefu." Nenzira, kwemakore mazhinji nyaya yanga ichitenderera paInternet kuti chikafu che "vakuru veKremlin" - yekare Politiburo mukutanga kwema80s, yaigara ichisanganisira 30 g yechigadzirwa chinonyanya kukosha mazuva ese.

Aya magiramu makumi matatu ndiwo mukana wakakwana wemunhu mukuru ane hutano.

Zvakanakira mafuta enguruve

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinoshandiswa nemafuta? Mumafuta-akanyunguduka mavhitamini A, E uye D, mune arachidonic acid, inova chikamu chemasero membranes, mune enzymes yemoyo mhasuru. Iyi yakakosha fatty acid "inochinja" immune immune yemuviri wedu kumavirusi uye mabhakitiriya, uye inobatanidzwa mucholesterol metabolism.

Hongu, inowanikwawo mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa, asi semuenzaniso mubhotela yakapetwa kagumi pane yemafuta. Uye kusiyana nemukaka mutsva, apo chiyero che arachidonic acid chinodonha nekukurumidza, mumafuta chinoramba chisingachinji.

Jira uye cholesterol

Iwe uchiri kutya cholesterol uye funga Lard semumwe wevanotsamwisa atherosclerosis? Izvo hazvina maturo. Iko hakuna "yakaipa" kana "yakanaka" cholesterol mundiro, inova yakadaro mumuviri wedu. Pamwe, isu zvechokwadi tichataura nezve cholesterol muzvikafu nguva inotevera.

Uye, nenzira, mafuta enguruve ane 85-90 mg chete yecholesterol pa100 g, mukusiyana nekeke nekirimu kana choux pastry, uko kwayo 150-180 mg, uye zvakanyanya kushomeka kupfuura mazai ezvihuta ane hutano hwakanaka, iri 600 mg. Uye iwe unogona kudzikisira kukuvara kwecholesterol nekudya mafuta emafuta nesaladi yemiriwo mitsva, yakarungwa nemuto wemonimu kana apple cider vhiniga.

Iwe unotya here kuti mafuta enguruve "anorema" chigadzirwa uye haina kunyatso nyudzwa mumuviri wedu? Pasina. Iyo yekunyungudika tembiricha, semuenzaniso, yemakwayana mafuta ari 43-55 madigiri, nyama yemombe ndeye 42-49, asi mafuro ari 29 -35. Uye mafuta ese, iyo yekunyunguduka iyo iri pazasi pemadhigirii makumi matatu nemanomwe, ndiko kuti, padyo netembiricha yemuviri wemunhu, yakanyura zvakakwana, nekuti zviri nyore kusimbisa.

Iwe uchiri kutenda here kuti cellulite inouya kubva kumafuta? Kwete, mafuta haazviunganidzi pamativi nemagaro, hongu, kunze kwekunge iwe uchidya iwo mapaundi. Nekudaro, izvi zvinonetsa kuita, mafuro emombe ndeye chigadzirwa chinogutsa neakafa yakakwana yekuzadza. Chokwadi, vamwe vanokwanisa kuidya zvakanyanya kupfuura zvakajairwa.

Uye, nenzira, zvinokwanisika uye zvakakosha kuti ufure mumafuta, nekuti ine "pozi yeutsi" (iyo tembiricha panotsvawa mafuta) anenge 195 digrii, yakakwira kupfuura mafuta mazhinji emiriwo, ndokuti, nguva yekutsva kupfupikiswa uye zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri zvinoramba zviri mundiro.

Chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chemafuta ndechekuti haina kuunganidza radionuclides, uye helminths haigare mairi.

Iko kukuvadza kubva kumafuta

Kunyanyisa kunwa kwemafuta inzira yakananga yekufutisa uye kusimudzira kweatherosclerosis nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakakwira cholesterol. Inokurudzirwa kudzora mashandisiro ayo (kusvika pakubviswa kwakakwana kubva kuchikafu) kune avo vane matambudziko neropa, moyo uye kugaya.

Chigadzirwa hachifanirwe kunge chakanyanyo-fried kudzivirira kuumbwa kwecarcinogen. Ive nekuchenjerera nesarudzo yako - mhuka dzinofanirwa kurerwa munzvimbo dzine hushamwari.

Mafuta erutsi anokuvadza here? Zvirokwazvo! Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nezviri mukati mehuwandu hwakawanda hwecarcinogen. Iyi haisi chete nzira yechisikigo yekusvuta, asiwo kushandiswa kweutsi hwemvura.

Hatifanirwe kukanganwa nezve yakakwira koriori zvemukati wechigadzirwa: 797 kcal pa100 g. Aya ndiwo avhareji ezuva nezuva echinyakare, akatorwa kumafuta uye anodikanwa kune yakazara hupenyu! Kana isu tichifunga nezve kuti mafuru haasiyanane nehupfumi hwayo hwekuumbwa, haigone kunzi inobatsira zvakanyanya. Uyezve, mukuwandisa madhizaiti zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kukura kwe kwete kwete kufutisa chete, asiwo zvirwere zvakawanda.

Hatifanire kukanganwa kuti kunyanyisa kudya nyama yemafuta, kunyange kune munhu ane hutano zvakakwana, kwakazara nematambudziko akakomba. Mukuvapo kwezvirwere zvakakomba zvisingaperi, zviri nani kubvunza chiremba nezvekushandisa kwechigadzirwa.

Waziva kuti mafuta enguruve anobatsira here kana kuti achiri kukuvadza, mhedzisiro inoenderana inozviratidza: kana uchinyatsoda ichi chigadzirwa chine mafuta, usazvirambe, asi rangarira chiyero!

Ravidza hunhu

Sezvo mafudzi ari mafuta emhuka, iwo wega kuravira kwechigadzirwa chakadai hachigonekwe. Asi kuitira kuti unakirwe neyakagadzirwa munyu kana kuputa fodya, vadi venguruve vanofanirwa kungwarira nezve sarudzo yeakasvibirira. Kukanganisa kushoma kana kusava nehanya kunotungamira kune zvisingagadzirisike mhedzisiro.

• Yakakwira-mhando mafuta akasvibirira anofanirwa kutariswa nevarapi vezvipfuyo, sezvinoonekwa nechidhindo chakakosha.
• Zvirinani kana bhekoni rakachekwa kubva kumusana kwemhuka kana padivi rechitunha richishandiswa kuita munyu.
• Nguruve nguruve dzinogona kukurova nekunhuhwira kweurea uye kure nekunakisisa kuravira.
• Hunhu hweraradhi hunogona kutaurwa nemuchena waro nerakajeka pingi kupenya. Kana mafuta achikanda yero kana achiratidza kuchena, zvirinani kuuisa parutivi.
• Zvirinani kuterera zvidimbu zvine ganda rakatetepa rekiki, iro rinogona kuboorwa kunyangwe neinoti meno.
• Yakakwira mhando mbichana bhekoni iri nyore kubaya.
• Jira harina kana hwema hwaro hwaro, uye kana richinhuwirira, inyama nyowani uye hapana chimwe chinhu.

Kana mafuta enguruve akasarudzwa, anogona kuiswa munyu, kunyungudika, kufashaidzwa kana kuputa. Uye pano chigadzirwa chichave nekugona kugamuchira nekunhuwirira hwema uye manakiro ezvese zvakashandiswa mwaka nezvinonhuwira.

Kubika kunyorera

Hapana chimwe chigadzirwa chechigadzirwa chinogona kuenzaniswa nemafuta "rudo" rwezvinonhuwira uye zvinwiwa. Zvakare, mune dzakasiyana nyika ivo vanofarira akasiyana misiwi.

Vaour country havagone kurarama zuva vasina mafuta egaridhi negariki uye mhiripiri, uye maHungarian vanoda bhekoni ine munyu, yakasaswa nepururu yepasi. Asi uyu hausi iwo muganho.

Lard mumarudzi cosines

MaTaliyane anobva kuchamhembe kweTuscany akazove iwo makuru eallies. Ivo vematombo ematombo, avo vaibatanidzwa mukuburitsa yakakurumbira Carrara marble, vakatanga kuita munyu wenguruve mazana emakore apfuura, vachiwedzera rosemary, oregano uye thyme, nutmeg uye sage kune brine. Yakadai inonhuhwirira yenguruve, lardo, yakanga yakura kwenguva yakareba mumabhuru emabhuru, mushure mezvo iyo pachezvayo yakaita sedombo rinokosha rine tsinga dzenyama.

MaGerman vateveri vemidziyo inonaka. Naizvozvo, bhekoni, sekuGerman vanodana mafuta enguruve, rinobatsira mumidziyo inopisa uye masobho enyama, svutugadzike nemasaji, uko bhekoni inowedzerwa kuitira juiciness.

KuWestern Europe, mafuta enguruve haanyanyo kufarirwa, saka zvinoshamisa kushamisika kuti pachitsuwa cheEngland, panotaurwa bhekoni, ruzhinji rwevagari runoreurura kuda kwavo chigadzirwa ichi. Asi ichi ndicho bhekoni chairo chine matete matete enyama nyoro, iyo yakatopa zita kunhungamiro yekuberekesa nguruve.

MaFrance, seyechokwadi mavambo uye gourmets, haasarudze mbishi, asi ghee. Icho chinodikanwa chakakosha mune yakakurumbira French pâtés ine chiropa, howa uye zvinonhuwira miriwo. Asi mafuta enguruve ari mukuda kwete chete mune French chikafu.

MaHungary vanochida zvakanyanya, vachichiwedzera kune anonhuhwirira paprikash, goulash uye kunyangwe muto wenyika weHalasle nehove. VaBelarusian vakauya nemafuta zvakanyanya zvakanyanya kupfuura vamwe vanhu. Pakukumbira kwenyika ino, mbuya mbatatisi nebhekoni yakaverengerwa muhomwe yenhaka yekubikira yeEurope.

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