Rombo remberi (kubva kuGreek lobos) rinoumba imwe yenzvimbo dzehuropi dziri kumberi kwecranium.

nzvimbo. Rombo remberi riri pamberi pehuropi, pazasi pebhonzo remberi. Iyo yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mamwe lobes neakasiyana grooves:

• Iyo yepakati sulcus, kana Rolando sulcus, inoparadzanisa lobe yepamberi kubva parietal lobe;
• The lateral sulcus, kana Sylvian sulcus, inoparadzanisa lobe yepamberi kubva parietal uye temporal lobe.

Main chimiro. The frontal lobe imwe yematunhu ehuropi. Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakanyanya kugadzirwa chikamu cheuropi uye inotora yakawanda yacho. Inoumbwa nemaneuroni, masero ayo ari padivi uye anoumba iyo grey nyaya. Kunze uku kunonzi cortex. Kuwedzerwa kwemiviri iyi, inonzi nerve fibers, inowanikwa pakati uye inoumba nyaya chena. Nzvimbo yemukati iyi inonzi medullary region (1) (2). Miforo yakawanda, kana makatsemuka kana yakadzika, inosiyanisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana mukati meuropi. Iyo longitudinal fissure yehuropi inobvumira kuti iparadzaniswe kuita maviri hemispheres, kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Aya mahemispheres akabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe nemakomisheni, iyo huru iyo inonzi corpus callosum. Imwe neimwe hemisphere inozopatsanurwa, kuburikidza neprimary sulcus, kuita marobe mana: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe uye occipital lobe (2) (3).

Zvivako zvechipiri uye zvepamusoro. Rombo remberi rine migero yechipiri neyepamusoro, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira maconvolutions anonzi gyri. Iwo makuru epamberi lobe gyri ndeaya:

• iyo central gyrus,
• girasi yepamusoro yepamberi,
• gyrus yepakati pamberi,
• iyo yakaderera pamberi pejirasi.

Iyo cerebral cortex inobatanidza nemafungiro uye sensitivomotor mabasa, pamwe chete nemabviro uye kutonga kwe skeletal muscle contraction. Aya mabasa akasiyana akagoverwa mumativi akasiyana ehuropi (1).

Iyo yepamberi lobe inonyanya kuunganidza mabasa emota, uye kunyanya yekuzvidira. Imwe inosiyanisa kunyanya iyo yekutanga mota ndima iri padanho reiyo precentral gyrus, pamwe nenzvimbo yeBroca, nzvimbo yakabatana nekutaura. Rombo remberi rinewo matunhu ekushandura ruzivo (2) (3).

Mamwe ma pathologies anogona kukura mune yepamberi lobe uye anokanganisa iyo yepakati tsinga system. Izvo zvinokonzeresa zvakasiyana uye zvinogona kunyanya kuve zvekuora, vascular kana bundu mavambo, mamwe pathologies

Stroke. Cerebrovascular tsaona, kana sitiroko, inoitika kana tsinga yeropa yeuropi yakavharwa, sekuumbwa kweropa kana kuputika kwemudziyo4. Iyi pathology inogona kukanganisa mashandiro eiyo frontal lobe.

Head trauma. Inopindirana nekuvhunduka pamwero wedehenya iro rinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwehuropi, kunyanya pamwero welobe yepamberi. (5)

Multiple sclerosis. Iyi pathology chirwere che autoimmune chepakati tsinga system. Iwo immune system inorwisa myelin, sheath yakatenderedza nerve fibers, zvichikonzera kuzvimba. (6)

Bundu remuuropi. Benign kana mamota akaipa anogona kukura muuropi, kunyanya murobe repamberi. (7)

Degenerative cerebral pathologies. Mamwe ma pathologies anogona kutungamirira kukuchinja kwetsinga dzetsinga muuropi.

Chirwere cheAlzheimer. Zvinoguma nekugadziridzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuziva nekunyanya kurasikirwa nendangariro kana kufunga. (8)

Parkinson chirwere. Iyo inoratidzwa kunyanya nekudedera pakuzorora, kuderera uye kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwekufamba. (9)

Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Zvichienderana nechirwere chinowanikwa, mamwe mishonga inogona kurongerwa senge anti-inflammatory drugs.

Thrombolyse. Inoshandiswa panguva yekurohwa, kurapwa uku kunosanganisira kupwanya iyo thrombi, kana kuwanda kweropa, nerubatsiro rwemishonga. (4)

Kuvhiya kurapwa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere chinowanikwa, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, yakanangwa kurapwa. Zvichienderana nerudzi uye nhanho yebundu, aya marapirwo anogona kuitwa.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kutanga, kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoitwa kuitira kuti uone uye kuongorora zviratidzo zvinoonekwa nemurwere.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. Kuti usimbise kana kusimbisa kuongororwa, cerebral uye spinal CT scan kana cerebral MRI inogona kunyanya kuitwa.

biopsy. Uku kuongorora kunosanganisira muenzaniso wemasero.

Lumbar kubaya. Iyi bvunzo inobvumira iyo cerebrospinal fluid kuti iongororwe.

Yakasimbiswa neFrench neurosurgeon Paul Broca muna 1861, nzvimbo yeBroca inoumba nzvimbo ine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwemutauro.