Mukati
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, isu tinowanzo kunzwa kutaura kwakadai sekukuvadza uye hutano makabhohaidhiretsi, anokurumidza uye anononoka, akapusa uye akaomarara. Aya mazwi anonyanya kufarirwa nevanhu vane hutano.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvokurapa dzinotenda kuti makabhohaidhiretsi ndiyo hwaro hwemuviri une hutano, kana kuti zvirinani kushandiswa kwakakodzera. Mushure mezvose, mhedzisiro yekusaenzana mune muyero wemakabohydrate mumuviri mweya wakashata, kusava nehanya, kuwedzera kutya, kuderera kwepfungwa uye kuita kwemuviri, chirwere cheshuga mellitus nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Zvichava zvinonakidza uye zvinobatsira kune vakawanda kudzidza pamusoro pechiratidzo chehunhu uye hunhu hwakanaka hweimwe remapoka emakhahydrate - monosaccharides.
Zvikafu zvakapfuma mumonosaccharides:
Hukuru hunhu hwe monosaccharides
Monosaccharides iboka remakabohydrate anonzi mashuga akareruka. Hava hydrolyzed nemvura; anotaridzika kunge polyhydroxyl makomputa ane aldehyde kana ketone mapoka. Monosaccharides inokurumidza kudzikiswa, pakarepo inopinda muropa, uye haina kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakachengetwa mafuta. Aya makabhohaidhiretsi anonyanya kukosha mukushanda kwehuropi.
Monosaccharides ine inotapira kuravira kwakasiyana kusiyanisa uye inogona kuputswa nyore nyore mumvura. Iyi fomu yemakabhohaidhiretsi inomiririrwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:
- glucose ndiyo yakajairika monosaccharide iyo inogona kuumbwa semhedzisiro yekuparara kwemadhisikaridi uye starch kubva muchikafu;
- fructose - nyore kupinza, haikonzere kuwedzerwa shuga yeropa;
- galactose chibereko che lactose.
Munzvimbo yakasununguka, zvikamu zviviri zvekutanga zvinowanikwa mumichero nemaruva. Kazhinji ivo vanobatanidzwa panguva imwe chete mumiriwo, michero, majiroji, uye varipo muuchi hwenyuchi. Galactose haisi chikamu chekudya.
Nhoroondo dzechokwadi
Muongorori weRussia KG Sigismund kekutanga muna 1811. akaita kuyedza ndokuwana glucose nehydrolysis yesitashi. Muna 1844, kemisiti weRussia KG Schmidt akaunza pfungwa yemakabhohaidhiretsi.
Muna 1927. vesaenzi vakawana kuumbwa kwemakabohydrate, anomiririrwa nechisikigo uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Carbohydrate yakatanga kupatsanurwa kuita mapoka. Imwe yacho yainzi "monosaxarid".
Zvezuva nezuva zvinodiwa zve monosaccharides
Zvichienderana nebasa uye zera, kutora kwemamonosaccharides kunofanira kuva 15-20 muzana yehuwandu hwemacarbohydrate. Nekushanda kwehuropi hwemazuva ese, chinodiwa chezuva nezuva chemonosaccharides i160 - 180 g, inova chikamu chimwe muzvina cheese makabhohaidhiretsi anopedzwa nechikafu (300-500 g pazuva). Somuenzaniso, kana chikamu cheuchi chaidyiwa, ipapo mamwe maswiti uye zviyo zvinofanira kukanganwa kusvikira zuva rinotevera.
Mukuvapo kwezviratidzo zvekurapa, mwero wekushandisa wemonosaccharides unogona kudzikiswa, asi zvichiderera zvishoma nezvishoma muhuwandu kusvika ku100 g pazuva.
Iko kudiwa kwe monosaccharides kunowedzera:
- patinenge tichiita basa rinorema remuviri uye kudzidziswa kwemitambo;
- nemitoro yepamusoro yehungwaru uye kuderera kukuru mukuita kwepfungwa;
- pazera diki, apo simba rinonyanya kudikanwa mukukura;
- nekukotsira uye kuneta kwemuviri;
- kune avo vane zviratidzo zvekudhakwa kwemuviri;
- nezvirwere zvechiropa, nervous system, gastrointestinal turakiti;
- mafungiro akashata;
- nehuremu hwakaderera hwemuviri;
- kupera simba.
Iko kudiwa kwe monosaccharides kunodzikira:
- kufutisa;
- wakagara mararamiro;
- kune vakwegura;
- neBP.
Kugaya kwemonosaccharides
Monosaccharides iri nyore uye nekukurumidza inosanganiswa nemuviri. Ivo vanopa kukurumidza kuwedzera kwesimba mumuviri. Naizvozvo, ivo vanokurudzirwa kwepfupi-kwenguva refu-kusimba mitoro. Ivo vanopa kukurumidza kuwedzera mumashuga eropa, nekudaro anoshandiswa kune hypoglycemia. Iko kunwa kweaya makabhohaidhiretsi kunofanirwa kudzorwa uye kusapfuure.
Inobatsira zvivakwa zve monosaccharides nemhedzisiro yavo pamuviri
- kusimbisa muviri nesimba;
- kuvandudza mashandiro ehuropi;
- kubviswa kwehupfu;
- yakashandiswa kushaya simba kwetsandanyama yemwoyo;
- zvakafanira kusimbisa immune system;
- zvakanaka kugutsa nzara, nesarudzo yakakodzera yezvigadzirwa (zviyo, miriwo mbishi, michero);
- kupora kwesimba mushure mekurovedza muviri;
- kugadzirisa mamiriro.
Iko kushandiswa kwemiriwo, ayo anotakura emonosaccharides, zvakachengeteka kune avo vane chirwere cheshuga. Asi michero mune ino kesi inofanira kudyiwa nehungwaru.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti fructose kushandiswa kunoderedza njodzi yekuora kwemeno, diathesis, uye inobatsira kudzora huwandu hweshuga kana paine maitiro echirwere cheshuga. Chokwadi, fructose haidi insulin kuti ipfuure muropa uye nemukati memukati.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kubatsirwa kwemonosaccharides inomiririrwa negalactose ndeyekuti inobatsira kutora calcium, inovandudza intestinal system, uye inokurudzira maitiro ekudzora tsinga.
Glucose yakakosha nekuti chikamu cheropa. Ichi ndicho chakakosha chikafu chinhu chesimba.
Kubatana nezvimwe zvinhu
Monosaccharides inokurudzira kutora calcium uye vitamini C. Izvo hazvina kuderedzwa panguva yehydrolysis.
Zviratidzo zvekushaikwa kwemamonaccharides mumuviri:
- kuderedza shuga yeropa;
- chizoro;
- nzara;
- kutyora kweiyo metabolic maitiro;
- kuderera kwakasimba kwehuremu hwemuviri;
- kuora mwoyo.
Zviratidzo zvekuwedzeredza kwemonosaccharides mumuviri:
- BP;
- kutyorwa kweasidhi-base chiyero;
- chiropa dystrophy;
- kusashivirira kune zvigadzirwa zvemukaka.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa zvirimo monosaccharides mumuviri
Chaizvoizvo, monosaccharides inopinda mumuviri nechikafu. Glucose uye fructose zvinogona synthesized kushandisa disaccharides uye starch.
Monosaccharides yerunako uye hutano
Kururamisa kunwa kwemonosaccharides kunoita kuti muviri ushande, wakasimba, uzere nesimba uye simba. Uropi hunoshanda musimba rakazara, munhu haasiye mamiriro akanaka. Chokwadi, pane imwe yakakosha mukana muzvikafu zvinotapira - mashandisiro avo anobatsira mukugadzirwa kwehomoni yemufaro.