Vanotaura nezvake kuti akaipa kupfuura moto. Uye kana kufamba kune dambudziko rakawanda kuvanhu vakuru, zvekutaura nezvevana. Kuchinja kwenzvimbo kunokanganisa sei mwana? Uye kunetseka kunogona kudzikiswa here?
Mune katuni "Inside Out", mumwe musikana ane makore gumi nerimwe ari kurwadziwa zvikuru nekufamba kwemhuri yake kuenda kunzvimbo itsva. Hazvisi zvakangoitika kuti vagadziri vemafirimu vakasarudza chirongwa ichi. Kuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze kushushikana kukuru kwete kuvabereki chete, asiwo kumwana. Uye kushungurudzika uku kunogona kuva kwenguva refu, kuchikanganisa hutano hwepfungwa hwemunhu mune ramangwana.
Muduku mwana, zviri nyore kuti atsungirire kuchinja kwekugara. Izvi ndizvo zvatinofunga uye isu takanganisa. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzeAmerica Rebecca Levin Cowley naMelissa Kull vakawana1kuti kufamba kwakaomera vana vechikoro.
“Vana vaduku kashoma kuti vave nounyanzvi hwokushamwaridzana, vangava nezvinetso zvepfungwa uye zvetsika,” anodaro Rebecca Levine. Migumisiro iyi inogona kugara kwemakore. Vana vegiredhi repuraimari kana epakati vanotsungirira kufamba zviri nyore. Zvigumisiro zvechidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti migumisiro yakaipa yekufamba - kuderera kwekuita zvidzidzo (kunyanya mumasvomhu uye kunzwisisa kwekuverenga) muvana vakwegura hazvitauriki uye kukanganisa kwavo kunokurumidza kupera.
Vana vanochengetedza mutsika dzavo uye zvavanoda
Mubereki wese anoziva kuti zvakaoma sei, somuenzaniso, kuita kuti mwana aedze ndiro itsva. Kune vana, kugadzikana uye kujairana kwakakosha, kunyangwe muzvinhu zvidiki. Uye apo mhuri inosarudza kuchinja nzvimbo yavo yekugara, iyo inobva yamanikidza mwana kuti asiye tsika dzisingaverengeki uye, sokunge zvakadaro, edza ndiro dzakawanda dzisingazivikanwi mune imwe chete. Pasina kunyengetedza uye kugadzirira.
Rimwe boka renyanzvi dzepfungwa rakaita chidzidzo chakafanana.2vachishandisa nhamba kubva kuDenmark. Munyika ino, kufamba kwese kwevagari vemo kwakanyatso kunyorwa, uye izvi zvinopa mukana wakasiyana-siyana wekudzidza kukanganisa kwekuchinja kwekugara kwevana pazera rakasiyana. Pakazara, nhamba dzakadzidzwa kune vanopfuura mamiriyoni eDanes vakazvarwa pakati pe1971 ne1997. Pakati pavo, 37% vaiva nemukana wekupona kufamba (kana kunyange akawanda) vasati vava nemakore gumi nemashanu.
Muchiitiko ichi, nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzainyanya kufarira kwete mukuita kwechikoro, asi muhutsotsi hwevadiki, kuzviuraya, kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, uye kufa kwekutanga (chisimba uye netsaona).
Zvakazoitika kuti kune vechidiki vechiDanish, njodzi yemigumisiro yakaipa yakadai yakawedzera zvakanyanya mushure mekufamba kwakawanda mukutanga kuyaruka (12-14 makore). Panguva imwecheteyo, hutano hwemagariro emhuri dzakasiyana (mari, dzidzo, basa), iyo yakatorwawo nevesayenzi, haina kukanganisa chigumisiro chekudzidza. Mafungiro ekutanga ekuti mhedzisiro yakaipa inogona kunyanya kukanganisa mhuri dzine mwero wakaderera wedzidzo uye mari haina kusimbiswa.
Zvechokwadi, kuchinja kwekugara hakugoni kudziviswa nguva dzose. Zvakakosha kuti mwana kana wechidiki awane rubatsiro rwakanyanya sezvinobvira mushure mekutama, zvose mumhuri uye kuchikoro. Kana zvichidikanwa, unogonawo kutsvaga rubatsiro rwepfungwa.
Sandra Wheatley, mazvikokota weBritain wepfungwa dzevana, anotsanangura kuti pakufamba, mwana anonzwa kunetseka kwakakomba, sezvo ma<em>micro-order aagara achiziva anodonha. Izvi zvinobva zvaita kuti uwedzere kunzwa kusachengeteka uye kufunganya.
Asi zvakadini kana kutama kusingadzivisiki?
Hongu, zvidzidzo izvi zvinofanirwa kurangarirwa, asi hazvifanirwe kutorwa sechinhu chisingadzivisiki chinouraya. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu epfungwa mumhuri uye nemamiriro ezvinhu akakonzera kutama. Chimwe chinhu kurambana kwevabereki, uye chimwe chinhu kuchinja kwebasa kune rimwe rinovimbisa. Zvakakosha kuti mwana aone kuti vabereki havatyi panguva yekufamba, asi tora danho iri nechivimbo uye mune zvakanaka.
Zvakakosha kuti chikamu chakakosha chemidziyo yake yekare yepamba ifambe nemwana - kwete chete matoyi anodiwa, asiwo fenicha, kunyanya mubhedha wake. Zvikamu zvakadaro zvehupenyu hwekare zvakakosha zvakakwana kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemukati. Asi chinhu chikuru - usakwevera mwana kubva mumamiriro ekare zvinogumbura, kamwe kamwe, kutya uye pasina kugadzirira.
1 R. Coley & M. Kull «Cumulative, Timing-Specific, and Interactive Models of Residential Mobility and Children's Cognitive and Psychosocial Skills», Kukura Kwevana, 2016.
2 R. Webb al. "Zvakashata Zvakaipa kusvika kuKutanga Kwemakore Akabatanidzwa Nevana Kugara Kwekugara", American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2016.