12% yevakafa imhaka yezvirwere zvekufema, uye chikonzero chikuru chekusaenda kubasa pakati pevechidiki nhasi nekuda kwezvirwere zvekufema. ENT uye pulmonary care saka zvinonetsa zvakanyanya nyaya dzehutano. Kurapa kwemamwe mamiriro ekufema kunosanganisira kushandisa nebulizer. Ichi chishandiso chekurapa chazvino uno chinoita kuti zvikwanise kugovera mishonga mufomu yeaerosol yakananga muhurongwa hwekufema.

A nebulizer, kana nebulizer, inoita kuti zvikwanise kushandura mushonga wemvura kuita aerosol, kureva kuita madonhwe akanyanya kunaka ayo anozokurumidza uye nyore kunyudzwa nenzira yekufema uye pasina kupindira kwemurwere kunofanirwa. Nebulised aerosol therapy inonyatsoshanda, isingarwadzi, nzira yekurapa yemunharaunda ine mishoma mhedzisiro kana ichienzaniswa ne systemic kurapwa.

Zvinoumba

Zvichienderana nekuti aerosol inogadzirwa sei, kune marudzi matatu e-nebulizer:

• pneumatic nebulizers, iyo inogadzira aerosol yekutenda kune gasi rinotumirwa pasi pekumanikidzwa (mhepo kana okisijeni);
• ultrasonic nebulizers, iyo inoshandisa ultrasound kukanganisa kristaro iyo inozoendesa kuzunguzika kumvura kuti iite nebulized;
• membrane nebulizers, iyo inoshandisa sieve yakaboorwa nezviuru zvemakomba mashoma mamicrons mudhayamita iyo mvura ichaitwa nebulizer inoratidzwa nekuita kwemagetsi.

Iyo pneumatic nebulizer

Ndiyo yekare uye inonyanya kushandiswa nebulizer modhi, muzvipatara uye kumba. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu:

• compressor inotumira mweya kana oksijeni pasi pekumanikidzwa;
• nebulizer, yakabatana necompressor netubing, iyo inounzwa mvura yemishonga kuti iite nebulized. Iyo nebulizer pachayo ine tangi inogashira mvura (2ml kusvika 8ml), muromo unopinda nawo gasi rinodzvanywa, mudziyo wekusveta mvura ne venturi effect, uye deflector iyo madonhwe anotsemuka kuita zvidimbu zvakanaka, zvinofema;
• chimiro chemurwere chakasungirirwa kune nebulizer chinogona kunge chiri kumeso, muromo kana mhino.

Izwi rekuti nebulization rinobva kuLatin nebula (mhute) kureva kuti mushonga uri mumhinduro unopihwa semhute, inonzi aerosol. Madonhwe ekumisa mumhute iyi ndee modular kuumbwa uye saizi zvichienderana nehurwere hunofanirwa kurapwa.

Zvimedu zvakasiyana-siyana

Saizi yezvimedu ichasarudzwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekufema ichasvikwa

Particle composition

Mishonga mikuru inopihwa neaerosol inokodzera mhando yega yega pathology:

• bronchodilators (ß2 mimics, anticholinergics), iyo inoshanda nekuita kuti bronchi iwedzere nokukurumidza, inoshandiswa pakurapa kurwisa kwakanyanya kweasthma kana kuputika kwechirwere chisingaperi chemapapu (COPD);
• corticosteroids (budesonide, beclomethasone) mishonga inopesana nekuputika inobatanidza nebronchodilator yekurapa asthma;
• mucolytics uye viscolytics inobatsira kuonda mucus inounganidza mubronchi mu cystic fibrosis;
• mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya (tobramycin, colistin) inopiwa munharaunda kuitira kuchengetedza kurapwa mumamiriro ezvinhu e cystic fibrosis;
• Laryngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media inogonawo kurapwa nebulization.

Veruzhinji vane hanya kana vari panjodzi

Pathologies inorapwa nebulization zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinoda kurapwa kusiri-inopindirana kwenzvimbo uye zvisina zvakawanda sezvinobvira zvinobvisa mhedzisiro.

Nebulization aerosol therapy haidi chero kuedza kana kufamba kwemurwere, saka kurapa uku kunonyanya kukodzera vacheche, vana vadiki, vakwegura uye vanhu vane kuderera kwekufamba.

Nebulization inowanzoshandiswa muchipatara, vana, pulmonary, emergency kana intensive care unit. Inogonawo kuitwa kumba.

Kushandisa nebulizer kumba kunoda kumberi "kudzidziswa" kuti nebulization inyatsoshanda. Iri basa ibasa revashandi vehutano (vanachiremba, vanamukoti, physiotherapists, nezvimwewo) kana vemishonga.

Nguva yekuishandisa?

Nebulization kumba kunofanirwa kuitwa chete pasi pechirongwa chekurapa. Kurongeka kunofanirwa kutsanangura mapoinzi akati wandei :

• mushonga unofanirwa kugadzirwa nebulized, kurongedzerwa kwayo (somuenzaniso: dosi imwe chete ye2 ml), pamwe kuderedzwa kwayo kana kusanganiswa kwayo nemimwe mishonga;
• nhamba yezvikamu zvinofanira kuitwa pazuva uye pazvinofanira kuitwa kana mamwe marudzi ekutarisira anorayirwa (somuenzaniso, pamberi pe physiotherapy sessions);
• nguva yechikamu chega chega (5 kusvika 10 maminitsi akawanda);
• nguva yose yekurapa;
• muenzaniso we nebulizer uye compressor inofanira kushandiswa;
• rudzi rwemask kana muromo unokurudzirwa.

Matanho ekushanda

• Zvirongwa zvinofanira kuitwa kure nekudya kudzivirira kurutsa;
• mhino nehuro zvinofanira kunge zvakajeka (shandisa mhino yemucheche yevana vacheche);
• iwe unofanirwa kugara nemusana wako wakatwasuka, kana munzvimbo yehafu-yakagara yevacheche;
• unofanira kuva wakasununguka zvikuru;
• iyo nebulizer inobatwa vertically uye muromo, kana mask, inochengetwa zvakanaka inoshandiswa nechiedza chechiedza;
• unofanira kufema nemuromo wako wofemera kunze wakadzikama;
• "gurgling" mune nebulizer inoratidza kuti tangi haina chinhu, uye kuti musangano wapera.

Chenjedzo kutora

Pamberi peseshini:

• geza maoko ako zvakanaka;
• vhura nebulizer uye udururire mushonga mairi;
• batanidza muromo kana mask;
• batanidza kune compressor kuburikidza ne tubing;
• plug mukati uye batidza compressor.

Mushure memusangano:

Kunze kwechiitiko chekushandisa-kamwe nebulizer, zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kucheneswa uye kuuraya hutachiona nekuchenjerera:

• pakupera kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe, nebulizer inofanira kuparadzaniswa, iyo yose yekugadzirira inoraswa, uye zvikamu zvose zvinofanira kushambidzwa mumvura inopisa ine sipo;
• zuva rega rega, zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuve disinfected maminitsi gumi nemashanu mumvura inopisa;
• zvinhu zvinofanira kusiiwa kuti zviome mumhepo yakashama uye zvozochengetwa kure neguruva.

Sarudzo ye nebulizer inofanirwa kuchinjirwa kune imwe neimwe kesi uye yega yega mhando yekurapa. Inofanira kuzadzisa mamwe maitiro.

Izvo zvipingamupinyi zvekusarudza kwayo nebulizer

• Mhando yemishonga inofanirwa nebulizer: mamwe magadzirirwo haana kukodzera kumarudzi ose e-nebulizer (eg corticosteroids zviri nani kuparadzirwa ne ultrasonic nebulizers);
• chimiro chemurwere: kune vacheche, vakwegura kana vakaremara, mask inofanira kusarudzwa sehutano hwemurwere;
• kuzvimiririra kwekushanda uye kutakura;
• kukosha kwemari (magadzirirwo ekurenda aripo kune vanogovera michina yekurapa);
• iyo nebulizer inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zveyakajairwa NF EN 13544-1 uye inofanirwa kupihwa nemirairo inotsanangura mashandiro ayo, mashandiro uye mashandiro anodiwa ekugadzirisa.