Indasitiri huru yemafirimu pasi pano - Hollywood - iri kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kumakomputa kuitira kuti ibvise zvirevo zvekubatwa zvisina kunaka kwemhuka uye kurerutsa hupenyu hwadzo.
Hollywood ine nhoroondo refu uye yakaoma yehutsinye uye kusanyanya kubata mhuka ... Imwe yenyaya dzekutanga dzisingafadzi ne "hama dzedu diki" mubhaisikopo inogona kutorwa seyakaomesesa chiitiko mufirimu "" muna 1939 ine nyeredzi yenguva iyoyo. , umo mukomana wemombe anonzi anosvetukira mugomba rakadzikadzika ari pamabhiza. "Cowboy" pachake haana kukuvara, asi kuti atore chiitiko ichi, mabhiza akavharwa maziso uye ... akamanikidzwa kusvetuka kubva pamawere. Bhiza rakatyoka musana ndokupfurwa. Zvingaite sekunge hutsinye hwakadaro hahugoneki mazuva ano, asi hazvisi zvese zviri nyore…
Kusikwa kweAmerican Association for the Humane Treatment of Animals (AHA) muZ1980 yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera mutsara unonyaradza "Hapana mhuka dzakakuvadzwa mukugadzirwa kwefirimu iyi" kusvika kumagumo uye kuzarura zvikwereti. Asi chokwadi, vamwe vanocherekedza vanocherekedza kuti kusikwa kwesangano iri dzimwe nguva kunongova kumberi kwekubatwa zvisina kunaka kwemhuka, nekuti. inoreva huwandu hwemipimo yakakomba yemhosva, kunyangwe mhuka yakafa pane seti! Chibvumirano pakati pevakuru veHollywood neANA chakapa, chaizvoizvo, kuti mumiririri mumwe chete wesangano iri aifanira kunge aripo pane zvakagadzirirwa - "nokuda kweizvi" ANA yakapa kodzero yekuisa mutsara wakaisvonaka muzvikwereti! Uye mucherechedzi ega akakwanisa kutevera nzira yekutora mafirimu, uye chii chaakaita, "aripo" pane zvakagadzirirwa, uye rudzi rwehukama nemhuka hunoenderana netsanangudzo ye "munhu" - izvi zvinozivikanwa chete kuna ANA. Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira kuti kushungurudzwa kungave chii - uye, dzimwe nguva, kwaive! (ona pasi apa) - pahana ye "muongorori" muduku akadaro uye ari oga.
Mazuva ano, mhuka hadzife pamakamera sezvadzakaita muna Jesse James - iyo ANA inoramba yakatarira izvozvo. Kupfuura izvozvo, chokwadi, hapana chimwe. Sezvo ANA yakajekesa mushure mekufa kwemhuka dze27 pachigadziko chemufirimu "The Hobbit" kune vatori venhau veHollywood press, mazwi akanaka "Hapana mhuka dzakakuvadzwa panguva yekudhindwa kwefirimu iyi", nokuti. hapana chinovimbiswa. Zvinongoreva kuti mhuka hadzina kutambura uye hadzina kufa apo kamera yemubhaisikopo yakanga ichidzitora! Pane imwe ganhuriro - mhuka dzinogona kufa nekuda kwekuregeredza kwevashandi vemufirimu, vasingazivi - uye munyaya iyi, zvakare, sirogani yakanaka pamagumo efirimu haina kubviswa. Nokudaro, sangano iri rakabvuma zvachose kuti mafirimu akawanda eHollywood, "akaedzwa uye akabvumirwa" neANA, akatorwa nemhuka dzichifa. Zvisinei, yatova munharaunda yeruzhinji.
Saka, semuenzaniso, muna 2003, mushure memazuva mana ekudhirowa kwekunze kwemufirimu "" kwaive nehove dzakawanda dzakafa uye octopus pamahombekombe. Vamiriri veANA vakangoramba kutaura nezvechiitiko ichi pachena.
Pane seti yefirimu yevana nezvemhuka "" (2006), mabhiza maviri akafa. Kuedza kuferefeta kwakavanzika muchiitiko negweta Bob Ferber. Mabhiza aivewo asina rombo rakanaka pane seti yeHBO terevhizheni yakatevedzana "" (2012) - mushure memabhiza mana uye kubva paseti (nyaya isinganzwisisike) uye zvichemo zvakazotevera (kusanganisira kubva), mwaka wechipiri wakadzimwa.
Muna 2006, Disney akadhirowa firimu rinobata uye rinodiwa nemhuri zhinji nezve kutendeka kwembwa "" aine superstar Paul Walker. Haasi munhu wese anoziva kuti imwe yeimbwa paseti yakarohwa zvine hutsinye. Mukupindura kwekuita kwevanorwira kodzero dzevanhu, ANA yakataura kuti mudzidzisi anonzi akaparadzanisa imbwa dzehondo nenzira iyi, uye mazita emufirimu aisafanira kuchinjwa.
Pane seti yekomedhi ya2011 "" twiza yakafa (zvisinei nekuvapo kwemumiriri weANA). Uye pane seti yefirimu "" (2011), varairidzi vakarova ... ndiani mumwe? - nzou (zvisinei, kutungamira kwefirimu kunoramba izvi). Nokudaro, haasi mafirimu ose evana ane tsika dzakaenzana.
Sezvazvakazoitika, pakugadzira firimu rakakurumbira "" (2012) - ivo vakaitirawo hutsinye mhuka! Kusanganisira, pavilion pfuti mudziva, ingwe yakapotsa yanyura. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti ingwe iri mufirimu iyi ndeye "digital" chigadzirwa, chimiro chekombuta yemifananidzo, asi izvi hazvina kudaro. Mune zvimwe zvikamu, ingwe chaiyo yakadzidziswa inonzi King yakatorwa mifananidzo. ANA mushandi Gina Johnson pamusoro pechinhu chinonyadzisa neingwe, apo, nekuda kwekuregeredza kwevashandi vemufirimu, ingwe yakapotsa yanyura, akakwanisa kuponeswa nenzira inoshamisa - asi haana kuzivisa vakuru vake, uye kwete zviremera, asi shamwari yake. mune email yega. “Usaudze ani zvake nezvenyaya iyi, ndakaomerwa nokuisa nyaya iyi pamabhureki!” akanyora muongorori wekodzero dzevanhu weANA pakupera kwetsamba iyi yakavanzika nemavara makuru. Tsamba iyi yakazoongororwa neveruzhinji mushure mekunge ruzivo rwaburitswa kubva mukutorwa kwefirimu. Somugumisiro wekuenderera mberi kwekuongorora, zvakazoitika kuti mucherechedzi aive nehukama nemumiriri mukuru wehutungamiri hwefirimu iyi - saka akafuratira nyaya iyi (uye, ndiani anoziva, zvichida vamwe). Uye pakupedzisira, kunyange pasina ruregerero rwakaitwa ku "vana nevabereki", uye zvikwereti zvemufirimu zvinodada kuti "Hapana mhuka imwe yakakuvadzwa." "Hupenyu hwePi" yakaunza vagadziri vayo madhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe emadhora uye yakagamuchira 609 "Oscars". Vazhinji vaoni vachiri kugutsikana kuti ingwe kana mhuka dzese dziri mufirimu 4% mifananidzo yemakomputa.
Gare gare, kubatwa zvisina kunaka kwemhuka paSeti yeHupenyu hwePi yakagamuchira mhepo yechipiri apo mufananidzo wetiger ichirohwa zvakaipisisa nemurairidzi mumwechete akapa ingwe yake yeHupenyu hwePi yakaburitswa paInternet. Murairidzi, uyo, mukupindura kunyomba kwakatevera, akati akarova netyava kwete ingwe pachayo, asi pasi pamberi pake. Panguva imwecheteyo, kurekodha kunoratidza zvakajeka sei iye, achidzvanya ingwe yakarara nemanhede neshamhu kakawanda, uye iwe unogona kumunzwa, senge sadist chaiyo: "Ndinoda kumurova kumeso. Uye pamakumbo ... Paanoisa tsoka dzake padombo, ini ndokumurova - yakanaka. Nokuti zvinotonyanya kurwadza,” zvichingodaro. (Iyo rekodhi ikozvino, asi hazvikurudzirwe kuti uione ichibatika!).
Haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti pane imwe seti yeimwe megablockbuster - yekutanga trilogy firimu "" yakabva mubhuku raJRR Tolkien - mune chimwe chiitiko apo vashandi vefirimu vakanga vasina basa: poni, makwai, mbudzi. Vamwe vavo vakafa nekushaya mvura mumuviri, vamwe vakanyura mumigero yemvura. Kudzidziswa kwemhuka kwakaitika papurazi muNew Zealand isina kupihwa mucherechedzi weANA. Uyezve, apo mudzidzisi mukuru wemufirimu (John Smith) pachake akaedza kuongorora zvikonzero zvekutambudzika uku, izvo zvakanga zvisingafadzi kwaari, kuburikidza nekubatana ne ANA, akarambwa, achiwedzera kuti, nekuda kwekushayikwa kweuchapupu, aizoita. handisati ndakwanisa kuratidza chinhu. Mushure mokunge Smith ataura kuti akanga aviga mhuka dzakafa nemaoko ake pedyo nepurazi iroro, uye akanga akagadzirira kutaurira mapurisa nzvimbo yemapfupa avo, iyo ANA yakashandura nguva dzose "... hapana mhuka dzakakuvadzwa" zvikwereti zvemufirimu uyu kune imwe, mazwi akajeka - kuti zviitiko nekubatanidzwa kwenhamba yakawanda yemhuka mufirimu iyi yakatorwa pasi pekutariswa kwevamiririri vavo. Kunyangwe chirevo ichi chinova chenhema ...
Ehe, ANA padikidiki, asi ivo vanoita basa ravo. Saka, semuenzaniso, panguva yekutorwa kwemafirimu echangobva kuitika blockbuster "" (2011) neAmerican superstar Matt Damon, maererano nehuwandu hwevanorwira kodzero dzevanhu, kunyange nyuchi dzakabatwa nehutsika uye nekungwarira. Asi zvino vamwe vane mibvunzo pamusoro pehunhu hwepfungwa chaiyo yefirimu iri, umo vanhu vakapfuma vane fungidziro ... vanovhura nzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka?! Kwakanga kusingabviri chaizvoizvo here kuwana chimwe chinhu chakanga chisina chokuita nokuchengeta mhuka mumakeji nokuda kwemhindu? vazhinji veWestern vegans vanotaura. Mushure mezvose, sekunzwisisa kunoita chero munhu mukuru, zoo iri kure nebhizinesi rakakwana maererano nemabatirwo emhuka…. Mushoko - imwe rudzi rwechienzi "American dream" pakati pevanyori vefirimu, vamwe vanocherechedza vanoona vanocherechedza.
Neraki, mafirimu ane mhuka anogadzirwa ... pasina kutora chikamu kwemhuka! Pakombiyuta. Maererano nevatungamiri vakuru - vakadai, avo vakagadzirisa dambudziko rekupfura kurwisana kunosanganisira mhuka mufirimu "" (2009) vachishandisa mifananidzo yekombiyuta. Mufirimu iri, kwete chete "hapana mhuka dzakakuvadzwa", asi haana kutora chikamu mukudhirowa ... Runyoro rwakanga rwakagadzirirwa kare pakati pemakore ekuma1990, asi Cameron aive akamirira tekinoroji yekombuta kuti igadzirise kuti iite zviitiko zvakakura zvizere. yakagadzirwa pakombiyuta. Nekuda kweizvozvo, purazi repamusoro-soro rine simba rine nzvimbo inosvika kiromita, ine 35.000 processors, yakashandiswa kugadzira iyo firimu, akati wandei masumbu akaverengerwa mumakomputa mazana maviri ane simba kwazvo pasi rose panguva kuita mafirimu. Vanhu vanopfuura 200 pasi rose vakashanda pakugadzira mifananidzo yepakombiyuta yefirimu. Maminiti ega ega emufirimu mune sosi "inorema" kupfuura 900 gigabytes yedhisiki nzvimbo - iyi ine kureba kweiyo director kuchekwa kwemaminetsi 17 (!). Uye kupfura kazhinji kunodhura mari inosvika mazana matatu emamiriyoni emadhora. Asi, sezvamunoziva, "Avatar", kuisa zvinyoro, yakabhadhara - kuva iyo yepamusoro-soro yefirimu yenguva dzose pasi rose. Uye uku zvakare kukunda kwemaitiro ekubata mhuka!
Iyi firimu ichangoburwa "" (2016) zvakare, sekureva kwevacherechedzi, yakaunza mifananidzo yekombuta kune imwe nhanho, kana zvichikwanisika kuita chero chokwadi chakazara - kana "katuni" yakanaka - haichaiti nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, asi pakuda. wemutungamiriri. MuBhuku reJungle, kunyangwe mwana anogona kuona kufambira mberi kwakadini mumakore manomwe kubva pakaburitswa Avatar.
Zviri pachena kuti mhuka dzesango dzinobatsirwa zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwemifananidzo yekombuta = mushure mezvose, muchokwadi, ivo vari muzvisikwa, uye kwete pane yakatarwa! Asi kana uchishanda nemifananidzo yekombuta, mutungamiriri anofara, asingatambudzi nemawadhi ake anononoka. Dzimwe nguva dambudziko rekuwana kunyange mhuka yakachengetwa kuti iite zvinodiwa maererano nezvinyorwa zvinotoita kuti mutungamiri apenge. Saka, mutungamiriri wefirimu "" (2009) Skype Jones akapfura ... firimu pfupi pamusoro pekuedza kwaakaita pasina kuita imbwa pane yakagadzika bark pakumhanya! Imbwa yaiita chero chinhu kunze kwezvaidiwa nemutungamiriri: yakamhanya, asi haina kuhukura, kana kumhanya - uyezve yakahukura, kana kuhukura, asi haina kumhanya .... uye zvichingodaro, ad infinitum! Firimu pfupi pamusoro pekutambudzwa kwemutungamiriri akagamuchira zita rekuti existentialist "Izvo zvisinganzwisisiki zvisingabviri kuita imbwa kuhukura pakumhanya" uye.
Saka mhuka dzichasara dziri dzoga munguva pfupi, uye mabasa matsva achagadzirwa kune vanopopota? Hungu, zvechokwadi, mafirimu akawanda "pamusoro pemhuka" anoshingaira kushandisa mapikicha emakombiyuta, somuenzaniso, kutanga nefirimu "" (2001) naSteven Spielberg, izvo zvingadai zvisina kuitika pasina "zvidzidzo" zvekombiyuta.
Uye nezve ichangoburwa epic blockbuster "" (2014) nemukuru wemukurumbira Darren Aronofsky, vanoseka kuti mairi Noa ... An eccentric director kuti aiwa, njiva mbiri negunguvo pamufananidzo zvaive zvechokwadi. Mukuwedzera, akataura kune vanhu vasina hanya kuti firimu hariratidzi mhuka yesango chaiyo - iyo inogona kuwanikwa, semuenzaniso, muAfrica! Zvechokwadi, vatevedzeri vefirimu vanosimbisa kuti, pakukumbira kwaAronovsky, nyanzvi dzemakombiyuta "dzakagadzirisa" zvishoma zvisikwa izvo Noa anoponesa - kugadzira mhando itsva dzemhuka dzisipo. Kuedza kutamba mwari? Kana kuti nhanho itsva yehutsika kubata mhuka? Ndiani anoziva.
Pane imwe pfungwa: vanhu vazhinji vanoona kuti nekutsiviwa kwemhuka nekatuni yemaziso mahombe "minda" kubva mumafirimu ... kumwe kunakidza kuri kuenda, hupenyu huri kuenda. Saka zvinonzwisa tsitsi kuti Hollywood kazhinji haigone kubata mhuka - pamwe nevanhu - 100% zvine hutsika! Kusuwa pamusoro pekuenda zvishoma nezvishoma kwevatambi vemakumbo mana kubva mubhaisikopo kwakanyatsoratidzwa naJulie Totman: mudzidzisi mukuru weBritish kambani Birds and Animals UK, iyo yakashanda pamafirimu eHarry Potter akatevedzana uye ichangoburwa blockbuster "" ( 2015), akataura kuti nekutsiviwa kwemhuka dzine mavara akadhonzwa nemaoko "mashiripiti achabuda mumafirimu: mushure mezvose, unogona kusiyanisa kuti chaicho chiri kupi uye kuti manyepo aripi."