Mukati
Dambudziko rekurema kwevana, pamwe chete nevakuru, rinoonekwa apo simba rekushandisa rinopfuura kushandiswa kwayo. Mafungiro asina kururama echinyakare, anogamuchirwa mumhuri dzakawanda, kuti kuzara kwomucheche chiratidzo cheutano hwake uye ufakazi hwokumutarisira kwakanaka, kwaunza kukuvadza kwakawanda kuutano hwevana. Kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vana vanoisa uremu, vabereki vakawanda havatevedzeri mitemo yezvokudya zvevana vane utano.
Mhando nematanho ekufuta kwehudiki
Chiratidzo chekuzara kwevana chinoonekwa sehupamhi hwemapete eganda remwana, pamwe nekutsauka kwechiyero chehuremu kusvika pakukwirira. Kune matafura ehuremu hwemuviri hwemwana pazera rega rega, tichifunga nezvevakadzi vevana.
Kutsauka kubva pane zvakajairwa, kunoratidzwa senge muzana, kunobatsira kumisikidza nhanho yekufutisa kwehuduku:
Danho 1 - kutsauka kwehuremu hwemuviri kubva pa10 kusvika ku29%
Danho rechipiri - uremu hunodarika chiyero kubva pa2 kusvika ku30%;
Danho rechitatu - kuwandisa kunobva pa3 kusvika 50%;
Nhanho 4 - uremu hwemuviri hunenge 2 nguva kupfuura yakajairika (100%).
Kune marudzi maviri makuru ekufutisa kwevana:
Alimentary - mhedzisiro yekudyisa uye kusaita muviri;
endocrine - mhedzisiro yezvirwere zve metabolic uye endocrine system;
neurogenic - mhedzisiro yeuroinfections kana mapundu europi.
Mugove wealimentary obesity account inosvika 95% yezviitiko zvese zvechirwere ichi. Kungofanana nevakuru, kuwandisa muhuduku kunorongwa nemishonga sechirwere chakazvimirira chine migumisiro yakakomba. Inopfuura hafu yevana vane uremu, vachikura, havaibvise, asi vanowana matambudziko akanyanya ekufutisa kwavo.
Zvikonzero nemhedzisiro yekufutisa kwehuduku
Kufutisa, kutsamwiswa nekudyisa uye nemararamiro ekugara, kune zvakawanda zvinokonzeresa kutaridzika kwayo.
Zvikonzero zvekufutisa kwehuduku:
Kufananidzwa kwenhaka yemaitiro ekudya anogamuchirwa mumhuri;
Kuwanda kwemakhahydrates, mafuta, high-calorie foods uye ndiro mukudya kwevana;
Kudyisa vacheche zvisina kurongeka;
Upenyu hwekugara, kutsiva kufamba uye mitambo yekunze nekuona TV nemitambo yemakomputa, kushaikwa kwekuita basa remuviri;
Kubhadhara kwezvinetso zvepfungwa zvekuyaruka (kukundikana, matambudziko ekukurukurirana nevabereki nevezera, inferiority complex).
Migumisiro yekuremesa muvana:
Diabetes mellitus isinganzwisisi insulin (isina-insulin-inotsamira chirwere cheshuga), apo glucose haigoni kupinda mumasero emasumbu;
Hypertension, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, kukundikana kwemoyo;
Chisingaperi kuvimbiswa, hemorrhoids, cholecystitis, pancreatitis;
Kutsiviwa kwezviropa zvechiropa neadipose tissue (hepatosis), zvinogona kutungamirira ku cirrhosis yechiropa;
Skeletal deformity, kusagadzikana kwemaitiro, tsoka dzakadzika, kuparadzwa kwetishu, valgus deformity yemabvi (makumbo ari muchimiro chetsamba "X");
Matambudziko ekurara: kubatwa kwekufema, kuridza ngonono;
Kusagadzikana kwekuita zvepabonde: kuderera kwemaitiro ehutano hwepabonde, kunonoka kuenda kumwedzi (kutanga kuenda kumwedzi), njodzi yekusabereka mune ramangwana;
Osteoporosis (isina kukwana kana kukanganisa mapfupa);
Kuwedzera kwengozi yekenza mune ramangwana;
Matambudziko epfungwa anosangana nezvinetso zvekudya (bulimia, anorexia), kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, kudhakwa;
Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, kushayikwa kweshamwari, denderedzwa remagariro, rinodiwa nekukurumidza mukuyaruka uye pwere.
Kutsamira kwekuonekwa kwevana nevechiri kuyaruka pamhando yekufutisa
Kune ane ruzivo diagnostician, hazvizove zvakaoma kuziva rudzi rwekufutisa nemaitiro ehunhu hwekuonekwa kwemwana uye zvimwe zviratidzo. Chiso chakazvimba chinogona kuratidza kufutisa kunokonzerwa nehypothyroidism (kushaya thyroid hormone). Inoperekedzwa neganda rakaoma, "mabhegi" pasi pemaziso, kushaya simba, kuneta, kushaya chido, kusingaperi kuputika. Muvasikana vane chirwere ichi, kusaenda kumwedzi kunowanzoitika.
Nhengo dzakatetepa, matama epingi anopenya, mavara akatambanudzwa paganda redumbu, mafuta anoiswa padumbu, mutsipa uye kumeso zviratidzo zvechirwere cheadrenal (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome). Munguva yekuyaruka, vasikana vane chirwere ichi vanoona bvudzi remuviri rakawedzerwa uye kushaya kuenda kumwedzi.
Hurefu hupfupi hwakasanganiswa nekufutisa, hypothyroidism, kunonoka kukura kwepabonde - kushaya pituitary basa. Zvinonyanya kuipa kana zviratidzo izvi zvichiitika mushure meuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis), kukuvara kwecraniocerebral, kuvhiyiwa kweuropi. Kushaikwa kwehomoni yepituitary kunokonzera kunonoka mukuyaruka muvarume vechidiki (kusasimba kwenhengo dzesikarudzi, kushaikwa kwehunhu hwechipiri hwepabonde, kuwedzera kwegonads).
Kufutisa, kusanganiswa nemusoro, zviratidzo zvekuwedzera intracranial pressure (kusvotwa uye kurutsa, dzungu), inogona kuva chiratidzo chebundu reuropi. Muvasikana, kufutisa pamwe chete nemapundu, kusaenda kumwedzi, kuwedzera kwemafuta echiso nemuviri, kutarisika kwakanyanya kwebvudzi pachiso nemuviri, kunoratidza nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwepolycystic ovary syndrome.
Kudzivirirwa kwekufutisa kweudiki
Kuti udzivise migumisiro yakaipa kune chipenyu chiri kukura uye kwete kugadzira matambudziko mune ramangwana, unofanira kutarisira kudzivirira kufutisa mberi. Endocrine uye neurogenic zvikonzero zvechikamu chikuru hazvibvi pane maitiro uye mararamiro emunhu. Asi kufutisa, kunokonzerwa nekudyisa zvakanyanya uye kusaita muviri, kunogoneka kururamisa nekudzivirira.
Matanho ekudzivirira:
Ramba uchiyamwisa kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira;
Usamanikidza vana kupedza kudya kwavo kana kunwa zviri mubhodhoro kana vasina chido;
Usasuma chikafu chekuwedzera kare kare;
Usashandisa zvinotapira mukudya kwevana vechikoro nevana vaduku;
Nyatsocherechedza kudya, usapfuure macalorie emukati mendiro;
Kuderedza kuwanda kwemafuta emhuka uye nyore nyore kugayiwa makabhohaidhiretsi mukudya kwemwana, zvinosanganisira yakawanda yemiriwo fiber, miriwo nemichero;
Tarisa maitiro ehuremu hwevana, gadzirisa uremu munguva;
Ramba zvokudya zvinokurumidza, zvinwiwa zvinotapira carbonated;
Kufarira mwana mumitambo inogoneka, pedza nguva yakawanda naye mumhepo yakachena.
Hazvibatsiri zvikuru kumanikidza vana kudya nechisimba, kuranga uye mubayiro nezvokudya, kushandura maitiro emwana nezvokudya zvaunofarira uye zvisingadiwi nendiro. Iyi nzira yekurera inogona kukonzera kuparara kwepfungwa, zvichiita kuti pave nekuonekwa kwepathologies yegumbo rekudya.
Kurapa kwehudiki kufutisa
Kungofanana nechimwe chirwere, kufutisa muvana kunofanira kurapwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwenyanzvi, pasina kuzvirapa. Chiremba achaongorora mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekufutisa kumuviri wemwana, kudzidza anamnesis, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, tumira kwaari kune zvishandiso uye murabhoritari diagnostics.
Mishonga yakakosha yekufutisa:
Dieting;
Dosed basa remuviri;
Tsigiro yepfungwa;
Kurapa kwezvinodhaka zve endocrine uye neurogenic kusagadzikana.
Nyanzvi yezvokudya zvinovaka muviri mukurapa kufutisa kwevana ichapa mazano kuvabereki vemwana pakuronga kudya kunovaka muviri uye kuzadza kudya. Kurudziro idzi dzinofanirwa kuteverwa nenhengo dzese dzemhuri, dzichiumba mhando yakakodzera yemaitiro ekudya mumhuri. Muenzaniso wevabereki ndiyo yakanakisa nzira yedzidzo mukurapa kufutisa.
Mitemo yezvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvevana:
Idya zvishoma - kanenge 6-7 pazuva, muzvikamu zviduku;
Chengetedza kudya, pasina kutsauka kubva pane yakajairwa nguva yekudya kweanopfuura 15-20 maminetsi, kugadzira iyo biorhythms yemagadzirirwo ekudya uye kugaya zviri nani kwechikafu;
High-calorie foods (mazai, nyama, hove) inofanira kushandiswa mangwanani;
Zvokudya zvemukaka nemiriwo zvinosanganisira mumenyu yekudya kwemasikati kana kudya kwemanheru;
Shandisa michero nemiriwo yakawanda yakachena uye yakabikwa;
Usabvisa kubva pakudya nyama ine mafuta, hove, masoseji, masoseji, dhadha, hanzi,
Usashandisa nzungu, mabhanana, persimmons, maonde, mazambiringa akaomeswa, mazuva ari pamenyu;
Nzira yekugadzira zvigadzirwa ndeyekubikira, kubika, kubika, kusveta kusvika kumakore matatu hazvibatanidzwi, uye ipapo nzira iyi inoshandiswa sezvishoma sezvinobvira.
Dambudziko rakakomba rakadaro sekufutisa kwehuduku rinoda nzira yakabatanidzwa yekurapa, kushandiswa kwekudya kwakakosha, uye matanho ekudzivirira akakwana.