Osteomalacia inonzi generalized osteopathy (bone pathology). Rudo urwu mhedzisiro yekushaikwa kwekutanga mineralization yebhonzo matrix ichiita bhonzo "nyoro" uye kukwanisa kugadzira deformation yayo. Panyaya ye osteomalacia, bhonzo rakajairika asi mineralization yeosteoid tissue haina kukwana, mhedzisiro yekuunganidzwa kweosteoblasts (masero anovhara bhonzo matrix). Osteomalacia yakasiyana neosteoporosis umo bone mass inoshaikwa asi bhonzo mineralization yakajairika.

Chimiro chepfupa ndiro izwi rekare rinotsanangura "organic" chinhu panogadziriswa "mineral" chinhu. Iyi mineral substance inoratidzwa nemusanganiswa we calcium uye phosphorus. Zvicherwa izvi zvinopa bhonzo kuoma kwayo uye simba. (5)

Panyaya ye osteomalacia, iyi bhonzo chimiro saka ndeye yakajairika density. Dambudziko rinobva mukusakwana kugadzirisa kwekarusiyamu crystals pane iyi bone framework. Mhosva dzinoverengeka dzinogona kutsanangura iyi calcium insufficiency:

(1) Calcium uptake inokurudzirwa nehuwandu hwevhitamini D. Iyi vhitamini inobatanidzwa mukutora uye metabolism ye calcium. Kudya kusina kukwana kweVitamin D kunogona kukonzera kusakwana kwekugadzirisa calcium pamapfupa emapfupa.

(2) Kudzorwa kwemazinga ecalcium muropa kunodzorwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nehomoni inovanzwa neparathyroid glands (iri mumutsipa): parathyroid hormone. Kuwedzera kwehomoni iyi kunogonawo kukanganisa kugadziriswa kwemaminerari mumapfupa emapfupa.

(3) Daily calcium kudya by chikafu chakasiyana zvichienderana nezera uye chimiro chemuviri wemunhu:

- Pakati pemakore mana kusvika masere: 4 mg / zuva

- Pakati pe9 ne18 yemakore: 1 mg / zuva

- Pakati pe19 ne50 yemakore: 1 mg / zuva

- Pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nepamusoro: 50 mg / zuva

- Kune vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanoyamwisa: 1 mg / zuva

Kudya kwakaderera kwekarusiyamu kana kuenzaniswa nemazano ezuva nezuva kunogona kutungamirira kushayikwa kwe calcium mumunhu uye nokudaro kunotungamirira kukushaya mineralization yemapfupa. (4)

Iyo pfupa saka inova yakawanda ductile nekuda kweiyi mineral insufficiency pamwero weiyo bone framework. Mamwe mapfupa mumuviri anotsigira mitoro yakakura (vertebrae, makumbo). Izvi zvinobva zvaita njodzi yekuremara kana kutsemuka.

Muvana, osteomalacia inofanana ne rickets.

Zviratidzo zvakanangana neosteomalacia zvinonyanya kurwadziwa mumapfupa. Marwadzo aya anogona kuiswa munzvimbo yemakumbo (yakasimbiswa panguva yekufamba, kumhanya, nezvimwewo), musana, mbabvu, mapepa emafudzi, pelvis, nezvimwewo.

Iyi rheumatism haina kunyatsojeka uye inopararira.

Kune aya marwadzo, anogona kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya kana kushoma kuoneka deformation kana kunyangwe nemakanika maitiro: waddling gait, proximal myopathy (pathology inokanganisa tsandanyama fiber), kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, nezvimwe.

Muchiitiko chemafomu akaoma, osteomalacia inogona kuonekwa ne "bell-shaped" kana "violin" thorax, sternum yakaita keel kana kunyange kurasikirwa kwehukuru.

Calcium zvakare yakakosha mineral munyu mukuumbwa kwemazino. Mukuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvemapfupa, kusakanganiswa kwemazino enamel (kurasikirwa kwekupenya kwemazino uye kupera simba kwemazino) kunogona kuonekwa. (1)

Osteomalacia inokonzerwa nekuremara kwe calcium muhutano hwemapfupa. Aya mamiriro maviri anokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwevhitamini D kana / uye calcium, inobva mukudya (kana kubva pakuratidzwa kwezuva rezuva reVitamin D).

Rickets inokanganisa vana vanokura vane mapfupa achiri kuumba.

Osteomalacia, kune rumwe rutivi, inobata vanhu vakuru (vakadzi vakawanda uye vakwegura) vane mapfupa emapfupa akaumbwa zvakanaka. (2)

Osteomalacia chirwere chinonyanya kubata vakadzi nevakwegura.

Zvakangodaro, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kunge zviri pamavambo enjodzi yekukura kwechirwere ichi sekutora anticonvulsant zvinodhaka, kenza, phosphate, vhitamini D, kusakwana kuratidzwa nezuva, nhoroondo yemhuri yekusagadzikana kwevhitamini D metabolism. , kutadza kweitsvo, zvimwe zvirwere zvechiropa, nezvimwewo.

Vana vane vhitamini D uye calcium yekudya zvisina kukwana vanogona zvakare kukanganiswa nerudzi urwu rwechirwere muchimiro cherickets.

Kuongororwa kwekutanga kweiyi pathology kunoita kuti zvikwanise kudzikamisa mhedzisiro.

Mushure mekubvunzurudza nachiremba, uyu anogona kukupa chiyero che phosphocalcic kuitira kuti uongorore kukanganisa mu calcium, phosphorus uye albumin. Kuongorora uku kunogona kuwedzerwa nekutsunga kwekarusiyamu muweti (calciuria).

Aya macheki anogona kuperekedzwa ne x-ray yemapfupa anorwadza. Kuvapo kwekuonekwa kwakasviba zvishoma uye Looser-Milkman streaks (unhu hweiyi rheumatism) inogona kuve yakakosha ye osteomalacia. (5)

Mukuwedzera, computed tomography yemuzongoza inoita kuti zvikwanise kudzidza chimiro che vertebrae.

Pakupedzisira, zvinokwanisika kuita bhonzo biopsy kuitira kuti uwane demineralized bone tishu uye kuwedzera osteoblast basa.

Kurapa kweosteomalacia kunonyanya kudzivirira.

Kudya kwakakurudzirwa kwezuva nezuva kwecalcium kunobatsira kudzivirira chero mineral calcium deficit. Uku kudyiwa kwemazuva ese kunoitwa kuburikidza nechikafu (kunyanya muzvigadzirwa zvemukaka, hove uye zvinwiwa zvesoya zvakasimbiswa) asiwo kuburikidza nedzimwe mvura yemamineral yakapfuma mucalcium uye iri nyore kutora.

Vitamin D inobatanidzwawo mukudzivirira kwehurwere. Vitamin D inowanikwa muchikafu (zvakare chiripo mumukaka, hove dzakakora salmon kana trout, mazai, chiropa, nezvimwewo). Vitamin D kunwa zvakare kunogoneka kuburikidza nekuenzanisira kuratidzwa kune zuva kubatsira muviri kugadzira vhitamini iyi.

Kurapa kwechirwere chechirwere kunosanganisira kutungamirirwa kwevhitamini D. Kazhinji inoperekedzwa nekuwedzera calcium kudya.

Kuwedzera kuratidzwa (asi kwete kuwandisa) kune zuva kunowanzo kurairwa kune vanhu vane osteomalacia. (3)

Kurapa kwakanyatsoitwa kunotungamirira kune kupora nokukurumidza nekuderedza kana kunyange kuparara kwemarwadzo. (3)