Chipenyu chega chega chinosanganisirwa mune imwe ecosystem chinotora imwe niche mairi. Iyo yakakwana yekuzadza nhanho yeiyo niche yega yega inovimbisa kuenzana kweiyo ecosystem yese. Kana niche yakawandisa kana yakaparadzwa, izvi zvinogadzira kutyisidzira kuvapo kwehurongwa hwose, kunyanya, kune imwe neimwe zvisikwa zvinogara mairi. Saizvozvo, kana chiyero chikavhiringidzwa, sisitimu inotsvaga kuidzosera, kubvisa iyo yakawandisa uye kugadzirisa kushomeka.
Zvinoita sekuti boka revanhu vashoma rinoenderana nemaitiro akafanana. Kune chero boka, imwe kusanganiswa kwemagariro niches hunhu, iyo, kana isina chinhu, boka rinotsvaga kuzadza, uye kana ivo vakawandisa, ivo vanoderedzwa. Pakujoinha boka, mutsva angave nemukana wekutora "vacancy" kana kudzinga mumwe munhu kubva kune yakatozadzwa niche, achimumanikidza kuenda kune imwe. Mukuita uku, hunhu hwemunhu hwega hunoita basa rakakosha, asi kwete rekuita sarudzo. Chinonyanya kukosha inzvimbo yemagariro-yepfungwa yeboka, iyo inoita kunge ine archetylic hunhu uye inogadzirwazve nekukasira kunoshamisa munharaunda dzakasiyana siyana.
Yakawanda data kubva kuongororo yesociometric yemakirasi echikoro inogona kutaurwa kutsigira iyi hypothesis. (Zvinoita sekuti maitiro anocherechedzwa mumapoka erudzi urwu ndeechokwadi kumapoka evakuru akarongeka uye asina kurongeka.) Kana tichienzanisa masosiogiramu akaunganidzwa nenyanzvi dzakasiyana mumapoka akasiyana, zvimwe zvinozivikanwa zvirikushamisa, zvinoti, kuvepo kunokosha kwemamwe mapoka evadzidzi. muchimiro cheanenge kirasi yega yega.
Kuvandudzwa kwakadzama kwedambudziko iri nekugovaniswa kweakananga magariro-yepfungwa mabasa (niches) inoda yakakura-empirical research. Saka, ngatigarei pane chimiro chakajeka, kuvapo kwacho kunogona kucherechedzwa mune dzakawanda sociograms - mufananidzo weakadzingwa, kana wekunze.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekuonekwa kwekunze? Mafungiro ekutanga, achikurudzirwa nepfungwa dzakajairika, nderekuti basa reakarambwa munhu ane humwe hunhu husingawani mvumo pakati pedzimwe nhengo dzeboka. Nekudaro, kumwe kucherechedzwa kwakasimba kunoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakadaro hazvisi chikonzero sechikonzero chekurambwa. Chikonzero chaicho kuvepo kwe "vacancy" yeanodzingwa muchimiro cheboka. Kana iyi niche muboka yakatozadzwa nemumwe munhu, saka mumwe, anoti, mutsva, anofanira kunge akanyanya kutaurwa zvisina kunaka maficha kuitira kuti anofanirwa kurambwa. Mataurirwo akaenzana, seaya e "nguva dzose" wekunze, anogona kunge asisakonzeri kurambwa. Mukuumbwa kwayo, boka rinogona kushivirira vaviri kana vatatu vakadzingwa. Zvadaro kunouya kuwandisa kweiyo niche, iyo boka rinotanga kupindira: kana pane nhengo dzakawanda dzisina kukodzera muboka, izvi zvinoderedza chimiro chayo. Mamwe mamwe ma niches, anoita kunge aripowo muchimiro cheboka uye anomiririrwa nemabasa emutungamiri asina kurongeka, "jester", "runako rwekutanga", anogona kuzadzwa nemunhu mumwe chete. Kubuda kwemukwikwidzi mutsva webasa rakadaro kunotungamira kumakwikwi akasimba uye enguva pfupi, ayo anopera nekukurumidza nekubviswa kweanorasika mune imwe niche.
Zvisinei, dzokera kune wekunze. Chii chakaraira kudiwa kweiyi niche muchimiro cheboka? Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti munhu akapiwa chimiro chesociometric cheanodzingwa muboka anoita semhando ye scapegoat. Ichi chiverengero chakakosha pakuzvisimbisa kwedzimwe nhengo dzeboka, kuchengetedza kuzviremekedza kwavo padanho repamusoro. Kana iyi niche isina chinhu, saka nhengo dzeboka dzinorasikirwa nemukana wekuzvienzanisa zvakanakira nemumwe munhu asingakodzeri. Mutorwa ane hunhu hwakasimba husina kunaka chikonzero chiri nyore kune chero anewo maitiro iwayo. Nezvake zviri pachena kana, kazhinji, artificially accentuated inferiority, anotarisa paari fungidziro yeboka rose "negative". Munhu akadaro anoshanda sechinhu chinodiwa chechiyero chese socio-psychological «ecosystem».
Kubva pamazuva ekutanga ekuvapo kwekirasi yechikoro, nharaunda yevana inoedza stratify maererano ne socio-psychological archetypes. Boka racho rinosarudza pakati penhengo dzaro avo vakanyanya kufanirwa kune rimwe basa rekugarisana nevamwe uye, kutaura zvazviri, vanovapinza nechisimba munzvimbo dzakakodzera. Vana vane hurema hwekunze hwakataurwa, husimbe, mapenzi, nezvimwewo, vanobva vasarudzwa kuita basa rekunze. chishandiso chekurambwa munharaunda yevana hachiwanzo kuwanikwa, nekuti hachienderane nebasa rekuchengetedza psychological «homeostasis»).
Zvingave zvichigoneka kuedza kuongorora iyi pfungwa kuburikidza nezvinotevera - nhamo, yakaoma kuita - kuyedza: kubva mumakirasi gumi nemaviri kubva kuzvikoro zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yesociometry, sarudza vekunze uye gadzira kirasi nyowani kubva kwavari. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti chimiro cheboka idzva richakurumidza kuratidza "nyeredzi" dzayo uye vakadzingwa. Zvichida, mugumisiro wakafanana ungadai wakawanikwa mukusarudzwa kwevatungamiri.
Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti mamiriro ekurambwa anokonzera dambudziko rakakomba kumwana, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kutsamwisa maitiro asina kukwana emuripo. Ndivo vekunze vanoumba chikamu chikuru che "clientele" yevadzidzi vepfungwa dzechikoro, sezvo vachida maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekubatsira kwepfungwa. Kusvika pakugadzirisa dambudziko iri, chiremba wepfungwa anowanzo tsvaga kutanga kunzwisisa kuti ndezvipi hunhu hwakatsamwisa kuiswa kwemwana uyu mune ino isina kukodzera niche. Hazviwanzoiti kuti mwana arambwe zvachose zvisina kukodzera. Zvimiro zvake, izvo zvikanganiso mumeso evezera, kazhinji hazvina kuoma kuziva. Saka danho rinotevera kugadzirisa. Nekukunda zvikanganiso, basa nderekusuka chiseko chemunhu akadzingwa kubva kumwana uye kumuendesa kune chinzvimbo chakakodzera. Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazviiti nguva dzose. Uye chikonzero cheizvi chinoonekwa mukuti boka rinoda iyi niche yakazadzwa yehutano hwepfungwa. Uye kana mumwe achigona kudhonzwa kubva mairi, ipapo nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare mumwe munhu achasvinwa mairi.
Kutsanangurira vaunodzidza navo vokuchikoro kuti vari kuitira shamwari yavo utsinye hazvibatsiri. Chekutanga, vanozove nekupikisa zvisina musoro sekunge "imhosva yako." Chechipiri, uye chinonyanya kukosha, vana (pamwe chete nevakuru) vanozvibata nenzira iyi zvizere maererano nehupenyu hwavo hwepfungwa, iyo, nhamo, iri kure nemafungiro evanhu. Mufambiro wavo unosundwa nokurangarira kwakapfava: “Kana ndisiri nani pane zvakati nezvakati, zvino ndiri nani kupfuura ani, nei ndichifanira kuzviremekedza ndimene zvachose?”
Kuvakazve hurongwa hwehukama muboka, kuvandudza kuzviziva kwenhengo dzaro dzakarambwa ibasa rakaoma zvikuru, sezvo rinoda kugadziriswa kwakasimba kwemaonero enyika eboka rose, kunyanya niche yaro yakabudirira. Uye sezvo hutano hwake hunobva pakuramba kwevakadzingwa, zvakakosha kurima mamwe, maitiro anovaka ekuzvisimbisa uye kuchengetedza hutano hwemagariro evanhu. Kugadziriswa kwedambudziko rakakura iri kunoda tsvakiridzo inodarika imwe dissertation. Uyezve, munhu anofanirwa kukunda nzira iyo, zvichida, pane zvikonzero zvose zvekufunga nezve archetypal. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mhinduro yedambudziko iri ichava nyaya yekutsvakurudza kwakakodzera.