Ichokwadi chinonyatsozivikanwa kuti zvirwere zve periodontal uye periodontal tissues (gum uye ligamentous apparatus yemeno), zvirwere zvemucous membrane uye zvinyoro zvinyoro zvemumuromo wemuromo hazvikwanisi kurapwa. Asi ivo vanodzikama uye vanodzika pasi kuti varegererwe. Dzimwe nguva kugadzikana, dzimwe nguva kune kushoma kududzwa. Kunyanya kuzivikanwa kweperiodontitis, periodontitis uye gingivitis ndiyo zvirwere zvinowanzoitika. MuRussia, periodontics yakatanga kushingaira makore 10-12 chete apfuura, uye kazhinji, vanhu havasati vakagadzirira kugadzirisa matambudziko aya.
Kutanga iwe unofanirwa kubata nemazwi akareruka kuitira kuti pasave nezvinyorwa uye zviziviso zvinotsausa. Zvirwere zve periodontal tissues zvakakamurwa kuva dystrophic (inobatanidza ne dystrophic process in tissues) - PARODONTOSIS, uye zvirwere zvekuputika kwepakutanga - PERIODONTIS. Kazhinji, zvinosuruvarisa, kushambadzira uye zvinyorwa zvinoisa zvese muchikamu chimwe chete, asi ichi chikanganiso chakafanana nekuvhiringidza uye kuisa zvirwere zvakadai seARTHRITIS neARTHRITIS muboka rimwe. Kana iwe nguva dzose uchiyeuka muenzaniso weArthritis uye arthrosis, iwe haungazovhiringidzi periodontitis uye periodontal chirwere.
Kazhinji kazhinji, hongu, kune zvirwere zvekuputika etiology - periodontitis. Anenge ose 3-4 anogara megacities, uye kunyanya muRussia, mushure memakore 35-37 atosangana nedambudziko iri. "Kunyanya muRussia" - nokuti masunivhesiti edu ezvokurapa makore 6-8 chete apfuura akasarudza dhipatimendi rakasiyana re periodontology uye akatanga kudzidza dambudziko iri zvakanyanya. Anenge murwere wese akadaro anoziva nezvekubuda kweropa, kusagadzikana kana uchiruma chikafu chakasimba, dzimwe nguva kunenge kwakazara kurambwa kwechikafu chakasimba nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, kufamba kwezino kunoperekedzwa nekunzwa kunorwadza uye kusingafadzi, mweya wakashata uye kuwedzera kwekuisa plaque yakapfava uye mineralized (tartar) . )
Muchidimbu kutaura nezve etiology uye pathogenesis ye periodontitis, izvo zvinonyanya kuitika ndezve genetics, mararamiro, hutsanana hwemukanwa uye kudya kwemurwere. Chirwere chechirwere chechirwere ndechekuti kune zvishoma nezvishoma uye kunoramba kuripo kuzvimba mune ligamentous apparatus yezino, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi kufamba kwezino kunowedzera, kuputika kusingaperi kunokonzerwa nekuvapo kwe microflora inoramba iripo (Str Mutans, Str.Mitis). nevamwe), murwere haachakwanisi kurarama nekuzvichenesa kwemazino uye kuchengetedza utsanana hwakakwana. Pathological dentogingival pockets (PGD) inooneka.
Zvose izvi zviratidzo uye kuratidzwa kweperiodontitis zvinosanganiswa nekuremara mu periodontal uye periodontal connective tissue, kureva, nekukura zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuwedzera kuzvimba, masero makuru ehutano hunobatanidza, fibroblasts, haichagoni kurarama nekugadzirisa kwekubatanidza kutsva. matishu, nokudaro, kufamba kwezino kunooneka. Chinhu chehutsanana, ndiko kuti, maitiro emurwere anokwesha mazino ake, chinhu chakakoshawo. Nokudaro, nekuchenesa kwakakodzera mumuromo wemuromo, kwete chete chiyero chechimiro che microflora chinoumbwa, mazino emazino uye mazino akaoma anobviswa, asi kubuda kweropa kunokurudzirwawo. Kugadziriswa kwekugadzikana kweiyo ligamentous apparatus yemeno kunokanganisa nekushandiswa kwechikafu chakasimba, mbishi uye chisina kugadziriswa. Izvi zvakasikwa uye zvepanyama. Izvo hazvifanirwe kuve neruzivo rwepamusoro mumunda wemazino kuti unzwisise kuti nhengo yega yega inoshanda zvirinani uye zvakanyanya nemazvo neyakagadzika seti (mukati mefiziology) mutoro pairi. Saka, incisors uye canines iboka repamberi remazino rakagadzirirwa kutora uye kuruma kubva pakudya. Boka rekutsenga - rekukuya bundu rekudya.
Ichokwadi kwenguva refu inozivikanwa, iyo ichiri kudzidziswa paFaculty of Dentistry, kuti kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvakasimba (michero yakasvibirira nemiriwo) inobatsira pakugadzirisa uye kusimbiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi ezino. Vana panguva yekugadzirwa kwekurumwa uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekuzvichenesa kwegomba remuromo (nekuda kwemaitiro e salivation) vanokurudzirwa kugara vachidya 5-7 michero nemiriwo, kwete grated kana kucheka kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Kana vari vanhu vakuru, idzi nzira dzekuzvinatsa dzinoratidzawo kwavari. Izvi zvinoshanda pakudyiwa kwemiriwo kazhinji.
Kusiyana kwe omnivorous uye vegetarianism (veganism) yevarwere vanotarisawo nzira yehutachiona hwehutachiona mu periodontal tissues. Muna 1985, chiremba wemazino uye dentistry weYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, AJ Lewis (AJ Luiss) akanyora kucherechedza kwake kwenguva refu kwete chete yekosi ye caries muvarwere, asiwo yekuvandudza uye kuitika kweperiodontitis mune zvinomera uye zvisiri izvo. -vanodya miriwo. Vese varwere vaive vagari vemuCalifornia, vaive veboka rimwechete revanhu vane hupenyu hwakafanana hwekugara uye nhanho yekuwana mari, asi vakasiyana mune zvekudya (vegetarians uye omnivores). Mukati memakore mazhinji ekutarisa, Lewis akawana kuti vanodya miriwo, kunyangwe vakura zvakanyanya kupfuura varwere ve omnivorous, havaite kurwara ne periodontal pathologies. Kunze kwezvinomera makumi maviri, zvipembenene zvakaonekwa mu20, nepo pathologies yakawanikwa muvarwere ve omnivorous mu 4 kubva kune 12. Mune zvinomera, zvirwere zvakanga zvisingakoshi uye nguva dzose zvakaderedzwa kusvika pakuregererwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mune vamwe varwere, kubva mumatambudziko gumi nemaviri, 20-12 yakaguma mukurasikirwa kwezino.
Lewis akatsanangura izvi kwete chete nekugadzikana uye kudzoreredzwa kwakajairika kweiyo ligamentous apparatus yemeno, yakanaka yekuzvichenesa nzira dzemumuromo mhango uye kudyiwa kwakakwana kwemavhitamini, ayo aive nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakuumbwa kweiyo imwechete yekubatanidza tishu. Mushure mekuongorora microflora yevarwere, akasvika pakugumisa kuti vanodya miriwo vane zvishoma zvishoma periodontopathogenic microorganisms mune inosungirwa (yekusingaperi) microflora yemuromo wemuromo. Nekuongorora mucosal epithelium, akawanawo nhamba dzakakwirira dzemasero ekudzivirira emumuromo (immunoglobulins A uye J) mune zvinomera.
Mhando dzakawanda dzemakabhohaidhiretsi dzinotanga kuvira mumuromo. Asi munhu wese aifarira uye akashamiswa nehukama pakati pemaitiro ekuvirisa carbohydrate uye hukama nekudyiwa kweprotein yemhuka nevarwere. Zvese zviri pachena uye zviri nyore pano. Maitiro ekugaya uye kuvirisa mumuromo wemuromo akanyanya kugadzikana uye akakwana muzvinomera. Paunenge uchishandisa mapuroteni emhuka, iyi nzira inovhiringidzika (tinoreva maitiro enzymatic anoitwa neamylase). Kana iwe ukaenzanisa zvakanyanyisa, zvino izvi zvakafanana nekushandiswa kwakarongeka kweshuga, nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare iwe uchawana uremu hwakawandisa. Zvechokwadi, kuenzanisa kwakashata, asi zvakadaro, kana imwe enzymatic system yakagadzirwa nemasikirwo kuti iparadze ma carbohydrates ari nyore mubundu rekudya, ipapo kuwedzerwa kweprotein kuchakurumidza kukanganisa iyo yose biochemical process. Chokwadi, zvinhu zvose zvine hukama. Mune vamwe varwere zvichave zvakanyanya kutaurwa, mune zvimwe zvishoma. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti vanodya miriwo vane zvinyama zvakaoma (enamel uye dentin) mune zviri nani zvakanyanya (izvi zvakadzidzwa naLewis kwete nenhamba chete, asiwo histologically, mapikicha emagetsi achiri kushungurudza vanachiremba vemazino vanodya nyama kusvika nhasi). Nenzira, Lewis pachake aive asina kuomesesa miriwo, asi mushure mekutsvaga akave vegan. Akararama kusvika pazera re99 uye akafa panguva yedutu muCalifornia paanenge achisevha.
Kana zvese zvakajeka zvakakwana nenyaya dze caries uye enzymatic reaction, saka sei vegetarians vachiita zvakanaka ne ligamentous apparatus yemazino uye connective tissue? Mubvunzo uyu wakanetsa Lewis nevamwe vanachiremba vemazino hupenyu hwake hwose. Zvose zvine maitiro ekuzvichenesa uye kunaka kwemvura yemuromo zvakare zvakajeka. Kuti ndizive, ndaifanira "kupinda mu" general therapy uye histology uye kuenzanisa mapfupa uye connective tissue kwete chete ye maxillofacial region, asi yenhengo dzose nehurongwa.
Mhedziso dzaive dzine musoro uye dzaive dzakajairika. Iwo anobatanidza matishu uye mapfupa evasiri-zvinomera anowanzo kukurumidza kuparadzwa uye shanduko pane inobatana tishu yevanodya miriwo. Vanhu vashoma vanogona ikozvino kushamiswa nekuwanikwa uku. Asi vanhu vashoma vanoyeuka kuti tsvakurudzo munharaunda iyi yakatanga chaizvo nekuda kwemunda wakamanikana wemazino se periodontics.
Munyori: Alina Ovchinnikova, PhD, chiremba wemazino, chiremba wokuvhiya, orthodontist.